The Structure of the Mind Outlines of a Philosophical System
, by Belfiore, Francesco
- ISBN: 9780761827870 | 0761827870
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 4/8/2004
This book represents a unique attempt to restore a new-classical aspiration towards a philosophical system able to provide some certainties. Using the distinctive feature of presenting an original and complete philosophical system, author Francesco Belfiore diverges from the philosophical literature of the last decades, which has been ever more focused upon specific fields.
Francesco Belfiore retired as professor of Internal Medicine from the University of Catania Medical School, Catania, Italy.
| Figures | p. xiii |
| Tables | p. xv |
| Preface | p. xvii |
| A New Ontological Conception | p. 1 |
| A New Version of the "Cogito" | p. 3 |
| The Structure of the Being | p. 6 |
| Premise: Problems Arising from the Conception of the Res Cogitans and the Res Extensa | p. 6 |
| The Conception of Reality as the Unity-Distinction of the Intellect, the Sensitiveness and the Power | p. 13 |
| The Intellect | p. 17 |
| Other "Objects" of the Intellect: Ideas Themselves and Sentiments | p. 20 |
| The Intellect as a Support of the Sensitiveness and the Power: "Fantastic Ideas" and "Ideas of Personal Projects" | p. 22 |
| The branches of Knowledge | p. 25 |
| The Sensitiveness | p. 26 |
| The Sensitiveness as a Support of the Intellect and of the Power | p. 28 |
| The Power and the Physical World | p. 29 |
| The Power and Actions | p. 29 |
| The Physical World | p. 31 |
| The Mind as a Whole: The Consciousness | p. 34 |
| Defining the Ontological Conception: The Being "One and Trine" | p. 35 |
| Comparison with Other Philosophical Conceptions | p. 37 |
| Comparison with Other Unitary Conceptions | p. 37 |
| Comparison with Other Conceptions Based on a "One and Trine" Entity | p. 39 |
| Comparison with Other Philosophical Systems | p. 39 |
| Comparison with Some Religious Conceptions | p. 41 |
| The Intellect: Knowledge and its Limits | p. 43 |
| The Knowledge of the Power: The Physical World and the Actions of Man | p. 44 |
| The Knowledge of the Physical World | p. 45 |
| The Objects and the Ideas-of-Object | p. 45 |
| The Individual Objects of the Supra-Molecular World | p. 45 |
| The Identical Particles of the Molecular-Atomic-Subatomic World | p. 52 |
| Similar Objects versus Identical Particles | p. 53 |
| Similar Objects of the Supra-Molecular World | p. 53 |
| Identical Particles of the Molecular-Atomic-Subatomic World | p. 55 |
| The Creation of "Classes" and "Sets" | p. 56 |
| Heterogeneous Classes Made of Individual Objects | p. 56 |
| Homogeneous Classes Made of Identical Particles | p. 61 |
| Physical versus Non-Physical Classes | p. 62 |
| Classes and the Knowledge Process | p. 67 |
| Classes and Some Logical Paradoxes | p. 70 |
| Classes, Numbers, Mathematics and Geometry | p. 79 |
| Relations between Objects and Classes | p. 83 |
| Relations in Static Conditions | p. 84 |
| Relations of the Object with Itself (Identification) | p. 84 |
| Relations Between Objects (or Inter-Objective) | p. 85 |
| Object-Class Relations | p. 86 |
| Relations Class-to-Class or Inter-Classes | p. 88 |
| Relations in Dynamic Conditions (Dynamic Relations): The Events | p. 89 |
| Dynamic Relations of the Object with Itself (Events Affecting a Single Object) | p. 91 |
| Dynamic Relations Between Objects: (I) The Cause-Effect Relation | p. 91 |
| Dynamic Relations Between Objects: (II) Relations of Action | p. 102 |
| The Creation of Transformation Laws (Scientific Laws) | p. 102 |
| The Starting Point of Knowledge and Its Progressive Development | p. 107 |
| The Subject-Object Relation | p. 107 |
| Subject-Object Relation and Quantum Mechanics | p. 112 |
| The Limits of Knowledge: The "Phenomenon" and the "Noumenon" | p. 114 |
| The Role of the Subconscious | p. 117 |
| Acquisition of New Knowledge of the Physical World by Inductive Reasoning: From Properties to Objects, Classes, Events, Laws and Theories | p. 118 |
| Assembling Properties into Objects and Observed Changes into Events | p. 118 |
| Grouping Objects into Classes | p. 119 |
| Grouping Events into Transformation Laws (Scientific Laws) and Theories | p. 123 |
| Utilization of Acquired Knowledge by Deductive Reasoning: Explanations, Previsions and Applications | p. 136 |
| Explanations | p. 136 |
| Previsions | p. 137 |
| Applications (Experiments and Inventions) | p. 137 |
| Methods of Reasoning for the Acquisition of New Knowledge | p. 138 |
| Propositions about Objects, Events, Classes and Laws | p. 138 |
| Particular Propositions about Objects and Events of the Supra-Molecular World | p. 138 |
| Propositions about Classes and Transformation Laws of the Supra-Molecular World | p. 143 |
| Propositions About the Identical Particles (and Their Homogenous Classes) and the Regular Events (and Their General Laws) of the Molecular-Atomic-Subatomic World | p. 146 |
| Methods of Reasoning in the Utilization of Acquired Knowledge | p. 147 |
| Arguments about Objects and Classes of the Supra-Molecular World | p. 148 |
| Arguments about Objects (Particles) and Classes of the Molecular-Atomic-Subatomic World | p. 153 |
| Arguments about Events and Laws of the Supra-Molecular World | p. 154 |
| Arguments about Events and Laws of the Molecular-Atomic-Subatomic World | p. 158 |
| Comments to the Basic Logical Principles | p. 161 |
| Knowledge of Actions | p. 166 |
| Knowledge of the Intellect (Intellect as an Object of Knowledge) | p. 168 |
| Knowledge of the Sensitiveness and Sentiments | p. 169 |
| Language | p. 170 |
| Language as an Expression of Knowledge | p. 172 |
| Language as an Expression of the Knowledge of the Physical World and of the Ideas of the Mind | p. 173 |
| Language as an Expression of the Knowledge of Sentiments and of Moral Events | p. 187 |
| Language as an Expression of Sentiments (Poetic, Command and Moral Language) | p. 187 |
| The Sensitiveness | p. 189 |
| The Sensitiveness as a Generator of Sentiments | p. 189 |
| Sentiments and Their Objects | p. 193 |
| Particular versus Universal Sentiments | p. 196 |
| Sentiments as Related to Ideas and Actions | p. 197 |
| Judgment of Sentiments | p. 198 |
| Expression of Sentiments and the Works of Art | p. 199 |
| Expression of Sentiments by Language and the Literary Arts | p. 200 |
| Literary Arts | p. 201 |
| Autonomy of Art | p. 203 |
| Artistic versus Scientific Content | p. 205 |
| Art as Expression of Universal Sentiments | p. 205 |
| Art Critics and the Objectivity of the Value of Art | p. 207 |
| Art and Beauty | p. 209 |
| Representation, Expression and Understanding | p. 210 |
| The Problem of Fiction | p. 213 |
| Comment on the View of Art as Expression of Universal Sentiments | p. 217 |
| Expression of Sentiments by Sound | p. 221 |
| Expression of Sentiments by Imaging (Visual Arts) | p. 223 |
| Painting and Sculpture | p. 223 |
| Architecture | p. 225 |
| Expression of Sentiments by Combined Use of Language, Sound and Imaging (Behavior, Theater, Cinema) | p. 226 |
| The Works of Art as Aesthetic Objects | p. 227 |
| Art and Morality | p. 228 |
| Comparison with Other Philosophical Conceptions of Art | p. 229 |
| The Power: Man's Action in the Society and in the Physical World | p. 237 |
| The Power as a Generator of Actions | p. 237 |
| Actions as Related to Ideas and Sentiments | p. 240 |
| Judgment of Actions | p. 243 |
| Judgment of Actions by the Strength Criterion | p. 243 |
| Judgment of Actions by the Value Criterion | p. 244 |
| Universal Actions and The Origin of Human Society | p. 245 |
| From the Particular Action of the Individual to the Universal Actions in the Society | p. 246 |
| The Justification of the Social Institutions | p. 250 |
| Correct-Rating of Actions Entails a "Power-Driven Society" | p. 253 |
| Wrong-Rating of Actions Entails a "Violence-Injured Society" | p. 255 |
| The Conditions for a Meaningful Voting | p. 259 |
| The Finality of Laws (Universal Actions) and the Political Parties | p. 260 |
| Laws as Community-Shared Projects that Define Classes of Actions | p. 264 |
| Social Institutions | p. 264 |
| Laws | p. 265 |
| Adjudication | p. 268 |
| The Consciousness and Morality | p. 273 |
| The Consciousness as a Generator of Moral Events (Moral Decisions, Moral Feelings and Moral Acts) | p. 273 |
| Moral Events | p. 274 |
| Characteristics Peculiar to Moral Events | p. 276 |
| Distinction of Moral Events from Other Mental Products | p. 278 |
| Examples of Personal Actions and Moral Acts | p. 281 |
| Comparison with Other Theories of Consciousness | p. 282 |
| Theories of Consciousness | p. 282 |
| The Consciousness and the Brain | p. 287 |
| Judgment of Moral Events | p. 288 |
| Judgment by the Morality Criterion | p. 288 |
| The Morality Criterion | p. 288 |
| Judgment of Moral Conceptions | p. 289 |
| Judgment of Moral Feelings | p. 289 |
| Judgment of Moral Acts | p. 290 |
| Moral Acts versus Personal Actions | p. 292 |
| Mention to Other Moral Conceptions | p. 293 |
| Demonstrative Examples | p. 295 |
| Judgment by the Value Criterion | p. 300 |
| Morality and Politics | p. 301 |
| Equality as Related to Morality and Politics | p. 303 |
| Equality between Individuals: The Right to Equal Treatment | p. 304 |
| Inequality between Individuals: The Right to Unequal (Individualized) Treatment | p. 305 |
| Supererogation, Moral Formalism, and Fanaticism | p. 308 |
| Free Will | p. 311 |
| Freedom of Personal Actions and of Moral Acts | p. 312 |
| Freedom of Personal Actions | p. 312 |
| Freedom of Moral Decision and Moral Acts (Free Will) | p. 313 |
| Choosing Between Moral Projects and Personal Projects | p. 314 |
| Comparison with Other Conceptions of Freedom | p. 318 |
| Incompatibilist Theories | p. 319 |
| Critical Comment | p. 321 |
| Moral Responsibility Without Freedom | p. 323 |
| Responsibility Is Consciousness of Being the Causal Agent | p. 323 |
| Apparent Freedom Is Due to the Extreme Complexity of the Brain | p. 325 |
| The Language of Morality (Moral Language) | p. 330 |
| Analytical, Continental and Post-Modern Philosophy | p. 333 |
| Analytical and Continental Philosophy | p. 334 |
| Post-Modern Philosophy | p. 335 |
| Kuhn's Thought | p. 335 |
| Feyerabend's Thought | p. 337 |
| Rorty's Thought | p. 339 |
| A Conclusive Note | p. 340 |
| References | p. 343 |
| Index | p. 365 |
| Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved. |
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