Synoptic and Dynamic Climatology

This book provides the first comprehensive account of the dynamical behaviour and mechanisms of the global climate system and its components, together with a modern survey of synoptic-scale weather systems in the tropics and extratropics.

List of plates

viii

Preface

ix

Acknowledgments

xi

PART 1 The climate system and its study

1

(106)

Introduction

3

(13)

The global climate system

3

(7)

Time and space scales of weather and climate processes

10

(3)

Dynamic and synoptic climatology

13

(1)

The structure of the book

14

(2)

Climate data and their analysis

16

(91)

Synoptic meteorological data

16

(1)

Remotely sensed data

17

(14)

Climate variables and their statistical description

31

(9)

Analytical tools for spatial data

40

(23)

Time series

63

(15)

Empirical orthogonal function analysis, clustering, and classification

78

(29)

Eulerian and Lagrangian methods

84

(23)

PART 2 Dynamic climatology

107

(332)

Global climate and the general circulation

109

(154)

Planetary controls

109

(4)

Basic controls of the atmospheric circulation and its maintenance

113

(30)

Circulation cells

143

(10)

The Earth's geography

153

(2)

Climate system feedbacks

155

(6)

General circulation models

161

(5)

The global circulation - description

166

(43)

Centers of action

209

(14)

Global climatic features

223

(12)

Air masses

235

(28)

Potential vorticity

240

(23)

Large-scale circulation and climatic characteristics

263

(95)

Time-averaged circulation

263

(7)

Jetstreams

270

(8)

Planetary waves

278

(24)

Zonal index

302

(6)

Zonal and blocking flow modes

308

(5)

Blocking mechanisms

313

(9)

Low-frequency circulation variability and persistence

322

(10)

Intraseasonal oscillations

332

(26)

Spectral harmonic functions

340

(1)

Eliassen-Palm flux

341

(1)

Normal modes

342

(16)

Global teleconnections

358

(81)

Pressure oscillations and teleconnection patterns

358

(3)

The Southern Oscillation and El Nino

361

(15)

ENSO mechanisms

376

(8)

Teleconnections with ENSO

384

(12)

Extratropical teleconnection patterns

396

(1)

North Atlantic Oscillation

397

(6)

North Pacific Oscillation

403

(1)

Zonally symmetric oscillations

404

(4)

The southern hemisphere

408

(2)

Tropical-extratropical teleconnections

410

(4)

Teleconnections and synoptic-scale activity

414

(1)

Time-scale aspects of teleconnections

414

(4)

Interannual to interdecadal oscillations

418

(21)

Partitioning between equatorially symmetric and antisymmetric components

424

(15)

PART 3 Synoptic climatology

439

(167)

Synoptic systems

441

(106)

Early studies of extratropical systems

441

(1)

Climatology of cyclones and anticyclone

442

(8)

Development of cyclones

450

(15)

Storm tracks

465

(11)

Satellite-based climatologies of synoptic features

476

(30)

Synoptic-scale systems in the tropics

506

(41)

The Q-vector formulation

524

(23)

Synoptic climatology and its applications

547

(57)

Roger G. Barry

Allen H. Perry

Synoptic pattern classification

547

(2)

Subjective typing procedures

549

(2)

Objective typing procedures

551

(10)

Principal catalogs and their uses

561

(13)

Regional applications

574

(4)

Analogs

578

(1)

Seasonal structure

578

(9)

Climatic trends

587

(2)

Environmental applications

589

(15)

Retrospect and prospect

604

(2)

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Synoptic and Dynamic Climatology

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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