Storycrafting A Process Approach to Writing News

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ISBN: 9780813809465 | 0813809460
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 8/23/2004

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Research has shown that writing is a process - writers gather information, organize, draft, revise, and publish their work. Kenneth Rosenauer has adapted this research to create Storycrafting: A Process Approach to Writing News, a fully developed, process-oriented news-writing textbook that provides students effective tools to grapple with the complex task of writing.Storycrafting is based on the notion that all good writing is, in a sense, good storytelling. The text makes liberal use of writing examples from award-winning college and university newspapers, allowing readers to see how their peers successfully handled similar writing tasks. By focusing on the "how" instead of the "what" of news writing activity-the process rather than the product-Storycrafting: A Process Approach to Writing News shows student journalists how to proficiently craft compelling and meaningful news stories.In the first five chapters, Rosenauer establishes the foundation for using the "process approach" to teach news writing. This approach enables students to start writing sooner and to write as they learn. Once the foundation is in place, closely related aspects of process follow: ownership, audience, peer review, and coaching. Beginning with chapter six, students discover additional in-depth resources to hone their news writing knowledge and skills, all presented through the filter of the process approach. The final three chapters of the book focus on journalistic conduct, legal and ethical issues, and current trends in journalism.Each chapter includes numerous "For Practice" and "Crafting and Drafting" story-writing opportunities. The accompanying Instructor's Resource Manual (available free on the Web) describes the theoretical underpinnings of process methodology and provides both new and experienced journalism educators the tools to make this book an effective and exciting component of the classroom experience

Preface,

Using This Textbook,

xvi

Acknowledgments,

xvii

Part 1. The Process,

(74)

Chapter 1. Principles of Storycrafting,

(16)

QuickView,

(1)

Storytelling,

(5)

The Origins of Storytelling,

(2)

Journalists: The Modern Storytellers,

(2)

For Practice,

(1)

The Writing Process,

(5)

Generating Ideas/Gathering Material,

(1)

Organizing the Material,

(1)

Drafting,

(1)

Revising,

(1)

Publishing the Work,

(1)

Recursive Nature of the Process,

(1)

For Practice,

(1)

Ownership,

(1)

Readership,

(1)

Peer Review,

(1)

Coaching,

(1)

Crafting and Drafting,

(1)

For Practice,

(1)

Chapter 1 Bibliography,

(2)

Chapter 2. Basic Story-Writing Tools and Techniques,

(18)

QuickView,

(1)

"Aboutness,"

(4)

Topic of Concern,

(1)

Kind of Information,

(2)

For Practice,

(1)

Story Focus,

(1)

Amount of Information,

(1)

Order of Information,

(1)

Relevance to Readers,

(1)

Story Elements,

(4)

What,

(1)

Who,

(1)

When,

(1)

Where,

(1)

Why,

(1)

How,

(1)

So What,

(1)

For Practice,

(1)

Backgrounding,

(3)

Interviewing,

(1)

Meeting People,

(1)

Establishing Rapport,

(1)

Asking Relevant Questions,

(1)

Getting Specific Answers,

(1)

Notetaking,

(2)

Good Listening Habits,

(1)

Personal Shorthand,

(1)

The Right Materials,

(1)

For Practice,

(1)

Composing at the Keyboard,

(2)

Keyboarding,

(1)

Word Processing Software,

(1)

Writing Process,

(1)

Crafting and Drafting,

(1)

For Practice,

(1)

Chapter 2 Bibliography,

(2)

Chapter 3. Basic Story-Writing Forms,

(20)

QuickView,

(1)

Leads,

(3)

Summary Leads,

(1)

Creative Leads,

(1)

Lead Lengths,

(1)

For Practice,

(1)

Story Development,

(5)

Inverted Pyramid,

(1)

Chronology,

(1)

Description,

(1)

Wall Street Journal,

(1)

Advance,

(1)

Follow Stories,

(2)

Updates,

(2)

For Practice,

(1)

Using Others' Words,

(2)

Direct Quotation,

(1)

Paraphrase,

(1)

Summary,

(1)

For Practice,

(1)

Story Style,

(3)

Personal Style,

(1)

Traditional Journalistic Style,

(1)

Associated Press Style,

(1)

Crafting and Drafting,

(1)

For Practice,

(1)

Chapter 3 Bibliography,

(2)

Chapter 4. Setting Up the Newsroom,

(18)

QuickView,

(1)

The Campus Community,

(10)

Government,

(1)

Business Activities,

(2)

Social Events,

(1)

Meetings and Speeches,

(1)

Accidents,

(1)

Crime,

(1)

Education,

(1)

Technology,

(1)

For Practice,

(1)

Story Beats,

(3)

Scenario for a City Hall Beat,

(1)

Sample Campus Beats,

(1)

For Practice,

(1)

Covering Your Beat,

(1)

Story Deadlines,

(1)

Crafting and Drafting,

(1)

For Practice,

(1)

Chapter 4 Bibliography,

(3)

Part 2. The Practice,

(224)

Chapter 5. Getting to Work,

(20)

QuickView,

(1)

Material Gathering,

(4)

Developing Story Ideas,

(1)

Learning What Readers Care About,

(1)

Hitting the Beat,

(1)

Taking Notes during Interviews,

(1)

For Practice,

(1)

Story Drafting,

(2)

Peer Review,

(1)

Benefits of Peer Review,

(1)

Peer Review Tips,

(1)

Responding to Peers,

(2)

From the Reviewer's Perspective,

(1)

From the Writer's Perspective,

(1)

For Practice,

(1)

Teacher as Coach,

(1)

Conferences,

(1)

Responding to the Teacher-Coach,

(1)

Revising: Editing and Proofreading,

(3)

Editing,

(2)

Proofreading,

(1)

For Practice,

(1)

Story Publishing,

(2)

Your Teacher,

(1)

Classroom News Sheet,

(1)

Class-Developed Web Newspaper,

(1)

Campus Newspaper,

(1)

Community Newspaper,

(1)

Teacher as Evaluator,

(1)

Crafting and Drafting,

(1)

For Practice,

(1)

Chapter 5 Bibliography,

(2)

Chapter 6. News,

(14)

QuickView,

(1)

Definitions of News,

(2)

Dictionary Definitions of News,

(1)

Traditional Definitions of News,

(1)

Contemporary Definitions of News,

(1)

Nose for News,

100

(1)

For Practice,

100

(1)

Triggers,

100

(3)

Novelty,

101

(1)

Audience,

101

(1)

Proximity,

101

(1)

Prominence,

102

(1)

Timeliness,

102

(1)

Impact,

102

(1)

Conflict,

102

(1)

For Practice,

102

(1)

Shifting News Story Content,

103

(2)

Online Competition,

103

(1)

Frames,

104

(1)

For Practice,

104

(1)

Weighing the Importance of News,

105

(1)

The Influence of Triggers,

105

(1)

The Influence of Other Factors,

105

(1)

Components of Effective News Stories,

106

(1)

Experience,

106

(1)

Audience,

106

(1)

News as Story,

107

(2)

Crafting and Drafting,

108

(1)

For Practice,

108

(1)

Chapter 6 Bibliography,

109

(2)

Chapter 7. Content,

111

(18)

QuickView,

111

(1)

Five Ws, H and SW,

112

(6)

What,

114

(1)

Who,

114

(1)

When,

115

(1)

Where,

115

(1)

Why,

116

(1)

How,

116

(1)

So What,

117

(1)

For Practice,

117

(1)

"Aboutness,"

117

(1)

Audience Needs,

118

(3)

For Practice,

120

(1)

Hard News and Soft News,

121

(2)

Hard News,

121

(1)

Soft News,

122

(1)

Previews and Follows,

123

(3)

Previews,

123

(1)

Follows,

124

(2)

For Practice,

126

(1)

Updates and Sidebars,

126

(2)

Crafting and Drafting,

127

(1)

For Practice,

127

(1)

Chapter 7 Bibliography,

128

(1)

Chapter 8. Evidence: Human Sources,

129

(20)

QuickView,

129

(1)

Curiosity and Critical Thinking,

130

(1)

Observation,

131

(1)

Intentional Observation,

131

(1)

Observation at Work,

131

(1)

For Practice,

132

(1)

Evidence,

132

(4)

Proving a Point,

133

(1)

Amount of Evidence,

133

(1)

Kinds of Evidence,

134

(1)

