Spectrochemical Analysis Using Infrared Multichannel Detectors

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ISBN: 9781405125048 | 1405125047
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 12/23/2005

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This book provides a state-of-the-art review of a major recent technology which has now reached a level of maturity. The editors have pioneered the development and application of these techniques and technologies, and the chapter authors are leading practitioners in their subject areas. The volume encompasses methods and instrumentation across a range of applications. It is directed at researchers and professionals in vibrational spectroscopy, analytical chemistry, materials science, biomedicine, food science and combinatorial chemistry.

Contributors

Preface

1 Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopic imaging

(24)

Rohit Bhargava and Ira W. Levin

1.1 Introduction

(1)

1.2 Fundamentals of FTIR spectroscopy

(7)

1.2.1 Interferometer characteristics

(6)

1.3 FTIR microspectroscopy using a single-element detector

(5)

1.3.1 IR microscopes and point spectroscopy

(3)

1.3.2 FTIR mapping

(1)

1.3.3 Limitations of FTIR point mapping

(2)

1.4 FTIR imaging with multichannel detectors

(7)

1.4.1 Imaging with large format array detectors

(2)

1.4.2 Interfacing an interferometer to large array detectors

(1)

1.4.3 The SNR of imaging spectrometers

(3)

1.4.4 The evolving detector array technology

(1)

1.5 Raster scanning with linear array detectors

(2)

1.5.1 Choice of either small or large detector arrays

(1)

1.6 Conclusions

(1)

References

(2)

2 Near-infrared spectral imaging with focal plane array detectors

(31)

E. Neil Lewis, Linda H. Kidder, Eunah Lee and Kenneth S. Haber

2.1 Background: single-point near-infrared spectroscopy

(2)

2.2 Development of NIR spectral imaging

(10)

2.2.1 History of spectral imaging

(1)

2.2.2 FPAs – specifications

(1)

2.2.3 Implementation of NIR imaging

(2)

2.2.4 Data processing

(2)

2.2.5 Comparison of vibrational spectroscopic imaging modalities

(2)

2.2.6 Safety in numbers

(2)

2.3 Examples of NIR spectral imaging capabilities

(14)

2.3.1 Sample statistics and FOV

(5)

2.3.2 High-throughput applications

(1)

2.3.3 Statistics, morphology, abundance – using an internal reference

(8)

2.4 Conclusions

(1)

References

(4)

3 Multichannel detection with a synchrotron light source: design and potential

(29)

G. Larry Carr, Oleg Chubar and Paul Dumas

3.1 Introduction

(2)

3.2 Comparisons of thermal and SR sources

(10)

3.2.1 Blackbody radiation

(1)

3.2.2 SR as an IR source

(9)

3.3 The IR microspectrometer: instrumentation and optical analysis

(12)

3.3.1 Microspectrometer system components

(4)

3.3.2 Performance: imaging at the diffraction limit

(5)

3.3.3 The FPA microscope system

(3)

3.4 Combining SR with an FPA microspectrometer

(2)

3.4.1 FPA microspectrometer for PSF image deconvolution

(1)

3.4.2 SR as an extended IR source

(1)

3.5 Summary

(1)

Acknowledgements

(1)

References

(2)

4 Multivariate analysis of infrared spectroscopic image data

(30)

Scott W. Huffman and Chris W. Brown

4.1 Introduction

(1)

4.2 Preprocessing hyperspectral images

(16)

4.2.1 Data compression

(4)

4.2.2 Smoothing spectra

(2)

4.2.3 Noise in hyperspectral images

(9)

4.3 Processing hyperspectral images

101

(12)

4.3.1 Feature extraction

101

(8)

4.3.2 Concentration image maps

109

(4)

4.4 Conclusions

113

(1)

References

113

(2)

5 FTIR imaging of multicomponent polymers

115

(28)

Jack L. Koenig

5.1 Introduction

115

(1)

5.2 Imaging requirements for polymer characterization

115

(1)

5.3 Polymer sampling for FTIR imaging

116

(5)

5.3.1 Transmission measurements

116

(2)

5.3.2 Reflection FTIR imaging measurements

118

(1)

5.3.3 ATR FTIR imaging

119

(2)

5.4 FTIR image analysis

121

(5)

5.4.1 Selection of characteristic spectral stains for each component

122

(1)

5.4.2 Construction of contour plots

122

(1)

5.4.3 Histograms

123

(3)

5.5 Applications of FTIR imaging to complex polymer systems

126

(14)

5.5.1 FTIR imaging of polymer laminate films

126

(1)

5.5.2 Chemical morphology of multi-component polymeric materials

126

(6)

5.5.3 Immiscible polymer blends

132

(3)

5.5.4 Crosslinking-induced phase separation of elastomers

135

(2)

5.5.5 Semicrystalline polymer systems

137

(2)

5.5.6 Semicrystalline polymer blends

139

(1)

5.6 Summary and conclusions

140

(1)

References

140

(3)

6 Combinatorial approaches to catalyst development with multichannel detectors

143

(15)

Christopher M. Snively and Jochen Lauterbach

6.1 Introduction – combinatorial materials development

143

(2)

6.2 Array detection schemes for high-throughput analysis

145

(1)

6.3 FTIR imaging as a high-throughput technique

146

(2)

6.4 Applications

148

(3)

6.4.1 Application I: resin-supported ligands

148

(1)

6.4.2 Application II: adsorbates on catalyst surfaces

149

(1)

6.4.3 Application III: reactor effluent quantification

150

(1)

6.5 Data management

151

(4)

6.6 Summary

155

(1)

References

156

(2)

7 Materials analysis systems based on real-time near-IR spectroscopic imaging

158

(17)

Martin Kraft, Raimund Leitner and Herwig Mairer

7.1 Introduction

158

(1)

7.2 Data acquisition

158

(4)

7.2.1 Image acquisition

158

(3)

7.2.2 Sample–radiation interaction

161

(1)

7.3 Instrumentation

162

(2)

7.4 Real-time data analysis

164

(4)

7.4.1 Pre-processing

165

(1)

7.4.2 Spectral data evaluation

166

(2)

7.5 Integrated image processing

168

(1)

7.6 Material analysis applications

169

(4)

7.6.1 Industrial waste classification and sorting

169

(3)

7.6.2 Surface coating inspection

172

(1)

7.6.3 Food control

172

(1)

7.6.4 Mineralogical material analysis

172

(1)

References

173

(2)

8 Industrial applications of near-IR imaging

175

(14)

Anthony E. Dowrey, Gloria M. Story and Curtis Marcott

8.1 Introduction

175

(2)

8.2 Experimental

177

(1)

8.3 Application using NIR spectroscopic imaging

178

(6)

8.3.1 Water migration on fabrics

178

(1)

8.3.2 Spray nozzle patterns

179

(1)

8.3.3 Surfactant deposition on a nonwoven substrate

179

(2)

8.3.4 Flavored chips

181

(1)

8.3.5 Lotion distribution on nonwoven paper

182

(2)

8.4 Conclusions

184

(3)

Acknowledgements

187

(1)

References

188

(1)

9 IR spectroscopic imaging

189

(15)

Max Diem, Melissa J. Romeo, Susie Boydston-White and Christian Matthäus

9.1 Introduction: definition and goals of spectral mapping

189

(1)

9.2 Experimental

190

(4)

9.2.1 Instrumental aspects: PE Spotlight 300

190

(1)

9.2.2 Samples

191

(1)

9.2.3 Spectral maps of individual cells

191

(1)

9.2.4 Spectral maps of 'smears'

192

(1)

9.2.5 Spectral maps of tissues

192

(1)

9.2.6 Mathematical analysis

193

(1)

9.3 Results and discussion

194

(8)

9.3.1 Spectral histopathology of lymph nodes

194

(3)

9.3.2 Spectral maps of individual cells

197

(3)

9.3.3 Spectral maps of 'cell smears'

200

(2)

9.4 Conclusions

202

(1)

Acknowledgements

202

(1)

References

202

(2)

10 FPA imaging and spectroscopy for monitoring chemical changes in tissue

204

(30)

Bayden R. Wood and Don McNaughton

10.1 Introduction

204

(1)

10.2 Applications of FTIR tissue imaging to cervical cancer

205

(19)

10.2.1 History of FTIR spectroscopy applied to cervical cancer diagnosis

205

(1)

10.2.2 FTIR point-to-point mapping of cervical tissue

206

(1)

10.2.3 FTIR focal plane array imaging of cervical tissue

207

(17)

10.3 FPA imaging and spectroscopy for monitoring chemical changes associated with collagen-induced arthritis

224

(5)

10.4 Application of FTIR 3D imaging to histology

229

(1)

10.5 Conclusions

230

(1)

Acknowledgements

231

(1)

References

231

(3)

11 Infrared microscopy and imaging of hard and soft tissues

234

(27)

Richard Mendelsohn, Adele L. Boskey and Nancy P. Camacho

11.1 Introduction

234

(1)

11.2 IR imaging protocols

235

(1)

11.3 Applications of FTIR microscopy and imaging to tissues

235

(22)

11.3.1 Bone

235

(8)

11.3.2 Skin

243

(6)

11.3.3 Cartilage

249

(8)

Acknowledgements

257

(1)

References

257

(4)

12 Mid-infrared imaging applications in agricultural and food sciences

261

(22)

Douglas L. Elmore, Carrie A. Lendon, Sean A. Smith and Chad L. Leverette

12.1 Introduction

261

(3)

12.2 Spatially resolved chemical and physical information

264

(2)

12.3 Chemical infrared imaging of protein, carbohydrates and fat in agri-food mixtures

266

(2)

12.4 Sampling

268

(2)

12.5 Chemometrics

270

(2)

12.6 Applications

272

(5)

12.7 Complementary imaging techniques

277

(1)

12.8 Conclusions

278

(1)

References

279

(4)

13 Applications of near-infrared imaging for monitoring agricultural food and feed products

283

(20)

Vincent Baeten and Pierre Dardenne

13.1 Introduction

283

(1)

13.2 Use of NIR imaging for remote control and monitoring in agriculture

284

(4)

13.2.1 The problem

284

(4)

13.3 NIR imaging for food analysis

288

(6)

13.3.1 The problem

288

(6)

13.4 NIR imaging for feed analysis

294

(3)

13.4.1 The problem

294

(3)

13.5 Conclusion

297

(1)

References

297

(6)

Index

303

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Spectrochemical Analysis Using Infrared Multichannel Detectors

Summary

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Table of Contents

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