Sport and Exercise Science: An Introduction

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ISBN: 9780340815694 | 0340815698
Cover: Nonspecific Binding
Copyright: 5/27/2005

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Sport and Exercise Science provides a broad based introduction to the three areas that underpin the scientific study of sport and exercise science. Written by an experienced team of authors, this groundbreaking new textbook will help students to develop a sound understanding of human anatomy,physiology, nutrition, metabolism, biomechanics, and psychology related to sport, exercise, and health.

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Section 1: Anatomy and physiology

(186)

Sport and Exercise in the Life Sciences

(24)

Introduction

(2)

Plunging into the gene pool

(4)

Evolution, diversity and classification

(1)

Levels of biological organization

(3)

The chemistry of life

(2)

Reactions and enzymes in metabolism

(9)

Structure and function

(1)

Scientific study

(1)

References

(1)

Further reading

(1)

Human Anatomy and Physiology

(30)

Introduction

(1)

Anatomy

(1)

Studying and visualizing the human body

(2)

Anatomical terms

(2)

Tissue types

(9)

The integumentary system

(1)

The skeleton and movement

(3)

Major muscles and joints of the body

(11)

References

(1)

Further reading

(1)

Human Physiological Systems

(43)

Introduction

(1)

Homeostasis

(1)

The nervous and endocrine systems

(12)

The cardiovascular system

(8)

The respiratory system

(4)

The lymphatic and immune systems

(6)

The digestive, hepatic and renal systems

(5)

The liver and biliary system

(2)

Renal and urinary system

(3)

References

(1)

Further reading

(1)

Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Metabolism

100

(32)

Introduction

100

(2)

Muscle fibres and types

102

(1)

Nerve and muscle connection

103

(2)

Innervation

105

(2)

Molecular features of the sarcomere and muscle cell

107

(3)

Energetics and metabolism

110

(3)

Pathways of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle

113

(12)

Muscle cell fibre types and exercise performance

125

(5)

References

130

(1)

Further reading

131

(1)

Energy Balance and Body Composition

132

(31)

Introduction

132

(1)

Food and the diet

133

(2)

Why do we eat?

135

(1)

Body composition measurement

135

(7)

Energy balance over time

142

(1)

Energy and nutrient intake and its estimation

143

(5)

Fuels for exercise

148

(1)

Energy substrates of the body tissues and their metabolism

149

(1)

Energy expenditure and its measurement

150

(6)

Physical activity level, and determinants of energy expenditure

156

(1)

Energy balance -- techniques in perspective

157

(1)

Diet and physiological status/Exercise nutrition

158

(1)

Hydration and rehydration in sport and exercise

159

(2)

References

161

(1)

Further reading

162

(1)

Lifestyle Factors Affecting Health

163

(24)

Introduction

163

(1)

Health

164

(1)

Measurement of health

165

(1)

Factors affecting health and health promotion strategies

166

(1)

Physical inactivity, health and disease

167

(5)

Nutrition, health and disease

172

(3)

Alcohol, health and disease

175

(4)

Smoking, health and disease

179

(2)

Recreational drugs, health and disease

181

(4)

References

185

(1)

Further reading

186

(1)

Section 2: Biomechanics

187

(146)

Introduction to Sports Biomechanics

189

(8)

What is sports biomechanics?

189

(1)

Sub-branches of mechanics

190

(1)

History of biomechanics

190

(1)

Biomechanical models

191

(2)

What do sports biomechanists do?