For Practice,

135

(1)

Backgrounding,

136

(2)

For Practice,

138

(1)

Human Sources,

138

(4)

Knowledgeable,

139

(1)

Accessible,

140

(1)

Trustworthy,

141

(1)

Credible,

141

(1)

What Sources Expect of You,

142

(1)

For Practice,

142

(1)

Anonymous Sources,

142

(2)

Citation Conventions,

144

(3)

Names,

145

(1)

Identifications,

145

(1)

Speech Tags,

146

(1)

Punctuation,

146

(1)

Crafting and Drafting,

146

(1)

For Practice,

147

(1)

Chapter 8 Bibliography,

147

(2)

Chapter 9. Evidence: Online, Document, Digital,

149

(18)

QuickView,

149

(1)

Research,

150

(3)

Identifying the Topic,

150

(1)

Hunting Generally,

151

(1)

Narrowing the Topic,

151

(1)

Hunting Specifically,

152

(1)

Taking Notes,

152

(1)

Organizing Evidence,

152

(1)

Documenting Evidence,

153

(1)

Online,

153

(5)

Researching Online,

154

(3)

Evaluating Online Material,

157

(1)

For Practice,

157

(1)

Handouts,

158

(2)

Picking Up Handouts,

158

(1)

Using Handouts,

159

(1)

For Practice,

160

(1)

Newspaper Morgue,

160

(1)

Library,

161

(4)

Doing Grocery Bag Research,

162

(1)

Using a Card Catalog,

162

(1)

Using Library Indexes,

163

(1)

Using Other Library Resources,

163

(1)

For Practice,

164

(1)

Crafting and Drafting,

164

(1)

For Practice,

165

(1)

Chapter 9 Bibliography,

165

(2)

Chapter 10. Interviewing,

167

(20)

QuickView,

167

(1)

Working the Beat,

168

(3)

Learning Your Beat,

169

(1)

Getting the Most from Your Beat,

170

(1)

Mining Your Beat for Material,

170

(1)

Sharing Story Topic Decisions,

171

(1)

For Practice,

171

(1)

Finding and Developing Sources,

172

(4)

Locating Sources,

172

(1)

Building a Relationship with Sources,

173

(1)

Maintaining Healthy Skepticism,

174

(1)

Handling Difficult Sources,

174

(1)

Dealing with Stonewalling,

175

(1)

Por Practice,

176

(1)

Interviewing,

176

(10)

Planned Interviews,

176

(1)

Drafting a Pre-lead,

176

(1)

Preparing Standard Questions,

177

(1)

Must-Ask Questions,

178

(1)

Preparing Zinger Questions,

178

(1)

Controlling the Interview,

179

(1)

Asking Zinger Questions,

179

(1)

Taking Effective Notes,

180

(2)

Going Off the Record,

182

(1)

Closing the Interview,

183

(1)

For Practice,

184

(1)

Cold Interviews,

184

(1)

Crafting and Drafting,

185

(1)

For Practice,

185

(1)

Chapter 10 Bibliography,

186

(1)

Chapter 11. Types of Leads,

187

(14)

QuickView,

187

(1)

The Right Lead for the Right Story,

187

(1)

Summary Leads,

188

(1)

Organizing the Summary,

189

(3)

For Practice,

192

(1)

Narrative Leads,

192

(2)

The Telling Moment,

192

(1)

The Nut Graf,

193

(1)

For Practice,

194

(1)

Other Creative Leads,

194

(6)

Anecdotal Leads,

195

(1)

Scene-Setter Leads,

196

(1)

Descriptive Leads,

196

(1)

Direct Address Leads,

197

(1)

Question Leads,

197

(1)

Direct Quote Leads,

198

(1)

For Practice,

198

(1)

Crafting and Drafting,

199

(1)

For Practice,

199

(1)

Chapter 11 Bibliography,

200

(1)

Chapter 12. Drafting the Lead and Conclusion,

201

(14)

QuickView,

201

(1)

Capturing Readers' Attention,

202

(3)

Interesting Leads,

202

(1)

Provocative Leads,

203

(1)

Telling Leads,

203

(1)

Inviting Leads,

204

(1)

Keeping Leads Simple,

205

(3)

Emphasizing Short Words,

205

(1)

