Telecommunications Technology Handbook

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ISBN: 9781580535281 | 1580535283
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 9/1/2003

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The telecommunications industry is going through challenging times, and this extensively revised second edition of the bestselling Telecommunications Technology Handbook is the resource you need to meet these challenges head on and to thrive in today's telecom industry. To forecast market demand accurately and predictably, you can turn to the new section on marketing analysis techniques and market data sampling. Broadband, Ethernet, and wireless are emerging as de facto transmission technologies for enterprise networks, and new extensive coverage of these transmission technologies provides the hands-on knowledge you need to keep your career and your organization's networking architecture on track.

Preface

xiii

Acknowledgments

1 Introduction and Overview

(33)

1.1 Introduction

(11)

1.1.1 Segmentation

(4)

1.1.2 Our Investigation

(2)

1.2 Protocol Model Baseline

(3)

1.2.1 Protocol Framework

(3)

1.2.2 Some Notable Trends

(1)

1.3 Some Modeling Considerations

(19)

1.3.1 Size of U.S. Industry

(8)

1.3.2 Growth of the Internet During the Late 1990's into the Early 2000's

(5)

1.3.3 Growth of Wireless During the Late 1990's and Early 2000's

(2)

1.3.4 Wireless Internet

(4)

1.4 Rest of the Book

(1)

Endnotes

(4)

Appendix 1A: One View on Regulation

(3)

2 Optics Technologies

(28)

2.1 Transmission Systems

(3)

2.2 Optical Fibers

(9)

2.2.1 Fiber-Optic Medium Performance

(1)

2.2.2 Dispersion Compensation Approaches

(4)

2.2.3 Fiber Products

(2)

2.3 Fiber-Optic Elements

(15)

2.3.1 Optical Transmitters

(2)

2.3.2 Fiber-Optic Receivers

(1)

2.3.3 WDM Elements

(2)

2.3.4 Regenerators and Optical Amplifiers

(2)

2.3.5 Optical Network Elements in Common Use

(7)

2.3.6 Applications

(2)

Endnotes

(1)

3 All-Optical Networks

(30)

3.1 Introduction

(4)

3.2 Motivations, Goals, and Approaches

(4)

3.3 OTN Standards Support

(7)

3.4 Introductory Concepts

(3)

3.4.1 Evolutionary Approach

(2)

3.4.2 Framework

(1)

3.5 Basic OTN Technical Concepts

(5)

3.6 Implementations

(3)

3.7 Other Developments

(1)

Endnotes

(3)

4 Intelligent Optical Networks and GMPLS

(34)

4.1 ION Overview

100

(12)

4.1.1 Framework

100

(10)

4.1.2 Positioning of GMPLS in ASTN/ASON

110

(2)

4.2 ION Concepts

112

(17)

4.2.1 Introduction

112

(1)

4.2.2 ASON Architecture Principles

113

(2)

4.2.3 ASON Control Plane Requirements

115

(1)

4.2.4 ASON Functional Architecture

116

(1)

4.2.5 ASON Reference Points and GMPLS Protocols

117

(3)

4.2.6 ASON/ASTN CP Transport Network (Signaling Network)

120

(1)

4.2.7 Transport Network Survivability and Protection

121

(1)

4.2.8 Relationship to GMPLS Architecture

122

(1)

4.2.9 Other ASON/ASTN-Related ITU Activities

123

(6)

4.3 Deployment Status

129

(1)

Endnotes

129

(4)

5 Dense and Coarse WDM

133

(42)

5.1 Introduction to the Technology

135

(24)

5.1.1 How Does WDM Work?

141

(2)

5.1.2 Enabling Technologies

143

(5)

5.1.3 Technical Details

148

(11)

5.2 Operation of a Transponder-Based DWDM System

159

(1)

5.3 Network Design Evolutions

160

(10)

5.3.1 Long-Haul Application Scope

161

(3)

5.3.2 Metro Access/Metro Core Application Scope

164

(6)

