Terrorism and Democratic Stability

Can terrorism and state violence cause democratic breakdowns? Although the origins of violence have been studied, only rarely are its consequences. And even when the consequences of violence are studied, its effects are usually limited to consideration of preexisting conflict that originally spawned the violence. In Terrorism and Democratic Stability, Holmes claims that to understand the consequences of violence on democratic stability, terrorism and state responses to terrorism must be studied together. Her innovative approach identifies citizen support as a key factor in the state’s ability to sustain democracy and achieve stability. Her focus is Uruguay, Peru, and Spain.

List of tables	p. x
List of figures	p. xi
List of abbreviations	p. xii
Acknowledgements	p. xiv
Introduction	p. 1
The question	p. 1
Organization of the book	p. 2
The case studies	p. 3
Traditional explanations	p. 5
The military	p. 7
Case selection	p. 8
Conclusion	p. 9
Aristotelian concepts applied to a comparative study of violence and democratic stability	p. 12
Introduction	p. 12
The limitations of conventional contemporary comparative politics	p. 12
The Aristotelian approach defined	p. 15
How the Aristotelian approach differs from conventional comparative politics	p. 16
What concepts and tools the Aristotelian approach offers	p. 18
Aristotle's contemporary applicability and possible objections to the approach	p. 22
The theory	p. 26
Conclusion	p. 31
A historical overview of Uruguay, Peru and Spain	p. 36
Introduction	p. 36
Terrorist groups	p. 54
Economic crisis	p. 62
Conclusion	p. 69
Terrorist violence	p. 78
Introduction	p. 78
The theory in three case studies	p. 78
Hypothesis one	p. 80
Summary	p. 88
State repression and violence	p. 90
Hypothesis two	p. 90
Uruguay	p. 90
Peru	p. 98
Spain	p. 105
Summary	p. 110
Testing of hypotheses one and two	p. 115
Introduction: the hypotheses	p. 115
Rudimentary purpose of the state: security	p. 116
Rudimentary purpose of the state: integration	p. 124
Purposes of the state: summary	p. 131
Citizen confidence	p. 133
Citizen confidence: summary	p. 147
Democratic stability	p. 150
Democratic stability: summary	p. 161
Conclusion	p. 171
Introduction	p. 171
Alternative explanations	p. 172
The treatment of violence in the literature	p. 187
Why the purposes of the state is an appropriate concept	p. 188
Epilogue	p. 203
Introduction	p. 203
Uruguay (1973-98)	p. 203
Peru (1992-99)	p. 205
Spain (1986-2000)	p. 216
Select bibliography	p. 227
Index	p. 239
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