The Talmud Law, Theology, Narrative A

The Talmud is important because it sets forth the law and theology of Judaism in its authoritative statement, continuing for centuries to attract commentators, and forming the curriculum for the culture of Judaism. In these pages, important and representative compositions afford an encounter with this classic, ancient document in its own terms and framework, but in English translation.

PREFACE

ix

INTRODUCING THE TALMUD

xi

i. The Center and Source of Judaism

xi

ii. What is the Talmud?

xii

iii. Positioning the Talmud in the History of Judaism

xiii

iv. How the Talmud came into existence: The Mishnah

xiv

v. The Tractates and Topics covered by the Mishnah

xvii

vi. The Talmud's Program: From topical traditions to coherent system

xxiv

vii. The Method of the Talmud: Logical analysis and the dispute

xxvii

viii. When and Why the Talmud Came to Closure

xxxi

ix. The Selections in this anthology

xxxiii

x. Why does the Talmud command a hearing?

xxxiii

THE TEXT AND THE TRANSLATION

1

(4)

LAW

1. "AN EYE FOR AN EYE"

5

(12)

BAVLI BABA QAMMA 8:1/83B-84B

2. "IN THE CASE OF ANYTHING OF WHICH I AM LIABLE TO TAKE CARE, I AM DEEMED TO RENDER POSSIBLE WHATEVER DAMAGE IT MAY DO"

17

(10)

BAVLI BABA QAMMA 1:2/9B-11 A

3. "HE WHO STEALS FOOD AND FEEDS WHAT HE STOLE TO HIS CHILDREN, OR LEFT IT TO THEM - THEY ARE EXEMPT FROM MAKING RESTITUTION"

27

(10)

BAVLI BABA QAMMA 10:1/111B-113A

4. "ATONING THROUGH THE DEATH PENALTY"

37

(8)

BAVLI SANHEDRIN 6:2/42B-44A

5. "EVEN THOUGH THESE DECLARE PROHIBITED AND THOSE PERMIT, THESE DECLARE INVALID AND THOSE DECLARE VALID, THE HOUSE OF SHAMMAI DID NOT REFRAIN FROM TAKING WIVES FROM THE WOMEN OF THE HOUSE OF HILLEL, NOR DID THE HOUSE OF HILLEL REFRAIN FROM TAKING WIVES FROM THE WOMEN OF THE HOUSE OF SHAMMAI"

45

(12)

6. "FOR TRANSGRESSIONS DONE BETWEEN MAN AND THE OMNIPRESENT, THE DAY OF ATONEMENT ATONES. FOR TRANSGRESSIONS BETWEEN MAN AND MAN, THE DAY OF ATONEMENT ATONES, ONLY IF THE MAN WILL REGAIN THE GOOD WILL OF HIS FRIEND:" REPENTANCE AND ATONEMENT

57

(18)

BAVLIYOMA 8:8-9/86A-88A

7. "IN EVERY GENERATION A PERSON IS DUTY-BOUND TO CONCEIVE THAT HE OR SHE PERSONALLY HAS GONE FORTH FROM EGYPT." PASSOVER: THE SEDER. HALLEL

75

(16)

BAVLI PESAHIM 10:5-6/116A-119A

8. MEETING GOD IN THE TEMPLE OF JERUSALEM: CELEBRATION OF THE FESTIVALS IN ACCORD WITH THE LAW

91

(14)

BAVLI SUKKAH 5:1-4/51A-53B

9. "A MAN SHOULD ALWAYS TEACH HIS SON A CLEAN AND EASY TRADE"

105

BAVLI QIDDUSHIN 4:14/82A-82B

THEOLOGY

10. "ALL ISRAEL HAS A PORTION IN THE WORLD TO COME"

109

(14)

BAVLI SANHEDRIN 11:1-2/90A-92A

11. "WHEN WILL THE MESSIAH COME?"

123

(16)

BAVLISANHEDRIN 11:1-2/96B-99A

12. "BY THAT SAME MEASURE BY WHICH A MAN METES OUT TO OTHERS, WITH THAT MEASURE DO THEY METE OUT TO HIM"

139

(14)

BAVLISOTAH 1:7-9/9B-14A

13. "BLESSINGS FOR GOOD TIDINGS AND BAD"

153

(18)

BAVLIBERAKHOT 9: 1-5/54A-58A

14. "THE RIGHTEOUS PERSON LIVES BY HIS FAITH"

171

(8)

BAVLI MAKKOT 3:15-16/23A-24B

15. "A GENERATION THAT WAS HUMILIATED BY ITS SIN YOU SAVED BY YOUR PRAYER:" WONDER-WORKING SAGES

179

(16)

NAVLI TAANIT 3"1-11/23A-25A

16. "WHOEVER REFLECTS UPON FOUR THINGS - WHAT IS ABOVE, WHAT IS BELOW, WHAT IS BEFORE, AND WHAT IS BEYOND - IT WOULD HAVE BEEN A MERCY HAD HE NOT BEEN BORN"

195

(8)

BAVLI HAGIGAH 14B-15B

17. "BEFORE THE FESTIVALS OF GENTILES FOR THREE DAYS IT IS FORBIDDEN TO DO BUSINESS WITH THEM. TO LEND ANYTHING TO THEM OR TO BORROW ANYTHING FROM THEM. (2) To LEND MONEY TO THEM OR TO BORROW MONEY FROM THEM. (3) To REPAY THEM OR TO BE REPAID BY THEM:" A THEOLOGY OF GENTILE IDOLATRY, ITS ORIGINS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR HOLY ISRAEL

203

(16)

BAVLI ABODAH ZARAH 1:1/2A-4A

NARRATIVES

18. "SO HE WENT OFF TO ALEXANDRIA IN EGYPT AND THERE HE BUILT AN ALTAR AND PRESENTED ON IT BURNT OFFERINGS FOR IDOLS:" THE HOUSE OF ONIAS AND THE SANCTUARY OF JERUSALEM

219

(10)

BAVLI MENAHOT 13:10/109A-110A

19. "THE LAW CONCERNING THE USURPING OCCUPANT:" ADAPTING TO HISTORICAL EVENTS

229

(18)

BAVLI GITTIN 5:6/55B-57B

20. "MY MASTER IN WISDOM, AND MY DISCIPLE IN ACCEPTING MY RULINGS:" RESOLVING CONFLICT IN THE LAW

247

BAVLI ROSH HASHANAH 2:8-9/25A-25B

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