Sugarcane

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ISBN: 9780632054763 | 063205476X
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 6/7/2004

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From enhancing the flavour of food to providing a substrate for fermentation, sugar is renowned worldwide for its importance as a commodity. For many centuries sugarcane has been cultivated and developed, and we now have a huge range of crop varieties.Based on Blackburn's highly successful Sugarcane, originally published in 1984, this new edition has been fully revised and expanded by an international team of widely respected sugarcane specialists. Focussing on the agricultural aspects of the crop, this book follows a logical progression from the botany and breeding through to planning cultivation, control of weeds, pests and diseases, harvest management and payment for cane.An invaluable asset to those involved in planning or running sugar estates as well as small producersAn easy-to-follow reference for students and agriculturalists alikeComprehensive reference sections and further reading

Glyn James is the editor of Sugarcane

Foreword

Preface

vii

1 An Introduction to Sugarcane

(19)

The origins and spread of sugarcane

(1)

Movement and development of the noble canes

(1)

The ancestry of cultivated sugarcane

(1)

The early commercial cane varieties

(4)

Saccharum officinarum or the noble canes

(1)

The end of the noble cane era

(3)

Saccharum spontaneum

(1)

Saccharum barberi

(1)

Saccharum sinense

(1)

Saccharum robustum

(1)

Saccharum edule

(1)

The botany of sugarcane

(8)

The stem

(2)

The leaf

(2)

The roots

(1)

The inflorescence

(2)

The seed

(1)

Cultivation of sugarcane

(2)

Sugarcane cultivation and the slave trade

(1)

The introduction of indentured labour

(1)

The production of sugar

(1)

Sugar bounties

(1)

Research

(1)

Developments in the twentieth century

(1)

References

(2)

2 Plant Improvement of Sugarcane

(34)

Introduction

(1)

Germplasm

(7)

Introduction

(1)

Basic germplasm

(6)

Commercial (Saccharum spp. hybrid) germplasm

(1)

Germplasm conservation

(1)

Cross-pollination

(3)

Introduction

(1)

Flower induction

(1)

Cross-pollination

(1)

Parental selection

(1)

Seed storage

(1)

Selection

(6)

Introduction

(2)

Selection in original seedlings

(1)

Selection of clones

(1)

Genotype x environment interaction

(1)

Competition and plot technique

(1)

Experimental design

(1)

Automation

(1)

Breeding objectives

(7)

Productivity

(1)

Disease resistance

(2)

Pest resistance

(1)

Milling characteristics

(1)

Sugar quality

(1)

Crop ideotype

(1)

Row spacing

(1)

Achievements

(2)

Future options

(3)

Molecular-assisted selection

(1)

Genetic transformation

(1)

Functional genomics

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

Acknowledgements

(1)

References

(7)

3 Diseases

(24)

Introduction

(1)

Principles of disease control in sugarcane

(2)

Variety resistance

(1)

Seedcane quality

(1)

Field control practices

(1)

Selection of varieties for disease resistance

(1)

Fungal diseases

(6)

Pineapple disease

(1)

Pokkah boeng

(1)

Red rot

(1)

Common rust Puccinia melanocephala Sydow and orange rust P. kuehnii Butler

(1)

Smut Ustilago scitaminea Sydow

(2)

Miscellaneous fungal diseases

(1)

Bacterial diseases

(6)

Gumming disease Xanthomonas axonopodis pv vasculorum (Cobb) Vauterin

(1)

Leaf scald Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby) Dowson

(2)

Ratoon stunting disease Lei fsonia xyli subsp. xyli

(3)

Other bacterial diseases

(1)

Viral diseases

(4)

Mosaic, sugarcane mosaic virus and sorghum mosaic virus

(2)

Yellow leaf syndrome, sugarcane yellow leaf virus; sugarcane yellows phytoplasma

(1)

Miscellaneous viral diseases

(1)

Phytoplasmal diseases

(1)

References

(4)

4 Pests of Sugarcane

(23)

Introduction

(1)

Stalk borers

(7)

Biology

(1)

Damage

(1)

Distribution

(1)

Control

(5)

Soil pests

(5)

Damage

(1)

Biology

(1)

Distribution

(1)

Control

(1)

Termites

(1)

The biology of other soil insect pests

(1)

Sap feeders

(3)

Biology

(1)

Damage

(1)

Distribution and control

(2)

Leaf feeders

(2)

Damage

(1)

Distribution

(1)

Biology and control

(1)

Vertebrate pests of sugarcane

(1)

Rodents

(1)

Other vertebrate pests

(1)

References

(5)

5 Sugarcane Agriculture

101

(42)

Introduction

101

(1)

Systems of cultivation

101

(7)

Soil conservation and field layouts

101

(1)

Row cropping

102

(1)

Cambered beds

103

(1)

The system in Guyana

104

(2)

Florida and Mozambique

106

(1)

Louisiana banks

106

(1)

Cultivation on sloping land

106

(2)

Yield

108

(1)

Ratoons and ratooning

108

(2)

Land preparation

110

(2)

Seedcane production

112

(1)

Planting

113

(1)

Ratoon management

114

(2)

Weed control in sugarcane

116

(6)

Chemical weed control

117

(5)

Irrigation and drainage

122

(19)

Appropriate irrigation systems

123

(1)

Furrow irrigation

123

(4)

Overhead irrigation

127

(6)

Drip irrigation

133

(3)

Soil moisture instrumentation

136

(1)

Drainage

137

(3)

World Wide Web information sources

140

(1)

References

141

(2)

6 Sugarcane Agronomy

143

(17)

Soil management problems

143

(1)

Site selection

144

(1)

Clearing

145

(1)

Planning and layout

145

(1)

Field design

145

(1)

Land preparation

146

(1)

Nurseries

147

(1)

Commercial planting

148

(2)

Crop management

150

(1)

Crop control

151

(1)

Harvest

152

(1)

Field factors and cane quality

153

(2)

Ratooning

155

(1)

Monoculture

156

(1)

Specialty crops

157

(1)

Organic sugarcane

157

(1)

Transgenic sugarcane

157

(1)

Inter-cropping

157

(1)

Basic economics

158

(1)

References

158

(2)

7 Harvest Management

160

(21)

Pre-harvest burning

160

(1)

Green cane harvesting

161

(1)

To burn or not to burn

162

(1)

Unplanned cane fires

163

(1)

Fire control measures

163

(1)

Fire control equipment

163

(1)

Reaping and transport

164

(14)

General

164

(1)

Manual and mechanised harvesting

164

(1)

Manual cane cutting

165

(1)

Cane loading

165

(4)

Mechanised cutting

169

(2)

Harvesting aids

171

(1)

Yield losses from mechanised harvesting

171

(1)

Cane transport

172

(3)

Field-edge to mill transport

175

(1)

Offloading systems

176

(2)

Cane storage

178

(1)

Co-ordination and control of harvesting

179

(1)

References

180

(1)

8 Cane Payment Systems

181

(14)

Introduction

181

(1)

Different types of cane payment systems

181

(2)

Fixed cane price

181

(1)

Fixed revenue sharing

182

(1)

Variable revenue sharing

182

(1)

Payment for which sugar products?

183

(1)

Incentives to improve technical performance

183

(1)

Sampling and testing of cane

183

(1)

Payment systems

184

(3)

Systems based on the average quality of growers' cane

184

(1)

Systems based on the quality of the individual grower's cane

184

(1)

Incentives to improve the cane quality and sucrose recovery

185

(1)

Limitations

186

(1)

Incentives to expand production

187

(3)

Cane payment systems and the length of the campaign

187

(2)

Relative payment schemes

189

(1)

Grower/miller incentives to expand

189

(1)

Incentives to produce refined sugar

190

(1)

Impact on incentives for different socio-economic groups

190

(1)

Integrated operations

190

(1)

Co-operative mills

190

(1)

Growers on leased or tribal land

190

(1)

Smallholders

191

(1)

Recent performance of cane payment systems

191

(2)

Conclusion

193

(2)

9 Project Planning

195

(8)

Introduction

195

(1)

The role of the consultant

195

(2)

Pre-feasibility study

197

(1)

Feasibility study

198

(3)

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Sugarcane

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials