Technology and Innovation in Japan: Policy and Management for the Twenty First Century

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ISBN: 9780415191524 | 0415191521
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 9/18/1998

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The contributors show that long-awaited changes to technology policy and corporate strategy are now taking place in Japan. They consider institutional structyre and technology policy, organizational and managerial changes, and changes to business-government relations.

List of figures

(2)

List of tables

xii

(2)

List of contributors

xiv

(1)

Foreword

(2)

Acknowledgements

xvii

PART I Introduction

(20)

1 The Japanese system of technology and innovation: preparing for the twenty-first century

(18)

MARTIN HEMMERT

CHRISTIAN OBERLANDER

Fundamental change, gradual evolution, or stagnation?

(2)

Institutional structure and Policy process

(4)

Organization, management and business-government relations

(7)

Trends at the dawn of the twenty-first century: challenges and perspectives

(1)

References

(4)

PART II Institutional structure and technology policy

(38)

2 Restructuring basic, applied and developmental research: changes in allocation of R&D resources

(14)

TOMOHIRO IJICHI

AKIRA GOTO

Introduction

(1)

The changing nature of R&D in Japan

(7)

Recent government policies to promote basic research

(1)

Discussion

(3)

Notes

(1)

References

(1)

3 The interaction between technology and economy: has the `virtuous cycle' of Japan's technological innovation system collapsed?

(22)

CHIHIRO WATANABE

MARTIN HEMMERT

Introduction

(1)

The role of technology in Japan's economic development

(4)

The contribution of the institutional environment and of science and technology policy

(8)

The paradigm change in Japan's industrial technology

(4)

Summary and implications: Japan's technology innovation system at the crossroads

(1)

Notes

(1)

References

(4)

PART III Organization, management and business-government relations

(112)

4 Higher education in Japan from the perspective of R&D

(9)

SHINICHI YAMAMOTO

Introduction

(1)

Brief history of the Japanese higher education system after the Second World War

(2)

The relation between research and teaching

(2)

Improvement of research bases and organizational structures

(2)

Concluding remarks: the change of orientation of the higher education system

(1)

References

(1)

5 Internationalizing Japanese science

(17)

BRENDAN BARKER

Introduction

(1)

The current status of Japanese science

(4)

Weaknesses in the Japanese research system

(3)

Improving the quality of Japanese science

(4)

Promoting the internationalization of Japanese science

(2)

Conclusion

(1)

References

(2)

6 Organizational innovation in Japanese basic research: from bureaucracy to dynamic network

(28)

KEN KUSUNOKI

Introduction: problems and challenges in Japanese basic research organizations

(2)

Research method

(3)

Bureaucratic organization versus dynamic network organization: overall description of managerial characteristics in ERATO and MITI-L

(7)

Professional communication and performance

(10)

Implications

109

(3)

Appendix

112

(1)

References

112

(3)

7 The Japanese business system for creation and diffusion of technological knowledge: time for change?

115

(14)

HIROYUKI ODAGIRI

Introduction: the nature of technology

115

(1)

The development of technological capabilities in Japan

116

(2)

Technology and the business system

118

(3)

Estimated intra- and inter-industry spillovers

121

(2)

Time for change?

123

(3)

Notes

126

(1)

References

126

(3)

8 Reorganization of R&D in Japanese manufacturing firms: preserving competitiveness for the twenty-first century

129

(22)

MARTIN HEMMERT

Introduction: challenges for Japanese industrial R&D in the 1990s

129

(2)

Quantitative analysis: Japanese industrial R&D in the 1990s

131

(4)

R&D reorganization strategies of Japanese manufacturing firms in the 1990s

135

(10)

Conclusions and implications

145

(2)

Notes

147

(1)

References

148

(3)

9 Collaborative research in Japan and the West: a case study of Britain's response to MITI's Fifth Generation Computer Initiative

151

(20)

TIM RAY

Introduction

151

(3)

Some differences between Japanese and British knowledge creating systems

154

(4)

The changing role of MITI's computer RAs

158

(2)

A new era for Japanese science policy

160

(1)

Britain's response: the Alvey Program

161

(2)

Why collaborate?

163

(1)

Conclusion

164

(2)

Notes

166

(1)

References

167

(4)

PART IV Major fields of science and technology

171

(77)

10 R&D in Japan's pharmaceutical industry: the biological revolution, gene therapy and public policy

173

(21)

CHRISTIAN OBERLANDER

Introduction

173

(1)

Japan's pharmaceutical R&D and MHW's research promotion policy

173

(9)

Gene therapy--future or end for Japan's pharmaceutical industry?

182

(7)

R&D policy for the drugs of the twenty-first century?

189

(2)

References

191

(3)

11 R&D consortia in the 1990s: national competitiveness and international cooperation in the case of semiconductors

194

(20)

KOKI INOUE

Introduction

194

(1)

Japanese chip makers' R&D restructuring

195

(4)

Rebirth of R&D consortia--private and public

199

(9)

The case for international coordination

208

(2)

Conclusions and some implications: the case of semiconductors and beyond

210

(1)

Notes

211

(1)

References

211

(1)

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Technology and Innovation in Japan: Policy and Management for the Twenty First Century

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Technology and Innovation in Japan: Policy and Management for the Twenty First Century

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