Theatre, Performance, And the Historical

This comprehensive study traces the origins of European modernism in nineteenth-century Paris, then branches out to examine four major movements of the theatrical avant-garde that sprung from this epicenter in the early twentieth-century: Expressionism, Futurism, Dadaism, and Constructivism.

Günter Berghaus is Senior Research Fellow, University of Bristol.

List of Illustrations

ix

Preface

xiii

Acknowledgments

xxi

1. Introduction: The Genesis of Modernism and of the Avant-garde

1

(54)

Modern, Modernity, Modernism

1

(2)

The Evolution of Modernity: Paris in The Nineteenth Century

3

(11)

Preparing the Ground for Modernism: Romanticism, Realism, Symbolism

14

(12)

The Crisis of Modernity and the Advent of Modernism

26

(9)

The Concept of the Avant-garde

35

(4)

Avant-garde, Modernism, and the Mainstream

39

(6)

Toward an Avant-garde Conception of the Performing Arts: Alfred Jarry and Wassily Kandinsky

45

(10)

2. Expressionism

55

(36)

Introduction

57

(2)

Expressionist Theatre—a General Characterization

59

(5)

Kokoschka's Murderer Hope of Women

64

(6)

Lothar Schreyer's Stürmbuhne and Kampfbühne

70

(9)

Laban, Wigman, and Expressionist Dance Theatre

79

(6)

Expressionism in the Theatre of the Weimar Republic

85

(6)

3. Futurism

91

(44)

Marinetti's Sociopolitical Concept of "Art as Action"

92

(4)

Futurist Political Action Theatre

96

(3)

The Engineering of Theatre Scandals

99

(2)

The Futurist Soirées (serate) as a New Type of Performance Art

101

(11)

Futurist Experiments with New Theatrical Formats

112

(1)

Balla and Depero's Plastic Complexes and Mechanical Ballets

113

(6)

Prampolini's Vision of an Actorless, Electromechanical Theatre

119

(2)

The Gallery Performances

121

(3)

Artist Cabarets and Banquets

124

(4)

The Futurist March into the Mainstream

128

(7)

4. Dadaism

135

(46)

Introduction: From Expressionism and Futurism to Dadaism

135

(3)

Hugo Ball, the Cabaret Voltaire, and Zurich Dada

138

(8)

Dada in Berlin

146

(9)

Dada in Paris

155

(11)

Dada Art and Anti-Art

166

(2)

Dada Performance Art

168

(8)

Dada's Originality and Contribution to the Theatre

176

(5)

5. Constructivism

181

(52)

Terminology and General Introduction

181

(1)

Constructivism in Russia

182

(5)

International Constructivism

187

(2)

The Bauhaus

189

(4)

Constructivist Theatre in Russia

193

(14)

Theatre at the Bauhaus

207

(23)

Constructivism Conquers the Mainstream

230

(3)

6. Epilog: The Postwar Revival of Modernism and of the Avant-garde

233

(6)

Notes

239

(44)

Bibliography

283

(60)

About the Author

343

(2)

Name Index

345

(14)

Subject Index

359

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Theatre, Performance, And the Historical Avant-garde

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials