Syntax: A Generative Introduction, 2nd Edition

, by Andrew Carnie (University of Arizona)

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ISBN: 9781405133845 | 1405133848
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 9/1/2006

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Building on the success of the bestselling first edition, the second edition of this textbook provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the major issues in Principles and Parameters syntactic theory, including phrase structure, the lexicon, case theory, movement, and locality conditions. Unique among syntax texts, this book also contains short chapters on both HPSG and LFG. Syntax succeeds in strengthening the reader's foundational knowledge and prepares them for more advanced study. The fully revised second edition includes:--Extended discussion in the foundational chapters including many more sample trees.-New and extended problem sets in every chapter, all of which have been annotated for level and skill type.-A new foundational chapter on parts of speech.-Three new chapters on advanced topics including vP shells, object shells, control, gapping and ellipsis and an additional chapter on advanced topics in binding.Syntax, Second edition is supported by an instructor's manual and online resources for students and instructors, available at www.blackwellpublishing.com/carnie.

Preface and Acknowledgments

Part 1 Preliminaries

(150)

1 Generative Grammar

(34)

0. Preliminaries

(1)

1. Syntax as a Cognitive Science

(1)

2. Modeling Syntax

(1)

3. Syntax as Science — the Scientific Method

(8)

3.1 An Example of the Scientific Method as Applied to Syntax

(3)

3.2 Sources of Data

(2)

4. Where do the Rules Come From?

(10)

4.1 Learning vs. Acquisition

(1)

4.2 Innateness: Language as an Instinct

(1)

4.3 The Logical Problem of Language Acquisition

(4)

4.4 Other Arguments for UG

(3)

4.5 Explaining Language Variation

(2)

5. Choosing among Theories about Syntax

(1)

6. The Scientific Method and the Structure of this Textbook

(2)

7. Summary

(1)

Ideas Introduced in this Chapter

(2)

Further Reading

(1)

General Problem Sets

(2)

Challenge Problem Sets

(6)

2 Parts of Speech

(26)

0. Words and Why They Matter to Syntax

(1)

1. Determining Part of Speech

(3)

1.1 The Problem of Traditional Definitions

(2)

1.2 Distributional Criteria

(1)

2. The Major Parts of Speech: N, V, Adj, and Adv

(4)

2.1 Nouns

(1)

2.2 Verbs

(1)

2.3 Adjectives

(1)

2.4 Adverbs

(1)

3. Open vs. Closed; Lexical vs. Functional

(3)

3.1 Open vs. Closed Parts of Speech

(1)

3.2 Lexical vs. Functional

(1)

3.3 Some Functional (Closed) Categories of English

(2)

3.4 Summary

(1)

4. Subcategories and Features

(6)

4.1 Subcategories of Nouns

(1)

4.2 Subcategories of Verbs

(4)

5. Summary

(1)

Ideas Introduced in this Chapter

(2)

Further Reading

(1)

General Problem Sets

(4)

Challenge Problem Sets

(3)

3 Constituency, Trees, and Rules

(40)

0. Introduction

(3)

1. Rules and Trees

(15)

1.1 Noun Phrases (NPs)

(2)

1.2 Adjective Phrases (AdjPs) and Adverb Phrases (AdvPs)

(3)

1.3 Prepositional Phrases (PPs)

(1)

1.4 Verb Phrases (VPs)

(2)

1.5 Clauses

(5)

1.6 Summary

(2)

2. How to Draw a Tree

(6)

2.1 Bottom-up Trees

(3)

2.2 The Top-down Method of Drawing Trees

(2)

2.3 Bracketed Diagrams

(1)

3. Modification and Ambiguity

(1)

4. Constituency Tests

(3)

5. Summary and Conclusion

(1)

Appendix: How to Do Foreign Language PSR Problems

(3)

A1. Doing problems with word-by-word glosses

(2)

A2. Doing problems without word-by-word glosses

(1)

Ideas Introduced in this Chapter

(1)

Further Reading

(1)

General Problem Sets

(5)

Challenge Problem Sets

101

(2)

4 Structural Relations

103

(32)

0. Introduction

103

(1)

1. The Parts of a Tree

104

(2)

2. Domination

106

(4)

2.1 Domination

106

(1)

2.2 Exhaustive Domination

107

(2)

