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Bring theory to life with engaging, integrated case studies                       

Using case studies, applied examples, original source material, and her own inimitable pedagogical style, Nancy Murdock succinctly elucidates fifteen of the most influential and ground-breaking theories of psychotherapy and counseling in Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Case Approach. With this articulate guide to counseling theory, students will grasp complicated historical theory, understand the historical footing and uses of each, and learn how these theories have informed each other and contributed to modern practice–all while applying their learning to their own professional counseling experience. The fourth edition includes new theoretical material and thoroughly updated research. Examining the historical roots, evaluations, and lasting effects of Existential, Gestalt, Behavior, Cognitive, Reality, Feminist, Family, Narrative, and Solution-Focused Therapy and much more, this text equips students with the history and application necessary to bring theory to life.

MyCounselingLab is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program designed to work with the text to engage students and improve results. Within its structured environment, students see key concepts demonstrated through video clips, practice what they learn, test their understanding, and receive feedback to guide their learning and ensure they master key learning outcomes.

0134441389 / 9780134441382 Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Case Approach with MyCounselingLab with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package, 4/e consists of:   

• 0134240227 / 9780134240220 Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy

• 013444261X / 9780134442617 MyCounselingLab with Pearson eText -- Access Card -- for Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Case Approach

Brief Table of Contents

1.     Theory Is a Good Thing  

2.     Psychoanalysis  

3.     Neoanalytic Approaches  

4.     Individual Psychology

5.     Person-Centered Therapy

6.     Existential Therapy

7.     Gestalt Therapy

8.     Behavior Therapy

9.     Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

10.   Cognitive Therapy

11.   Reality Therapy

12.   Feminist Therapy

13.   Family Systems Theory

14.   Solution-Focused Therapy

15.   Narrative Therapy

16.   Mindfulness Approaches  

17.   Conclusion 

References

Name Index

Subject Index

Chapter 1 Theory Is a Good Thing 1

What is Theory? 2

What is Psychotherapy? 2

Why Bother With Theory? 3

    Theory Is Fun 3

    Theory Works 3

    Theory Is Essential to Human Life 4

    Counselors Who Don’t Use Theory May Get Lost 4

    Your Task: Find Your Map 5

Characteristics of Good Theory 6

    Precision and Testability 7

    Empirical Support 8

    Parsimony 16

    Stimulation 16

    Practicality 16

So How Do I Choose a Theory? 16

What About Me? 19

How to Use Theory 21

Ethics: The Role of Professional Values and

    Standards 21

    Client Welfare 21

    Informed Consent 22

    Confidentiality 22

    Competence 23

    Multiple Relationships 23

    The Critical Question: How to Decide? 23

How Theory is Presented in This TEXT 24

    A Case Study 24

    Background 24

Basic Philosophy 24

Human Motivation 24

Central Constructs 24

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual 24

Health and Dysfunction 25

Nature of Therapy 25

Process of Therapy 25

Therapeutic Techniques 26

Evaluation of the Theory 26

Issues of Individual and Cultural Diversity 26

The Case Study 26

Another Resource FOR Learning to Use Theory 26

Closing Remark 27

Chapter 2 Psychoanalysis 28

Background 29

Basic Philosophy 32

Human Motivation 34

Central Constructs 34

    Instinct Theory 34

    Topographic Model: The Iceberg Approach 35

    Structural Model: The Big Three 35

    Repression 37

    Symptoms as Symbols 37

    Defense Mechanisms 38

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual 39

Health and Dysfunction 42

Nature of Therapy 46

    Assessment 46

    Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere 46

    Roles of Client and Counselor 47

    Goals 48

Process of Therapy 48

Insight 48

    Resistance 49

    Transference 49

    Countertransference 49

    Phases of Therapy 50

Therapeutic Techniques 51

    Free Association 51

    Interpretation 51

    Analysis of the Resistance 51

    Dream Analysis 52

    Analysis of the Transference 54

Evaluation of the Theory 55

    Qualities of the Theory 56

    Research Support 57

Issues of Individual and Cultural Diversity 62

The Case Study 64

Chapter 3 Neoanalytic Approaches 66

Background 66

Ego Psychology: Id Loses the Limelight

    Temporarily 74

    Overview 74

    Central Constructs 74

    Theory of the Person 77

    Health and Dysfunction 78

    Nature of Therapy 78

    Process of Therapy 79

    Therapeutic Techniques 80

Object Relations: The Lego Approach 80

    Overview 80

    Central Constructs 83

    Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual 85

    Health and Dysfunction 86

    Nature of Therapy 88

    Process of Therapy 89

    Therapeutic Techniques 91

Self Psychology–It’s All About Me 91

    Overview 91

    Central Constructs 92

    Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual 93

    Health and Dysfunction 94

    Nature of Therapy 95

    Process of Therapy 96

    Therapeutic Techniques 97

Relational Psychoanalysis 98

    Overview 98

    Central Constructs 98

    Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual 100

    Health and Dysfunction 100

    Nature of Therapy 100

    Process of Therapy 101

    Therapeutic Techniques 102

Evaluation of Neoanalytic Approaches 103

    Qualities of the Theory 103

    Research Support 104

    Issues of Individual and Cultural Diversity 106

The Case Study 107

Chapter 4 Individual Psychology 109

Background 110

Basic Philosophy 112

Human Motivation 113

Central Constructs 114

    Lifestyle 114

    Social Interest 115

    Inferiority Feelings 116

    Basic Tasks 117

    Basic Mistakes 118

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual 119

Health and Dysfunction 122

Nature of Therapy 126

    Assessment 126

    Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere 128

    Roles of Client and Counselor 128

    Goals 129

Process of Therapy 129

Therapeutic Techniques 131

    Interpretation 131

    Encouragement 132

    Natural and Logical Consequences 132

    Acting as If 133

    Pushing the Button 133

    Catching Oneself 133

    Creating Images 134

    Pleasing Someone 134

    Paradoxical Intention 134

Evaluation of the Theory 135

    Qualities of the Theory 135

    Research Support 136

Issues of Individual and Cultural Diversity 141

The Case Study 142

Chapter 5 Person-Centered Therapy 144

Background 144

Basic Philosophy 152

Human Motivation 153

Central Constructs 154

    Experience 154

    Actualizing Tendency 154

    Organismic Valuing Process 154

    Self 155

    Self-Actualizing Tendency 155

    Need for Positive Regard and Self-Regard 155

    Conditions of Worth 156

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual 157

Health and Dysfunction 158

Nature of Therapy 159

    Assessment 159

    Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere 159

    Roles of Client and Counselor 160

    Goals 160

Process of Therapy 161

    Congruence 161

    Unconditional Positive Regard 162

    Empathy 163

    A Fourth Condition? 164

    Stages of the Therapeutic Process 164

Therapeutic Techniques 166

Evaluation of the Theory 167

    Qualities of the Theory 168

    Research Support 169

Issues of Individual and Cultural Diversity 172

The Case Study 175

Chapter 6 Existential Therapy 177

Background 178

Basic Philosophy 180

Human Motivation 181

Central Constructs 181

    Modes of Being 181

    Anxiety 182

    The Ultimate Concerns 182

    Defenses 184

Theory Of The Person And Development Of The Individual 185

Health And Dysfunction 185

Nature Of Therapy 187

    Assessment 187

    Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere 187

    Roles of Client and Counselor 187

    Goals 188

Process Of Therapy 189

Therapeutic Techniques 190

    Socratic Dialogue 190

    Bracketing 191

    Attention to Nonverbal Behavior 191

    Self-Disclosure 191

    Paradoxical Intention 191

    Dereflection 192

    Dream Analysis 192

    Guided Fantasy 192

Evaluation Of The Theory 193

    Qualities of the Theory 193

    Research Support 195

Issues Of Individual And Cultural Diversity 197

The Case Study 198

Chapter 7 Gestalt Therapy 199

Background 200

Basic Philosophy 205

Human Motivation 206

Central Constructs 206

    Contact 206

    Needs 207

    Polarities 209

    Contact Disturbance 209

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual 211

Health and Dysfunction 211

Nature of Therapy 214

    Assessment 214

    Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere 214

    Roles of Client and Counselor 216 Goals 217

Process of Therapy 217

Therapeutic Techniques 219

    Experiments 220

    Therapist Self-Disclosure 220

    Dialogues 221

    Playing the Projection 221

    Exaggeration 222

    Reversals 222

    Dream Work 222

    Working with Polarities 223

    Awareness Training or Bodywork 223

Evaluation of the Theory 223

    Qualities of the Theory 224

    Research Support 224

Issues of Individual and Cultural Diversity 227

The Case Study 228

Chapter 8 Behavior Therapy 230

Background 231

Basic Philosophy 236

Human Motivation 238

Central Constructs 238

    Classical Conditioning 239

    Operant Conditioning 240

    Observational Learning 243

Theory Of The Person And Development Of The Individual 244

Health And Dysfunction 244

Nature Of Therapy 246

    Assessment 246

    Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere 248

    Roles of Client and Counselor 248

    Goals 249

Process Of Therapy 250

Therapeutic Techniques 250

    Relaxation Training 251

    Exposure Therapy 251

    Systematic Desensitization 253

    Aversive Techniques 255

    Shaping 255

    Reinforcement 255

    Differential Reinforcement 256

    Extinction 256

    Punishment 257

    Assertiveness Training 257

    Stimulus Control 258

    Covert Conditioning 259

    Modeling 259

    Behavioral Self-Control 260

Evaluation Of The Theory 260

    Qualities of the Theory 261

    Research Support 261

Issues Of Individual And Cultural Diversity 264

The Case Study 266

Chapter 9 Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy 267

Background 267

Basic Philosophy 272

Human Motivation 273

Central Constructs 273

    ABCs 273

    Beliefs 274

    Goals 275

    Human Worth Ratings and USA 276

    Secondary Disturbances 277

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual 277

Health and Dysfunction 278

Nature of Therapy 280

    Assessment 280

    Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere 282

    Roles of Client and Counselor 283

    Goals 284

Process of Therapy 284

Therapeutic Techniques 286

    Disputing 287

    Bibliotherapy 287

    Proselytizing 288

    Recordings 288

    Reframing 289

    Stop and Monitor 289

    Rational Coping Statements 289

    Rational Emotive Imagery 290

    Flamboyant Therapist Actions 290

    Humor 290

    Role Playing 292

    Rational-Irrational Dialogues 293

    Reinforcements and Penalties 293

    Skill Training 294

    In Vivo Desensitization 294

    Acting on Rational Beliefs 294

    Homework 295

    Shame Attacking 297

Evaluation of the Theory 297

    Qualities of the Theory 298

    Research Support 299

Issues of Individual and Cultural Diversity 302

The Case Study 304

Chapter 10 Cognitive Therapy 306

Background 307

Basic Philosophy 310

Human Motivation 311

Central Constructs 312

    The Cognitive Model 312

    Schemas 312

    Beliefs 314

    Automatic Thoughts 315

    Modes 316

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual 318

Health and Dysfunction 319

Nature of Therapy 323

    Assessment 323

    Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere 324

    Roles of Client and Counselor 324

    Goals 325

Process of Therapy 326

Therapeutic Techniques 328

    Questioning 330

    Downward Arrow 331

    Thought Recording 331

    Behavioral Experiments 331

    Activity Scheduling 333

    Graded Tasks 333

    Social Skills Training 334

    Problem Solving 334

    Imagery 334

    Role Playing and Other Behaviorally Oriented Techniques 334

Evaluation of the Theory 335

    Qualities of the Theory 336

    Research Support 336

Issues of Individual and Cultural Diversity 342

The Case Study 344

Chapter 11 Reality Therapy 345

Background 346

Basic Philosophy 348

Human Motivation 349

Central Constructs 349

    Basic Needs 349

    Quality World 351

    Total Behavior 352

    Choice Theory 352

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual 353

Health and Dysfunction 354

Nature of Therapy 356

    Assessment 356

    Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere 356

    Roles of Client and Counselor 357

    Goals 357

Process of Therapy 358

Therapeutic Techniques 359

    Questioning 359

    Bibliotherapy 360

    Doing the Unexpected 360

    Reframing 360

    Humor 360

    Self-Disclosure 361

    Metaphors 361

    Physical Activity and Meditation 361

    Allowing or Imposing Consequences 362

Evaluation of the Theory 362

    Qualities of the Theory 362

    Research Support 363

Issues of Individual and Cultural Diversity 365

The Case Study 366

Chapter 12 Feminist Therapy 368

Background 369

Basic Philosophy 372

Human Motivation 375

Central Constructs 376

    Gender 376

    The Personal Is Political 377

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual 377

Health and Dysfunction 380

Nature of Therapy 383

    Assessment 383

    Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere 384

    Roles of Client and Counselor 384

    Goals 385

Process of Therapy 386

Therapeutic Techniques 387

    Gender-Role and Power Analysis 387

    Self-Disclosure 388

    Assertiveness Training 388

    Bibliotherapy 389

Evaluation of the Theory 389

    Qualities of the Theory 390

    Research Support 390

Issues of Individual and Cultural Diversity 393

The Case Study 394

Chapter 13 Family Systems Theory 396

Background 397

The Satir Approach 399

    Overview 399

    Central Constructs 400

    Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual 404

    Health and Dysfunction 404

    Nature of Therapy 405

    Process of Therapy 407

    Therapeutic Techniques 407

Structural Family Therapy 409

Overview 409

    Central Constructs 411

    Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual 412

    Health and Dysfunction 413

    Nature of Therapy 414

    Process of Therapy 416

    Therapeutic Techniques 417

Strategic Therapy 420

    Overview 420

    Central Constructs 421

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual 422

        Health and Dysfunction 422

    Nature of Therapy 423

    Process of Therapy 425

    Therapeutic Techniques 426

Bowen Family Systems Theory 429

    Overview 429

    Central Constructs 431

    Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual 434

    Health and Dysfunction 435

    Nature of Therapy 435

    Process of Therapy 438

    Therapeutic Techniques 438

Evaluation of the Family Systems Approaches 439

    Qualities of the Theory 440

    Research Support 440

Issues of Individual and Cultural Diversity 445

The Case Study 447

Chapter 14 Solution-Focused Therapy 449

Background 449

Basic Philosophy 452

Human Motivation 456

Central Constructs 456

    Exceptions 456

    Change Talk 457

    Solutions 457

    Strengths and Resources 457

Theory Of The Person And Development Of The Individual 458

Health And Dysfunction 458

Nature Of Therapy 460

    Assessment 460

    Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere 460

    Roles of Client and Counselor 461

    Goals 462

Process Of Therapy 462

Therapeutic Techniques 465

    Questions 466

    Normalizing the Problem 466

    Compliments 466

    Miracle Question 467

    Scaling Questions 467

    Fast-Forward Questions 468

    Asking About the Problem 468

    Externalizing 468

    First Session Formula Task 468

    Generic Task 469

    Breaking Patterns 469

    Surprise Task 470

    Write, Read, and Burn 470

    Structured Fight 471

    Do Something Different 471

    Solution-Oriented Hypnosis 471

Evaluation Of The Theory 471

    Qualities of the Theory 472

    Research Support 473

Issues Of Individual And Cultural Diversity 475

The Case Study 477

Chapter 15 Narrative Therapy 478

Background 478

Basic Philosophy 480

Human Motivation 482

Central Constructs 482

    Stories 482

    Thinness and Thickness 483

    Unique Outcomes 484

Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual 484

Health and Dysfunction 485

Nature of Therapy 486

    Assessment 486

    Overview of the Therapeutic Atmosphere 486

    Roles of Client and Counselor 487

    Goals 488

Process of Therapy 488

Therapeutic Techniques 492

    Questioning 492

    Double Listening 493

    Outsider Witness Practices 493

    Taking It Back Practices 494

    Written Artifacts 495

Evaluation of the Theory 498

    Qualities of the Theory 499

    Research Support 500

Issues of Individual and Cultural Diversity 502

The Case Study 503

Chapter 16 Mindfulness Approaches 505

Background 505

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy 508

    Overview 508

    Central Constructs 509

    Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual 512

    Health and Dysfunction 513

    Nature of Therapy 515

    Process of Therapy 516

    Therapeutic Techniques 517

Dialectical Behavior Therapy 519

    Overview 519

    Central Constructs 521

    Theory of the Person and Development of the Individual 522

    Health and Dysfunction 523

    Nature of Therapy 524

    Process of Therapy 525

    Therapeutic Techniques 527

Evaluation of Mindfulness Approaches 532

    Qualities of the Theory 532

    Research Support 532

Issues of Individual and Cultural Diversity 535

The Case Study 536

Chapter 17 Conclusion 537

Is This a Good Theory? 539

    Empirical Support 539

    Stimulating 540

    Practical 540

Your Philosophical Assumptions 540

Your Beliefs About Human Behavior 541

Your Personal Style: Approach and Technique 545

The Role of Your Clients: Diversity is Here to Stay 550

Eclectic and Integrative Approaches to Psychotherapy 550

The Contextual Model 556

Conclusion 557

References R-01

Name Index NI-01

Subject Index SI-15

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