Summa Contra Gentiles

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ISBN: 9780268016845 | 0268016844
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 5/31/1989

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The Summa Contra Gentiles is not merely the only complete summary of Christian doctrine that St. Thomas has written, but also a creative and even revolutionary work of Christian apologetics composed at the precise moment when Christian thought needed to be intellectually creative in order to master and assimilate the intelligence and wisdom of the Greeks and the Arabs. In the Summa, Aquinas works to save and purify the thought of the Greeks and the Arabs in the higher light of Christian Revelation, confident than all that had been rational in the ancient philosophers and their followers would become more rational within Christianity.

This exposition and defense of divine truth has two main parts: the consideration of that truth which faith professes and reason investigates, and the consideration of the truth which faith professes and reason is not competent to investigate. The exposition of truths accessible to natural reason occupies Aquinas in the first three books of the Summa. His method is to bring forward demonstrative and probable arguments, some of wh

Introduction

(18)

Bibliography

(6)

1. Foreword

(5)

2. That there is generation, paternity, and sonship in the Divinity

(2)

3. That the Son of God is God

(1)

4. The opinion of Photinus on the Son of God, and its refutation

(5)

5. The opinion of Sabellius on the Son of God, and its refutation

(3)

6. The opinion of Arius about the Son of God

(4)

7. Refutation of the opinion of Arius on the Son of God

(7)

8. Solution of the authorities which Arius proposed for himself

(11)

9. Solution of the authorities of Photinus and of Sabellius

(2)

10. Arguments against divine generation and procession

(4)

11. How generation is to be understood in divinity, and what is said of the Son of God in Scripture

(11)

12. How the Son of God may be called the wisdom of God

(2)

13. That there is but one Son in the Divinity

(5)

14. Solution of the arguments against divine generation previously introduced

(7)

15. On the Holy Spirit, that He is in divinity

104

(1)

16. Arguments which made some think the Holy Spirit a Creature

104

(3)

17. That the Holy Spirit is true God

107

(6)

18. That the Holy Spirit is a subsistent Person

113

(3)

19. How one must understand what is said about the Holy Spirit

116

(3)

20. On the effects attributed to the Holy Spirit in Scripture regarding the whole creation

119

(2)

21. On the effects attributed to the Holy Spirit in Scripture regarding the rational creature, so far as God's gifts to us are concerned

121

(4)

22. On the effects attributed to the Holy Spirit in that He moves the creature to God

125

(2)

23. An answer to the arguments given above against the divinity of the Holy Spirit

127

(6)

24. That the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Son

133

(8)

25. Arguments of those who want to show that the Holy Spirit does not proceed from the Son and the answers

141

(2)

26. That there are but three Persons in divinity: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit

143

(4)

27. On the Incarnation of the Word according to the tradition of Scripture

147

(1)

28. On the error of Photinus about the Incarnation

148

(1)

29. On the error of the Manicheans about the Incarnation

149

(5)

30. On the error of Valentine about the Incarnation

154

(2)

31. On the error of Apollinaris about the body of Christ

156

(2)

32. On the error of Arius and Apollinaris about the soul of Christ

158

(3)

33. On the error of Apollinaris, who says there was no rational soul in Christ; and the error of Origen, who says the soul of Christ was created before the world

161

(2)

34. On the error of Theodore of Mopsueste and Nestorius on the union of the Word to man

163

(11)

35. Against the error of Eutyches

174

(6)

36. On the error of Macarius of Antioch, who holds there is but one will in Christ

180

(2)

37. Against those who said that the soul and body do not constitute a unity in Christ

182

(3)

38. Against those who put two supposits or hypostases in the one Person of Christ

185

(4)

39. What the Catholic faith holds about the Incarnation of Christ

189

(1)

40. Objections against faith in the Incarnation

190

(3)

41. How one should understand the Incarnation of the Son of God

193

(5)

42. That the assumption of human nature was most suited to the Word of God

198

(1)

43. That the human nature assumed by the Word did not pre-exist its assumption, but was assumed in the conception itself

199

(2)

44. That the human nature assumed by the Word in the conception itself was perfect in soul and body

201

(1)

45. That it became Christ to be born of a virgin

202

(3)

46. That Christ was born of the Holy Spirit

205

(1)

47. That Christ was not the son of the Holy Spirit in the flesh

206

(1)

48. That Christ must not be called a creature

207

(1)

49. Solution of the arguments against the Incarnation given above

208

(4)

50. That original sin is transmitted from the first parent to his descendants

212

(3)

51. Objections against original sin

215

(2)

52. Solution of the objections proposed

217

(6)

53. Arguments which seem to prove that God's Incarnation was not suitable

223

(5)

54. That it was suitable for God to be made flesh

228

(5)

55. Answer to the arguments previously set down against the suitability of the Incarnation

233

(13)

56. On the necessity of the sacraments

246

(2)

57. The distinction of the sacraments of the Old and the New Law

248

(1)

58. On the number of the sacraments of the New Law

249

(1)

59. On baptism

250

(1)

60. On confirmation

251

(1)

61. On the Eucharist

252

(1)

62. On the error of the infidels about the sacrament of the Eucharist

253

(4)

63. Solution of the difficulties set down: first, about the conversion of the bread into the body of Christ

257

(4)

64. Solution of the objections made regarding place

261

(1)

65. Solution of the objections regarding accidents

262

(2)

66. Solution of the objections regarding action and passion

264

(3)

67. Solution of the objections regarding fraction

267

(1)

68. Solution of the authority introduced

268

(1)

69. On the kind of bread and wine that are to be used in this sacrament

269

(3)

70. On the sacrament of penance, and, first, that men after receiving sacramental grace are able to sin

272

(3)

71. That a man sinning after the grace of the sacraments can be converted by grace

275

(2)

72. On the necessity of penance and of its parts

277

(5)

73. On the sacrament of extreme unction

282

(3)

74. On the sacrament of orders

285

(3)

75. On the distinction of orders

288

(2)

76. On the episcopal power and that therein one is the highest

290

(3)

77. That the sacraments can be dispensed by evil ministers

293

(2)

78. On the sacrament of matrimony

295

(2)

79. That through Christ the resurrection of bodies is to come

297

(3)

80. Objections against the resurrection

300

(2)

81. Solution of the objections mentioned

302

(6)

82. That men will rise immortal

308

(3)

83. That among the risen there will be no use of food or sexual love

311

(10)

84. That the bodies of those who rise will be the same in nature

320

(3)

85. That the bodies of the risen will have another disposition

323

(2)

86. On the quality of glorified bodies

325

(2)

87. On the place of the glorified bodies

327

(1)

88. On the sex and age of the risen

328

(2)

89. On the quality of the riseu bodies among the damned

330

(2)

90. How incorporeal substances may suffer from bodily fire

332

(2)

91. That immediately after their separation from the body the souls will receive punishment or reward

334

(4)

92. That the souls of the saints have after death an unchangeable will in the good

338

(3)

93. That after death the souls of the wicked have a will unchangeable in evil

341

(1)

94. On the immutability of will in souls detained in purgatory

342

(1)

95. On the immutability of wills commonly in all souls after their separation from the body

343

(2)

96. On the last judgment

345

(1)

97. On the state of the world after the judgment

346

(5)

Subject Index

351

(6)

Index of Proper Names

357

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Summa Contra Gentiles

Summary

Table of Contents

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