Specious Science Why Experiments on Animals

This book provides the scientific underpinning for the Greeks' philosophy of "do no harm to any animal, human or not," by examining paediatrics, diseases of the brain, new surgical techniques, in vitro research, the human genome and proteome projects.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

9

(2)

PREFACE

11

(4)

1 THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

15

(28)

Science and Animal Models

24

(3)

Why Animal Experimentation Persists

27

(5)

Science versus Pseudoscience

32

(5)

Alternative Medicine and Animal Models

37

(6)

2 THE THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE FAILURE OF THE ANIMAL MODEL AS A SCIENTIFIC PARADIGM

43

(18)

The Animal Model and Evolution

44

(5)

Regulatory Genes

49

(3)

Follow the Money

52

(4)

Logic and the Animal Model

56

(3)

Conclusion

59

(2)

3 GENES, TECHNOLOGY, AND INTERNAL MEDICINE

61

(36)

The Lesson of the Microcosm

62

(9)

Animal Model Relevance to Cancer and Diseases of the Blood

71

(1)

Blood Diseases

72

(4)

Cancer

76

(21)

4 DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICATIONS

97

(36)

Genes and Drugs

97

(3)

Where Drugs Come From

100

(6)

Drug Testing with the Animal Model

106

(13)

Why the Animal Model Fails

119

(6)

Alternatives to Animal-Modeled Testing

125

(3)

Why Animal-Modeled Testing and Drug Development Continues

128

(5)

5 SURGERY

133

(37)

Early Surgery

134

(1)

Innovation in Sterile Technique

135

(3)

Development of Anesthesiology

138

(8)

Rising Dissatisfaction with Animal-Modeled Surgery

146

(1)

Innovations in Technology-Tools of the Trade

147

(3)

Blood Transfusions and Blood Type

150

(3)

Radiology: to Operate or Not, and Where

153

(4)

Ophthamology and Orthopedics

157

(10)

Surgical Training

167

(3)

6 PEDIATRICS

170

(34)

From Conception to Birth

172

(7)

The Truth about Teratogenic Testing

179

(7)

Birth Defects and Childhood Illnesses

186

(5)

Inherited Diseases

191

(9)

Part of the Problem

200

(1)

The Future of Studying Childhood Disease

201

(3)

7 DISEASES OF THE BRAIN

204

(40)

How the Brain Works

206

(1)

Injuries

207

(3)

Multiple Sclerosis

210

(4)

Motor Neuron Diseases

214

(1)

Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia

214

(8)

Parkinson's Disease

222

(6)

Epilepsy

228

(6)

Psychiatric Medications

234

(10)

8 BEYOND THE ANIMAL MODEL

244

(17)

Autopsy Studies

245

(1)

Clinical Research

246

(1)

Epidemiology

247

(1)

In Vitro Research

247

(1)

The Human Genome and Proteome Projects

248

(3)

Contributions from Other Scientific Fields

251

(1)

The Vital Role of Technology

252

(5)

The Power of Prevention

257

(1)

Changing the System

258

(3)

POSTSCRIPT

261

(6)

REFERENCES

267

(18)

INDEX

285

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Specious Science Why Experiments on Animals Harm Humans

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials