Student Solutions Manual for Mathematical Ideas

Vern Heeren grew up in the Sacramento Valley of California. After earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics with a minor in physics at Occidental College, and completing his Master of Arts degree in mathematics at the University of California, Davis, he began a 38-year teaching career at American River College, teaching math and a little physics. He coauthored Mathematical Ideas in 1968 with office mate Charles Miller, and he has enjoyed researching and revising it over the years. It has been a joy for him to complete the fourteenth edition, along with long-time coauthor John Hornsby, and with son Christopher.

These days, besides pursuing his mathematical interests, Vern enjoys spending time with his wife Carole and their family, exploring the wonders of nature at and near their home in central Oregon.

John Hornsby joined the author team of Margaret Lial, Charles Miller, and Vern Heeren in 1988. In 1990, the 6th Edition of Mathematical Ideas became the first of nearly 150 titles he has coauthored for Scott Foresman, HarperCollins, Addison-Wesley, and Pearson in the years that have followed. His books cover the areas of developmental and college algebra, precalculus, trigonometry, and mathematics for the liberal arts. He is a native and resident of New Roads, Louisiana.

Christopher Heeren is a native of Sacramento, California. While studying engineering in college, he had an opportunity to teach a math class at a local high school, and this sparked both a passion for teaching and a change of major. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Master of Arts degree, both in mathematics, from California State University, Sacramento. Chris has taught mathematics at the middle school, high school, and college levels, and he currently teaches at American River College in Sacramento. He has a continuing interest in using technology to bring mathematics to life. When not writing, teaching, or preparing to teach, Chris enjoys spending time with his lovely wife Heather and their three children.

