Subsurface Contamination Monitoring Using

This book details the results of the study of laser induced fluorescence for monitoring subsurface contaminants. It is part of a series of studies done with a grant from the Department of Defense to develop innovative remediation technologies. The results provide performance and cost data.

Executive Summary

1

(2)

Introduction

3

(4)

LIF-CPT Technology for Site Monitoring

3

(1)

Project Background and Phases

4

(3)

LIF-EEM Engineering Design

7

(18)

Excitation-Emission Matrix

7

(1)

Design Goals

8

(1)

Selection of Excitation Wavelengths

8

(3)

System Components

11

(7)

Nd:YAG Laser

11

(1)

Raman Shifter and Excitation Beams

12

(2)

Multichannel Optical Fiber and Launch Assemblies

14

(2)

LIF Probe

16

(1)

Detection System

17

(1)

Laser Energy Calibration at the Probe

18

(2)

EEM Data Analysis

20

(3)

Cone Penetrometer Testing Equipment

23

(2)

Summary of Technology Demonstration

25

(14)

General Scope of Field Work

25

(1)

Field Test No. 1: Hanscom AFB

26

(7)

Site Conditions

26

(1)

Field Operations

26

(2)

Soil Sample Collection and Analysis

28

(1)

Equipment Calibration

29

(1)

Summary of Equipment and Software Performance

29

(3)

Presentation of Fluorescence Data

32

(1)

Field Test No. 2: Otis Air National Guard Base

33

(6)

Site Conditions

33

(2)

Field Operations

35

(1)

Equipment Calibration

36

(1)

Soil Sample Collection and Analysis

37

(1)

Summary of Equipment and Software Performance

37

(1)

Presentation of Fluorescence Data

38

(1)

Data Interpretation and Evaluation

39

(26)

General Scope of Data Analysis

39

(1)

Hanscom AFB Data Analysis Results

39

(3)

Data Analysis for Otis Field Operation

42

(23)

LIF Calibrations and Tests Performed in Tufts Laboratory

44

(6)

Results of On-Site Soil Sampling

50

(2)

Results of In Situ LIF Measurements

52

(13)

Outlook

65

(2)

Developmental Goals

65

(1)

Post-AATDF Development

65

(1)

Field Testing

66

(1)

Applicability of the LIF-EEM Technology

67

(4)

Detectable Contaminants

67

(1)

Use of Data for Human Health Risk Assessments

68

(1)

Limitations

68

(1)

Equipment Development And Patent Considerations

69

(2)

Comparison with other LIF Systems

71

(8)

Common Components

71

(1)

SCAPS System

72

(1)

Engineering Design

72

(1)

Data Presentation

72

(1)

Fugro Geosciences' ROST™ System

73

(1)

Engineering Design

73

(1)

Data Presentation

73

(1)

Tufts University System

74

(1)

Typical Costs

75

(4)

References

77

(2)

Appendices

79

(1)

A. Design Manual for the Laser-Induced Fluorescence Cone Penetrometer Tool

79

(1)

A.1 Introduction

79

(1)

A.2 Experimental Strategy

80

(1)

A.3 Theory of Components

80

(1)

A.3.1 Properties of Lasers and Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS)

80

(1)

A.3.2 Light Throughput in Optical Fibers

81

(3)

A.3.3 Probe Interface

84

(1)

A.3.4 Optical Detection System

84

(3)

A.3.5 Cone Penetrometry

87

(1)

A.4 Design and Assembly of Components

88

(1)

A.4.1 Laser Excitation Table

88

(3)

A.4.2 Optical Fibers and Light Delivery

91

(1)

A.4.3 LIF Probe and Sampling Interface

93

(1)

A.4.4 Detection Instrumentation

94

(2)

A.5 System Performance

96

(1)

A.5.1 Excitation System

96

(2)

A.5.2 LIF-CPT Probe

98

(1)

A.5.3 Detector/Fiber Interface

99

(1)

A.5.4 CCD Detector Performance

99

(1)

References

100

(1)

B. Operation and Calibration Manual for the Laser Excitation-Emission Matrix Cone Penetrometer Tool

101

(1)

B.1 Introduction

101

(1)

B.2 Assembly of LIF/CPT System

102

(1)

B.2.1 Fiber Probe Assembly

102

(1)

B.2.1.1 Material

102

(1)

B.2.1.2 Assembly of Fiber Probe

103

(4)

B.3 Assembly of Laser Breadboard

107

(1)

B.3.1 Installation of Flashlamp

107

(1)

B.3.2 Installation of Harmonic Generation (HG) Modules

107

(1)

B.3.3 Laser Alignment Verification

108

(1)

B.3.4 Assembly of Raman Shifter

108

(1)

B.3.5 Optics Alignment on the Optical Breadboard

109

(1)

B.4 Calibration of LIF/CPT Tool

109

(1)

B.4.1 Detection System Alignment and Calibration

109

(1)

B.4.1.1 Alignment and Focusing of the Detection System

109

(1)

B.4.1.2 Imaging

110

(1)

B.4.1.3 Linearizing a CCD

111

(1)

B.4.2 Calibration of the LIF Probe

111

(1)

B.4.2.1 Determination of Instrument Artifacts

111

(1)

B.4.2.2 Energy/Photon Normalization

112

(2)

B.5 Operation of the LIF/EEM/CPT Tool

114

(1)

Glossary of Terms

115

(1)

References

116

(1)

C. Excitation-Emission Matrices Collected in the Laboratory, from Hanscom AFB, and at Otis ANGB

117

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The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

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Subsurface Contamination Monitoring Using Laser Fluorescence

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Subsurface Contamination Monitoring Using Laser Fluorescence

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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