Structuring Sentences,

206

(1)

Deciding Paragraph Length,

207

(1)

For Practice,

207

(1)

For Practice,

207

(1)

Drafting the Lead,

208

(1)

Conclusions,

208

(5)

The Argument against Conclusions,

208

(2)

The Argument for Conclusions,

210

(2)

For Practice,

212

(1)

Crafting and Drafting,

213

(1)

For Practice,

213

(1)

Chapter 12 Bibliography,

213

(2)

Chapter 13. Story Structure,

215

(22)

QuickView,

215

(1)

Structuring the Story,

216

(1)

Applying Elements of Storytelling to News,

217

(4)

Elements of Storytelling,

217

(1)

Tracing Elements in a News Story,

218

(3)

Using Elements of Storytelling,

221

(1)

Writing Narrative,

221

(2)

For Practice,

223

(1)

Frames,

223

(5)

Straight News Account,

223

(1)

Conflict Story,

224

(1)

Consensus Story,

224

(1)

Conjecture Story,

224

(1)

Process Story,

225

(1)

Historical Outlook,

225

(1)

Horse Race,

226

(1)

Trend Story,

226

(1)

Policy Explored,

226

(1)

Reaction Story,

227

(1)

Reality Check,

227

(1)

Wrongdoing Exposed,

227

(1)

Personality Profile,

228

(1)

Using Frames,

228

(3)

Matching a Frame to Your Lead,

228

(2)

For Practice,

230

(1)

Making Connections,

231

(3)

Transitions,

231

(1)

Other Organizing Devices,

232

(1)

Subheads and Dingbats,

232

(1)

For Practice,

233

(1)

Crafting and Drafting,

233

(1)

For Practice,

234

(1)

Chapter 13 Bibliography,

234

(3)

Chapter 14. Story Style,

237

(18)

QuickView,

237

(1)

Style Choices,

238

(1)

Conventional News Style,

239

(1)

Objective Content and the Basic News Elements,

239

(1)

Summary Lead and Inverted Pyramid Format,

239

(1)

Contemporary News Style,

240

(1)

Responsive Content,

241

(1)

Content-Specific Structures,

241

(1)

Other Style Matters,

241

(1)

Overview of Associated Press Style,

242

(7)

Abbreviations,

243

(1)

Capitalization,

243

(1)

Numerals,

244

(1)

Punctuation,

245

(1)

Titles,

246

(1)

Usage,

247

(2)

For Practice,

249

(1)

Quotation Style,

249

(2)

Using Speech Tags,

249

(1)

Punctuating Quotations,

250

(1)

Structuring Quotations,

251

(1)

For Practice,

251

(1)

Local Publication Style,

251

(1)

Personal Style,

252

(1)

Crafting and Drafting,

252

(1)

For Practice,

253

(1)

Chapter 14 Bibliography,

253

(2)

Chapter 15. Revision: Editing and Proofreading,

255

(26)

QuickView,

255

(1)

Reader-Focused Revision,

256

(1)

Revision Steps,

257

(1)

Weak and Missing Content,

257

(3)

Story Leads,

258

(1)

Telling Details,

259

(1)

Weak Structure,

260

(1)

Sentences,

260

(1)

Paragraphs,

260

(1)

Poor Word Choice,

261

(2)

Abstract versus Concrete,

261

(1)

Verbs versus Nouns and Modifiers,

262

(1)

Tight Writing,

263

(3)

Unnecessary Adverbs,

263

(1)

Unnecessary Prepositional Phrases,

264

(1)

Circumlocutions,

264

(1)

Redundant Pairs,

265

(1)

Nominalizations,

266

(1)

For Practice,

266

(1)

Style Errors,

266

(3)

News Style,

266

(1)

AP Style,

267

(1)

Quotation Style,

268

(1)

Local Publication Style,

269

(1)

Spelling Errors,

269

(1)

Spellcheckers,

269

(1)

Proper Names,

270

(1)

For Practice,

270

(1)

Punctuation Errors,

270

(5)

Grammar Checkers: Punctuation,

271

(1)

Commas,

271

(3)

Other Common Punctuation Errors,

274

(1)

For Practice,

274

(1)

Grammar Errors,

275

(4)

Grammar Checkers: Grammar,

275

(1)

Common Grammar Errors,

275

(3)

For Practice,

278

(1)

Crafting and Drafting,

278

(1)

For Practice,

279

(1)

Chapter 15 Bibliography,

279

(2)

Chapter 16. Online Publishing,

281

(18)

QuickView,

281

(1)

Online News Publications,

282

(2)

Barebones Links Pages,

282

(1)

Enhanced Index Pages,

283

(1)

Online Newspapers,

284

(1)

Story File Preparation,

284

(2)

Preparing .doc Files,

284

(1)

Preparing .html Files,

285

(1)

Story Revision,

285

(1)

Images,

286

(4)

Online Image Formats,

286

(1)

Clip Art,

286

(1)

Icons,

287

(1)

Backgrounds,

287

(1)

Photographs,

288

(1)

Scanning Images,

289

(1)

Manipulating Images,

289

(1)

Web Design Basics,

290

(2)

Text Width,

290

(1)

Color,

291

(1)

Display Type,

291

(1)

Body Text,

292

(1)

Images,

292

(1)

Designing Barebones Links Pages,

292

(1)

Designing Enhanced Index Pages,

293

(1)

Online Publication Siting,

294

(1)

Uploading Files,

295

(1)

Online Publication Access and Promotion,

295

(1)

Timely News,

296

(1)

Crafting and Drafting,

297

(1)

For Practice,

297

(1)

Chapter 16 Bibliography,

297

(2)

Part 3. The Profession,

299

(52)

Chapter 17. Journalistic Conduct,

301

(16)

QuickView,

301

(1)

Role of Journalism,

302

(1)

Foundation of Journalistic Conduct,

303

(2)

Morals and Ethics,

303

(1)

Codes of Ethics,

304

(1)

Law,

304

(1)

Objectivity,

305

(2)

Objectivity as the Ideal,

305

(1)

Alternatives to Traditional Objectivity,

306

(1)

Truth,

307

(1)

Accuracy,

308

(2)

Precise, Authentic Reporting,

308

(1)

Verification,

309

(1)

Accuracy Checklist,

310

(1)

Balance and Fairness,

310

(1)

Respect and Courtesy,

311

(1)

Integrity and Honesty,

312

(1)

Independence,

313

(1)

Accountability,

314

(1)

Taste,

314

(1)

Codes of Ethics Online,

314

(1)

Crafting and Drafting,

315

(1)

For Practice,

315

(1)

Chapter 17 Bibliography,

315

(2)

Chapter 18. The First Amendment, Libel and Privacy,

317

(16)

QuickView,

317

(1)

The First Amendment,

318

(1)

Libel,

319

(3)

Conditions of Libel,

320

(2)

Defenses to Libel,

322

(3)

Truth,

322

(1)

Consent,

323

(1)

Privilege,

323

(1)

Opinion,

324

(1)

Limited Defenses,

324

(1)

Libel Checklist,

325

(2)

Privacy,

327

(2)

Intrusion,

327

(1)

Disclosure of Private Facts,

327

(1)

False Light,

328

(1)

Misappropriation,

328

(1)

Consent as defense,

328

(1)

Privacy Checklists,

329

(1)

Crafting and Drafting,

330

(1)

For Practice,

330

(1)

Chapter 18 Bibliography,

330

(3)

Chapter 19. Trends: Public Journalism and Convergence,

333

(18)

QuickView,

333

(1)

Public Journalism,

334

(2)

Origin of Public Journalism,

334

(1)

New Avenues, New Voices,

335

(1)

Goals of Public Journalism,

336

(1)

Criticism of Public Journalism,

337

(1)

Future of Public Journalism,

338

(1)

Public Journalism on Campus,

339

(1)

Convergence,

340

(1)

Development of Convergence,

340

(2)

Advantages and Disadvantages of Convergence,

342

(1)

Future of Convergence,

343

(1)

Convergence on Campus,

344

(2)

Preparing to Be a Multimedia Journalist,

346

(2)

Crafting and Drafting,

346

(1)

For Practice,

347

(1)

Chapter 19 Bibliography,

348

(3)

Index,

351

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Storycrafting A Process Approach to Writing News

Summary

Author Biography

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Supplemental Materials

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Summary

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