Table of Contents

1. The Art of Problem Solving
   • 1.1 Solving Problems by Inductive Reasoning
   • 1.2 An Application of Inductive Reasoning: Number Patterns
   • 1.3 Strategies for Problem Solving
   • 1.4 Numeracy in Today’s World
   • CHAPTER 1 SUMMARY
   • CHAPTER 1 TEST
2. The Basic Concepts of Set Theory
   • 2.1 Symbols and Terminology
   • 2.2 Venn Diagrams and Subsets
   • 2.3 Set Operations
   • 2.4 Surveys and Cardinal Numbers
   • CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY
   • CHAPTER 2 TEST
3. Introduction to Logic
   • 3.1 Statements and Quantifiers
   • 3.2 Truth Tables and Equivalent Statements
   • 3.3 The Conditional and Circuits
   • 3.4 The Conditional and Related Statements
   • 3.5 Analyzing Arguments with Euler Diagrams
   • 3.6 Analyzing Arguments with Truth Tables
   • CHAPTER 3 SUMMARY
   • CHAPTER 3 TEST
4. Numeration Systems
   • 4.1 Historical Numeration Systems
   • 4.2 More Historical Numeration Systems
   • 4.3 Arithmetic in the Hindu-Arabic System
   • 4.4 Conversion Between Number Bases
   • CHAPTER 4 SUMMARY
   • CHAPTER 4 TEST
5. Number Theory
   • 5.1 Prime and Composite Numbers
   • 5.2 Large Prime Numbers
   • 5.3 Selected Topics from Number Theory
   • 5.4 Greatest Common Factor and Least Common Multiple
   • 5.5 The Fibonacci Sequence and the Golden Ratio
   • 5.6 Magic Squares (online)*
   • CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY
   • CHAPTER 5 TEST
6. The Real Numbers and Their Representations
   • 6.1 Real Numbers, Order, and Absolute Value
   • 6.2 Operations, Properties, and Applications of Real Numbers
   • 6.3 Rational Numbers and Decimal Representation
   • 6.4 Irrational Numbers and Decimal Representation
   • 6.5 Applications of Decimals and Percents
   • CHAPTER 6 SUMMARY
   • CHAPTER 6 TEST
7. The Basic Concepts of Algebra
   • 7.1 Linear Equations
   • 7.2 Applications of Linear Equations
   • 7.3 Ratio, Proportion, and Variation
   • 7.4 Linear Inequalities
   • 7.5 Properties of Exponents and Scientific Notation
   • 7.6 Polynomials and Factoring
   • 7.7 Quadratic Equations and Applications
   • CHAPTER 7 SUMMARY
   • CHAPTER 7 TEST
8. Graphs, Functions, and Systems of Equations and Inequalities
   • 8.1 The Rectangular Coordinate Systems and Circles
   • 8.2 Lines, Slope, and Average Rate of Change
   • 8.3 Equations of Lines
   • 8.4 Linear Functions, Graphs, and Models
   • 8.5 Quadratic Functions, Graphs, and Models
   • 8.6 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, Graphs, and Models
   • 8.7 Systems of Linear Equations
   • 8.8 Applications of Linear Systems
   • 8.9 Linear Inequalities, Systems, and Linear Programming
   • CHAPTER 8 SUMMARY
   • CHAPTER 8 TEST
9. Geometry
   • 9.1 Points, Lines, Planes, and Angles
   • 9.2 Curves, Polygons, Circles, and Geometric Constructions
   • 9.3 The Geometry of Triangles: Congruence, Similarity, and the Pythagorean Theorem
   • 9.4 Perimeter, Area, and Circumference
   • 9.5 Volume and Surface Area
   • 9.6 Transformational Geometry
   • 9.7 Non-Euclidian Geometry and Topology
   • 9.8 Chaos and Fractal Geometry
   • CHAPTER 9 SUMMARY
   • CHAPTER 9 TEST
10. Counting Methods
    • 10.1 Counting by Systematic Listing
    • 10.2 Using the Fundamental Counting Principle
    • 10.3 Using Permutations and Combinations
    • 10.4 Using Pascal’s Triangle
    • 10.5 Counting Problems Involving “Not” and “Or”
    • CHAPTER 10 SUMMARY
    • CHAPTER 10 TEST
11. Probability
    • 11.1 Basic Concepts
    • 11.2 Events Involving “Not” and “Or”
    • 11.3 Conditional Probability and Events Involving “And”
    • 11.4 Binomial Probability
    • 11.5 Expected Value and Simulation
    • CHAPTER 11 SUMMARY
    • CHAPTER 11 TEST
12. Statistics
    • 12.1 Visual Displays of Data
    • 12.2 Measures of Central Tendency
    • 12.3 Measures of Dispersion
    • 12.4 Measures of Position
    • 12.5 The Normal Distribution
    • CHAPTER 12 SUMMARY
    • CHAPTER 12 TEST
13. Personal Financial Management
    • 13.1 The Time Value of Money
    • 13.2 Consumer Credit
    • 13.3 Truth in Lending
    • 13.4 The Costs and Advantages of Home Ownership
    • 13.5 Financial Investments
    • CHAPTER 13 SUMMARY
14. Graph Theory
    • 14.1 Basic Concepts
    • 14.2 Euler Circuits and Route Planning
    • 14.3 Hamilton Circuits and Algorithms
    • 14.4 Trees and Minimum Spanning Trees
    • CHAPTER 14 SUMMARY
    • CHAPTER 14 TEST
15. Voting and Apportionment
    • 15.1 The Possibilities of Voting
    • 15.2 The Impossibilities of Voting
    • 15.3 The Possibilities of Apportionment
    • 15.4 The Impossibilities of Apportionment
    • CHAPTER 15 SUMMARY
    • CHAPTER 15 TEST

ANSWERS TO SELECTED EXERCISES (Annotated Instructor’s Edition only)

ANSWERS TO SELECTED EXERCISES (Student Edition Only)

CREDITS

INDEX OF APPLICATIONS

INDEX

*The online section on Magic Squares as well as a Trigonometry chapter, a Metrics chapter, and Extension topics can all be found in the MyLab™ Math course or at www.pearsonhighered.com/mathstatsresources

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