2.3 Immediate Domination

109

(1)

3. Precedence

110

(3)

4. C-command

113

(5)

5. Grammatical Relations

118

(3)

6. Summary and Conclusions

121

(1)

Ideas Introduced in this Chapter

121

(3)

Further Reading

124

(1)

General Problem Sets

124

(8)

Challenge Problem Sets

132

(3)

5 Binding Theory

135

(16)

0. introduction

135

(2)

1. The Notions Coindex and Antecedent

137

(1)

2. Binding

138

(3)

3. Locality Conditions on the Binding of Anaphors

141

(1)

4. The Distribution of Pronouns

142

(1)

5. The Distribution of R-expressions

143

(1)

6. Conclusion

144

(1)

Ideas Introduced in this Chapter

145

(1)

Further Reading

146

(1)

General Problem Sets

146

(1)

Challenge Problem Sets

147

(4)

Part 2 The Base

151

(90)

6 X-bar Theory

153

(44)

0. Introduction

153

(2)

1. Bar-level Projections

155

(5)

1.1 V-bar

156

(2)

1.2 Adj-bar and Adv-bar

158

(2)

1.3 P-bar

160

(1)

2. Generalizing the Rules: The X-bar Schema

160

(3)

3. Complements, Adjuncts, and Specifiers

163

(10)

3.1 Complements and Adjuncts in NPs

165

(5)

3.2 Complements and Adjuncts in. VPs, AdjPs, AdvPs, and PPs

170

(2)

3.3 The Notion Specifier

172

(1)

4. Some Definitional Housekeeping

173

(1)

5. Parameters of Word Order

174

(3)

6. Drawing Trees in X-bar Notation

177

(10)

6.1 Important Considerations in Tree Drawing

177

(3)

6.2 A Sample Tree

180

(7)

7. X-bar Theory: A Summary

187

(1)

Ideas Introduced in this Chapter

188

(1)

Further Reading

189

(1)

General Problem Sets

190

(4)

Challenge Problem Sets

194

(3)

7 Extending X-bar Theory to Functional Categories

197

(22)

0. Introduction

197

(1)

1. Determiner Phrases (DPs)

198

(3)

2. A Descriptive Tangent into Clause Types

201

(5)

3. Complementizer Phrases (CPs)

206

(4)

4. Tense Phrases (TPs)

210

(2)

5. CP, TP, DP Tree

212

(1)

Ideas Introduced in this Chapter

213

(1)

Further Reading

214

(1)

General Problem Sets

214

(2)

Challenge Problem Sets

216

(3)

8 Constraining X-bar Theory: The Lexicon

219

(22)

0. Introduction

219

(1)

1. Some Basic Terminology

220

(1)

2. Thematic Relations and Theta Roles

221

(5)

3. The Lexicon

226

(2)

4. Expletives and the Extended Projection Principle

228

(2)

5. Summary

230

(1)

Ideas Introduced in this Chapter

230

(2)

Further Reading

232

(1)

General Problem Sets

232

(4)

Challenge Problem Sets

236

(5)

Part 3 Movement

241

(132)

9 Head-to-Head Movement

243

(42)

0. Introduction

243

(3)

1. Verb Movement (V->T)

246

(14)

1.1 French

246

(8)

1.2 Irish

254

(6)

2. T Movement (T->C)

260

(3)

3. Do-support

263

(2)

4. Multiple Auxiliaries and Affix-hopping in English

265

(6)

4.1 Multiple Auxiliaries

265

(3)

4.2 Affix-hopping

268

(3)

5. Summary

271

(1)

Appendix: Tests for Determining if a Language has V->T or Affix Lowering

272

(1)

Ideas Introduced in this Chapter

272

(1)

Further Reading

273

(1)

General Problem Sets

274

(5)

Challenge Problem Sets

279

(6)

10 DP Movement

285

(32)

0. Introduction

285

(1)

1. A Puzzle for the Theory of Theta Roles

285

(6)

2. Passives

291

(4)

3. Case

295

(5)

4. Raising: Reprise

300

(2)

5. Passives: Reprise

302

(2)

6. Closing Up a Loose End

304

(2)

7. Conclusion

306

(1)

Ideas Introduced in this Chapter

306

(1)

Further Reading

307

(1)

General Problem Sets

307

(6)

Challenge Problem Sets

313

(4)

11 Wh-movement

317

(36)

0. Introduction

317

(1)

1. Movement in Wh-questions

318

(16)

2. Islands

334

(3)

3. The Minimal Link Condition

337

(5)

3.1 Wh-islands and the Minimal Link Condition

337

(2)

3.2 The MLC in DP Movement and Head Movement

339

(3)

4. Echo Questions (Wh-in-situ) in English

342

(1)

5. Conclusion

343

(1)

Ideas Introduced in this Chapter

344

(1)

Further Reading

345

(1)

General Problem Sets

346

(2)

Challenge Problem Sets

348

(5)

12 A Unified Theory of Movement

353

(20)

0. Introduction

353

(2)

1. Move

355

(4)

2. Explaining Cross-linguistic Differences

359

(5)

3. Scope, Covert Movement, and the MLC

364

(4)

3.1 MLC Effects in Wh-in-situ Languages

364

(1)

3.2 English Quantifiers and Scope

365

(3)

4. Conclusion

368

(1)

Ideas Introduced in this Chapter

368

(1)

Further Reading

369

(1)

General Problem Sets

369

(1)

Challenge Problem Sets

370

(3)

Part 4 Advanced Topics

373

(62)

13 Expanded VPs

375

(20)

0. Introduction

375

(1)

1. The Problem of Ditransitive Verbs

375

(2)

2. Light Verbs

377

(3)

3. Object Shift

380

(5)

4. Ditransitives: Reprise

385

(4)

Ideas Introduced in this Chapter

389

(1)

Further Reading

389

(1)

General Problem Sets

390

(2)

Challenge Problem Sets

392

(3)

14 Raising, Control, and Empty Categories

395

(28)

0. Introduction

395

(1)

1. Raising vs. Control

396

(9)

1.1 Two Kinds of Theta Grids for Main Predicates

396

(7)

1.2 Distinguishing Raising from Control

403

(2)

1.3 What is PRO?

405

(1)

2. Two Kinds of Raising, Two Kinds of Control

405

(7)

2.1 Two Kinds of Raising

405

(4)

2.2 Two Kinds of Control

409

(1)

2.3 Summary of Predicate Types

410

(2)

3. Control Theory

412

(4)

4. Another Kind of Null Subject: "Little" pro

416

(1)

5. Summary

417

(1)

Ideas Introduced in this Chapter

417

(2)

Further Reading

419

(1)

General Problem Sets

419

(3)

Challenge Problem Sets

422

(1)

15 Advanced Topics in Binding Theory

423

(12)

0. A Quick Review of Chapter 5 Binding Theory

423

(1)

1. Levels of Representation

424

(2)

2. The Definition of Binding Domain

426

(6)

2.1 A Miscellany of Domain Violations

426

(1)

2.2 Anaphors

427

(3)

2.3 Pronouns

430

(2)

Ideas Introduced in this Chapter

432

(1)

Further Reading

433

(1)

General Problem Sets

433

(1)

Challenge Problem Sets

434

(1)

Part 5 Alternatives

435

(38)

16 Lexical-Functional Grammar

437

(18)

0. Alternative Theories

437

(1)

1. C-structure

438

(1)

2. Functions

439

(1)

3. The Lexicon

440

(1)

4. F-structure

441

(4)

4.1 Why F-structures?

444

(1)

5. Assorted Phenomena

445

(5)

5.1 Head Mobility

446

(1)

5.2 Passives

447

(1)

5.3 Raising and Control

447

(3)

5.4 Wh-movement: Long Distance Dependencies

450

(1)

6. Conclusion

450

(1)

Ideas Introduced in this Chapter

451

(1)

Further Reading

452

(1)

General Problem Set

453

(1)

Challenge Problem Sets

453

(2)

17 Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar

455

(18)

0. Introduction

455

(1)

1. Features

456

(3)

2. The Lexicon

459

(2)

3. Rules, Features, and Trees

461

(4)

4. Binding

465

(1)

5. Long Distance Dependencies

465

(2)

Ideas Introduced in this Chapter

467

(3)

Further Reading

470

(1)

General Problem Set

470

(1)

Challenge Problem Sets

471

(2)

Conclusions and Directions for Further Study

473

(2)

References

475

(7)

Index

482

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Syntax: A Generative Introduction, 2nd Edition

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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