Teaching English as an International Language

This series offers useful references for language teachers, teacher trainers, and trainees. English is the major language of international communication, and everyone wants to learn it. But which English, and how? This book provides an accessible overview of this increasingly important field.

Acknowledgments

vii

Introduction

1

(4)

English as an international language

5

(22)

Defining an international language

5

(10)

Numbers of users and official recognition

5

(6)

Features of an international language

11

(4)

Reasons for the spread of English

15

(4)

Factors that may impede the spread of English

19

(1)

Negative effects of the spread of English

20

(4)

Summary

24

(3)

Further reading

25

(2)

Bilingual users of English

27

(22)

Defining a native speaker

28

(4)

Bilingual users of English

32

(6)

Bilingual users of English in Inner Circle countries

34

(1)

Bilingual users of English in Outer Circle countries

35

(2)

Bilingual users of English in Expanding Circle countries

37

(1)

Redefining English as an International Language

38

(1)

Problems of using a native speaker model in research

39

(2)

Bilingual teachers of English

41

(4)

Summary

45

(4)

Further reading

46

(3)

Standards for English as an international language

49

(32)

Language standards and English as an international language

49

(4)

The debate over standards in English as an international language

50

(1)

Defining Standard English

51

(1)

The question of intelligibility

52

(1)

Language change and varieties of English

53

(5)

Attitudes toward varieties of English

54

(4)

Distinctive linguistic features of varieties of English

58

(14)

Lexical variation

60

(2)

Grammatical variation

62

(7)

Phonological variation

69

(3)

Pragmatic and rhetorical standards in English as an international language

72

(6)

Pragmatic competence

73

(3)

Rhetorical competence

76

(2)

Summary

78

(3)

Further reading

79

(2)

Culture in teaching English as an international language

81

(22)

The role of culture in language teaching

82

(2)

Rationales for culture learning

84

(4)

Cultural content in language teaching materials

88

(9)

Target culture materials

88

(2)

Source culture materials

90

(1)

International target culture materials

91

(2)

A reflective approach to cultural content

93

(4)

The role of culture in discourse communities

97

(2)

Summary

99

(4)

Further reading

100

(3)

Teaching methods and English as an international language

103

(22)

A culture of learning

104

(3)

The spread of English and communicative language teaching

107

(4)

Challenges to the use of communicative language teaching

111

(5)

Toward an appropriate methodology for English as an international language

116

(5)

Summary

121

(4)

Further reading

122

(3)

Conclusion: rethinking goals and approaches

125

(6)

Toward a comprehensive theory of teaching and learning English as an International Language

125

(2)

Teaching goals for English as an International Language

127

(1)

Approaches to the teaching of English as an International Language

128

(3)

Glossary

131

(4)

Bibliography

135

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Teaching English as an International Language Rethinking Goals and Approaches

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials