Theoretical Issues in Natural Language

Accompanying continued industrial production and sales of artificial intelligence and expert systems is the risk that difficult and resistant theoretical problems and issues will be ignored. The participants at the Third Tinlap Workshop, whose contributions are contained in Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing, remove that risk. They discuss and promote theoretical research on natural language processing, examinations of solutions to current problems, development of new theories, and representations of published literature on the subject. Discussions among these theoreticians in artificial intelligence, logic, psychology, philosophy, and linguistics draw a comprehensive, up-to-date picture of the natural language processing field.

Introduction	p. xiii
Some Helpful Acronym	p. xv
The Questions to the Panels	p. xvi
Words & World Representations	p. 1
the World of Words	p. 2
the Definitional Power of Words	p. 7
Words and Worlds	p. 11
World Knowledge and Word Meaning	p. 16
the Boundary Between Word Knowledge and World Knowledge	p. 22
Unification & the New Grammatism	p. 28
Comit ==&U3009 Patr II	p. 29
Notes	p. 31
Unification and the New Grammatism	p. 32
Unification and Some New Grammatical Formalisms	p. 36
Discussion: Unification & the New Grammatism	p. 41
Connectionist & Other Parallel Approaches to Natural Language Processing	p. 55
Prologue	p. 56
Connectionist Models: Not Just a Notational Variant, Not a Panacea	p. 56
Toward Connectionist Semantics	p. 64
Notes	p. 72
Conclusion	p. 72
Connectionism and Explanation	p. 73
Parallel Distributed Processing and Role Assignment Constraints	p. 78
Possible Implications of Connectionism	p. 86
Discussion: Connectionist and Other Parallel Approaches to Natural Language Processing	p. 91
Discourse Theory, Goals, & Speech Acts	p. 105
Towards a Semantic Theory of Discourse	p. 106
Some Complexities of Goal Analysis	p. 109
Why Has Theoretical Nlp Made So Little Progress?	p. 112
the Rate of Progress in Natural Language Processing	p. 113
Let's Put the Ai Back in Nlp	p. 118
Formal Versus Common Sense Semantics	p. 122
on Formal Versus Commonsense Semantics	p. 123
Notes	p. 128
on Keeping Logic in Its Place	p. 130
They Say It's a New Sort of Engine: but the Sump's Still There	p. 136
Discussion Formal Versus Common Sense Semantics	p. 141
Reference: the Interaction of Language & the World	p. 148
Reference and Pragmatic Identification	p. 149
Conclusion	p. 152
Determiners, Entities, and Contexts	p. 153
Goals of Referring Acts	p. 157
Reference and Reference Failures	p. 163
Metaphor	p. 170
Viewing Metaphor as Analogy: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly1	p. 171
Notes	p. 176
the Role of Metaphors in Descriptions of Emotions	p. 178
Mental Models and Metaphor	p. 183
Natural Language Generation	p. 190
Generation -- a New Frontier of Natural Language Processing?	p. 191
No Better, but No Worse, Than People	p. 194
Bidirectional Grammars and the Design of Natural Language Generation Systems	p. 199
References	p. 207
Subject Index	p. 224
Author Index	p. 238
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Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing

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