5.4 CWDM

170

(2)

Endnotes

172

(3)

6 SONET and SDH

175

(46)

6.1 Introduction to SONST/SDH

176

(3)

6.2 SONST/SDH Interleaving

179

(3)

6.3 Detail of the Transport Overhead

182

(13)

6.3.1 Payload Pointer Processing

185

(8)

6.3.2 Payload Overhead

193

(2)

6.4 Concatenated Payloads

195

(1)

6.5 Mapping of SONST/SDH Payloads

196

(12)

6.5.1 Virtual Tributaries

197

(10)

6.5.2 Support of DS-3 Signals

207

(1)

6.5.3 Support of ATM, POS, and GFP

208

(1)

6.6 Automatic Protection Switching

208

(6)

Endnotes

214

(1)

Bibliography

215

(1)

Appendix 6A: SDH

216

(4)

Endnote

220

(1)

7 Next Generation SONET, GFP, and Ethernet over SONET

221

(24)

7.1 GFP

222

(11)

7.1.1 Introduction

223

(1)

7.1.2 Transparent GFP Description

223

(9)

7.1.3 Potential Extensions to Transparent GFP

232

(1)

7.1.4 Conclusions

233

(1)

7.2 Ethernet over SONET

233

(10)

7.2.1 Introduction

233

(3)

7.2.2 Virtual Concatenation

236

(2)

7.2.3 GFP for Ethernet Applications

238

(2)

7.2.4 What New Services Are Enabled?

240

(1)

7.2.5 What Products Use These Techniques?

241

(2)

Endnotes

243

(2)

8 Wireless Technologies; WPAN, WLAN, and WWAN

245

(94)

8.1 Overview

246

(5)

8.2 Standards

251

(40)

8.2.1 Overview

251

(1)

8.2.2 IEEE 802.11 Family of Wireless Standards

251

(8)

8.2.3 WWALA Standardization Activities

259

(32)

8.3 Technology Basics

291

(44)

8.3.1 WLAN Technologies

291

(6)

8.3.2 Security Considerations for WLANs

297

(4)

8.3.3 IEEE 802.11a Details

301

(4)

8.3.4 WPAN Technologies

305

(6)

8.3.5 WMAN Technologies

311

(17)

8.3.6 WWAN Technologies: 2.5G and 3G

328

(7)

Endnotes

335

(4)

9 WAN Data Services and Technologies; FR, ATM, and MPLS

339

(144)

9.1 Recent Advances in FR

339

(42)

9.1.1 Introduction and Scope

339

(3)

9.1.2 Basic FR Concepts

342

(13)

9.1.3 Key FRF Implementation Agreements

355

(8)

9.1.4 CIR Considerations

363

(5)

9.1.5 Service Level Metrics

368

(3)

9.1.6 Other Services, Capabilities, and Features

371

(9)

9.1.7 European Outlook

380

(1)

9.2 Recent Advances in ATM

381

(30)

9.2.1 Overview and Scope

381

(4)

9.2.2 Applications

385

(3)

9.2.3 ATM Overview

388

(8)

9.2.4 ATM Standardization

396

(1)

9.2.5 Interworking

396

(15)

9.3 MPLS Technology

411

(67)

9.3.1 Overview

412

(5)

9.3.2 Key Elements

417

(4)

9.3.3 MPLS Architecture Overview

421

(2)

9.3.4 MPLS Basics

423

(23)

9.3.5 Some Applications of MPLS

446

(10)

9.3.6 Label Hop-by-Hop Distribution Procedures

456

(8)

9.3.7 Security Considerations

464

(1)

9.3.8 Encoding the Label Stack Introduction

464

(1)

9.3.9 The Label Stack

464

(5)

9.3.10 Fragmentation and Path MTU Discovery

469

(5)

9.3.11 Transporting Labeled Packets over PPP

474

(1)

9.3.12 Transporting Labeled Packets over LAN Media

475

(1)

9.3.13 IANA Considerations

475

(1)