193

(3)

References and further reading

196

(1)

Human and Linear Kinematic Concepts

197

(36)

Introduction to kinematic concepts

197

(5)

Linear Kinematics

202

(2)

Displacement versus distance

204

(2)

Velocity versus speed

206

(1)

Vector resolution and composition

206

(2)

Acceleration

208

(5)

Interpretation of graphs of kinematic data

213

(1)

Estimating acceleration from velocity

213

(3)

An introduction to gait analysis

216

(1)

The biomechanics of running

217

(3)

Projectile motion

220

(11)

References

231

(1)

Further reading

232

(1)

Linear Kinetics: The Study of Force and Movement

233

(34)

Introduction

233

(2)

Newton's laws of motion

235

(3)

Gravitational force

238

(1)

The application of Newton's laws of motion

239

(2)

Friction

241

(2)

The free body diagram

243

(3)

Stress and strain

246

(1)

The relationship between load and deformation

247

(1)

Stability and balance

248

(3)

Segmental masses

251

(3)

Centre of pressure

254

(1)

Stability

255

(2)

Work, power and energy

257

(1)

Kinetic energy

258

(1)

Potential energy

259

(1)

Conservation of mechanical energy

259

(1)

Impulse

259

(2)

Impact

261

(2)

Centre of percussion

263

(3)

References

266

(1)

Angular Kinematics

267

(14)

Introduction

267

(1)

Angular displacement

268

(1)

Angular velocity

269

(1)

Angular acceleration

270

(1)

Movement patterns

271

(1)

The kinetic link principle

271

(2)

Application of angular velocity and acceleration

273

(2)

Relationship between linear and angular motion

275

(4)

References and further reading

279

(2)

Angular Kinetics

281

(24)

Introduction

281

(1)

Inertia and moments of inertia

281

(1)

Torque

282

(2)

The use of eccentric forces to initiate rotation of the body

284

(1)

The moment arm

284

(1)

Levers

285

(4)

Lever systems and mechanical advantage

289

(1)

Tendon insertion variation

290

(1)

Muscle contractions

290

(3)

Force--velocity relationship

293

(1)

Length-tension relationship

294

(1)

Centripetal and centrifugal forces

294

(2)

Angular analogues of Newton's laws

296

(1)

Rotational analogues of Newton's laws

297

(1)

Angular momentum in long jumping

298

(1)

Analysis of rotation

298

(5)

References and further reading

303

(2)

Fluid Biomechanics

305

(13)

Introduction

305

(1)

Buoyancy

305

(1)

Centre of buoyancy

306

(1)

Drag

307

(1)

Swimming and fluid dynamics

308

(2)

The Bernoulli effect

310

(1)

The Magnus effect

310

(1)

How does drag affect the flight of various balls?

311

(2)

Aerodynamics of the discus

313

(1)

Aerodynamics of the javelin

314

(1)

Aerodynamics factors in cycling

315

(1)

References and further reading

316

(2)

Analysis Methods

318

(15)

Introduction

318

(1)

Analysis services

318

(1)

Qualitative analysis

319

(1)

Quantitative analysis

320

(1)

Procedural issues

321

(1)

Equipment considerations

321

(1)

Reporting of a study

322

(1)

Force platforms or plates

322

(1)

Electromyography

323

(2)

Isokinetic dynamometry

325

(1)

Other motion analysis techniques

326

(3)

References and further reading

329

(4)

Section 3: Psychology

333

(84)

Psychology of Sport

335

(31)

Introduction

335

(1)

Performance anxiety

336

(5)

Aggression in sport

341

(3)

Social facilitation

344

(2)

Groups and teams

346

(3)

Leadership

349

(2)

Individual differences

351

(2)

Imagery and mental rehearsal

353

(2)

Motivation

355

(6)

References

361

(5)

Exercise and Psychological Health

366

(26)

Abnormality and illness

366

(2)

Body image

368

(4)

Self-esteem, sport and exercise

372

(2)

Depression

374

(3)

Self-efficacy

377

(2)

Injury and recovery from injury

379

(3)

The end of a sporting career

382

(5)

References

387

(5)

The Psychology of Motor Learning and Performance

392

(25)

Introduction

392

(1)

Skills

392

(7)

Learning

399

(5)

Individual differences in skilled performance

404

(1)

Motor ability

405

(2)

Motor skill development

407

(4)

Gender differences

411

(4)

References

415

(2)

Glossary

417

(8)

Index

425

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Sport and Exercise Science: An Introduction

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials