This is a concise and user-friendly reference guide to the most important aspects of Spanish.
Ian Mackenzie is Senior Lecturer in Spanish at Newcastle University. Peter T. Bradley is Emeritus Professor of Latin American History at Newcastle University.
Preface
Acknowledgement
Symbols
The alphabet, pronunciation, stress, spelling and punctuation
The alphabet
Pronunciation
Stress and written accents
Spelling - capital letters
Punctuation
Nouns
Plural forms
Gender
Collective nouns and agreement
Definite and indefinite articles
Forms of the articles
The definite article
The indefinite article
The neuter article
Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns
Demonstrative adjectives
Masculine and feminine demonstrative pronouns
Neuter demonstrative pronouns
Possessive adjectives
Before the noun
After the noun
Definite and neuter articles with possessives
Avoidance of ambiguity with su/sus and suyo/a/os/as
Parts of the body and personal effects
With adverbs and prepositions
Adjectives
Gender
Singular and plural
Shortening of adjectives
Position
Translating English 'un-' + adjective
Verb + adjective sequences
Adverbs
Ending in -mente
Not ending in -mente
Adverbial phrases
Adjectives used as adverbs
Personal pronouns
Subject pronouns
Direct and indirect object pronouns
Prepositional object pronouns
Reflexive pronouns
The position and order of personal pronouns
Use of le(s) in place of lo(s) and la(s)
Indefinite adjectives, pronouns and adverbs
Algo
Alguien
Alguno
Uno
Mucho, poco
Bastante/suficiente
Varios
Demasiado
Todo
Cualquiera
Ambos/as
Cada
Solo
Demas
Cierto
Tal, semejante
Otro
Verb forms
Present indicative and present subjunctive
Imperative
Imperfect tense
Preterite tense
Imperfect subjunctive
Future and conditional tenses
Future subjunctive
Non-finite forms (gerund and past participle)
Compound tenses
Progressive or continuous tenses
Uses of tenses
Simple tenses
Compound tenses
Progressive or continuous tenses
Expressions of time with hacer, desde and llevar
Verbs like gustar
The subjunctive mood
Subjunctive in subordinate que clauses
After subordinating conjunctions
In main clauses
The sequence of tenses - which subjunctive to use
Additional uses of the -ra form of the imperfect
The future subjunctive
Conditional clauses
Use of the subjunctive after si
Indicative tenses after si
Conditional sentences without si
Reflexive verbs
Formation of reflexive verbs
With reflexive meaning
With reciprocal meaning
With an indirect object pronoun
Se as an indefinite subject
Verbs 'to get/have something done'
Reflexive in form but not in meaning
Transitive verbs used reflexively
Verbs of becoming
Emphatic reflexive verbs
Passive constructions
Ser and estar with the past participle
Alternatives to Passive Constructions
Modal auxiliary verbs
Deber
Tener que
Haber
Querer
Poder
Saber
Soler
Infinitive constructions
Finite verb + infinitive
Prepositions + infinitive
Infinitives in impersonal constructions
An infinitive as subject of a verb
An infinitive with an explicit subject
The infinitive as a verbal noun
Uses of the gerund
Basic use
Gerund and main verb with different subjects
Gerund in place of a relative clause
Gerund with certain verbs
Cases where the gerund is not used
Commands
Forms of the imperative
Commands with the present subjunctive
Alternative ways of expressing commands
Ser and estar
Situations which demand ser
Situations which demand estar
Ser and estar with adjectives
Ser and estar with past participles
Special uses of estar
Prepositions
A
Antes de, a
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