9.3.14 Security Considerations

476

(1)

9.3.15 FR and MPLS

476

(2)

Endnotes

478

(5)

10 Moving Beyond T1: Multilink FR and Other Approaches

483

(14)

10.1 Motivations and Scope

485

(3)

10.2 MFR

488

(3)

10.3 Comparing Alternatives

491

(6)

10.3.1 IMA

491

(1)

10.3.2 MLPPP

492

(4)

10.3.3 MFR 493 Endnotes

496

(1)

11 Broadband LAN Technologies; GbE and 10GbE

497

(84)

11.1 LAN Introduction

497

(21)

11.1.1 Standards

497

(4)

11.1.2 Key Concepts

501

(5)

11.1.3 MAC Frame Format

506

(8)

11.1.4 CSMA/CD MAC Method

514

(2)

11.1.5 Allowable Implementations

516

(2)

11.2 Gigabit Ethernet/IEEE 802.3z

518

(21)

11.2.1 Motivations and Goals

518

(3)

11.2.2 Compatibility with IEEE Standard 802.3

521

(2)

11.2.3 GbE Standard Details

523

(7)

11.2.4 PMD Sublayer and Baseband Medium, Type 1000BASE-LX (Long-Wavelength Laser) and 1000BASE-SX (Short-Wavelength Laser)

530

(5)

11.2.5 PMD Sublayer and Baseband Medium, Type 1000BASE-CX (Short-Haul Copper)

535

(1)

11.2.6 PCS, PMA Sublayer, and Baseband Medium, Type 1000BASE-T

536

(3)

11.2.7 Network Diameter

539

(1)

11.3 10GbE

539

(40)

11.3.1 Overview

541

(4)

11.3.2 Snapshot of Technical Details

545

(6)

11.3.3 Applications

551

(3)

11.3.4 WIS, Type 1OGBASE-W

554

(13)

11.3.5 PMD Sublayers

567

(3)

11.3.6 Other Work, Copper PMD

570

(2)

11.3.7 ANSI 1OGFC

572

(5)

11.3.8 ESCON/FICON

577

(1)

11.3.9 10-Gigabit Ethernet Alliance

578

(1)

Endnotes

579

(2)

12 Transparent LAN Services

581

(62)

12.1 Architectures

583

(8)

12.1.1 TLS Delivery over SONET-Based Private Lines

583

(5)

12.1.2 TLS Delivery with 10GbE

588

(1)

12.1.3 TLS Delivery via MPLS

588

(3)

12.2 MPLS-Based Transparent LAN Services

591

(49)

12.2.1 Conceptual Highlights

591

(6)

12.2.2 Technical Details

597

(16)

12.2.3 VPLS Solution Using GRE-Based IP Tunnels

613

(3)

12.2.4 Architectural Alternatives

616

(20)

12.2.5 Commonalities and Differences Between Decoupled and Hierarchical Architectures

636

(4)

Endnotes

640

(3)

13 Digital Video and Multimedia Technologies and Applications

643

(116)

13.1 Introduction

644

(30)

13.1.1 Technical Essentials

654

(6)

13.1.2 Corporate Applications and QoS Support

660

(14)

13.2 ITU-T H.320/H.323

674

(20)

13.2.1 H.320

675

(1)

13.2.2 H.323

676

(13)

13.2.3 H.324

689

(1)

13.2.4 SIP

690

(1)

13.2.5 H.310

691

(3)

13.3 Basic Compression Concepts and the MPEG Family

694

(60)

13.3.1 Digital Video Compression Overview

694

(16)

13.3.2 JPEG and Motion JPEG

710

(1)

13.3.3 MPEG-1

711

(3)

13.3.4 MPEG-2

714

(4)

13.3.5 MPEG-4

718

(8)

13.3.6 MPEG-7

726

(13)

13.3.7 MPEG-21

739

(15)

Endnotes

754

(5)

About the Author

759

(2)

Index

761

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Telecommunications Technology Handbook

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Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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