The Theory and Practice of Learning

, by Jarvis, Peter; Holford, John; Griffin, Colin

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ISBN: 9780203465653 | 0203465652
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Copyright: 2/1/2003

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Learning is among the most basic of human activities. The study of learning, and research into learning is becoming a central part of educational studies. This is a comprehensive introduction to contemporary theories and modern practices of learning. Updated and expanded, this second edition should be of interest to teachers, facilitators, human resource developers and students of education. The contents cover: lifelong learning; the social background to learning; cognitivist theory; types of learning; learning using ICT; and philosophical reflections on learning.

The authors	p. vi
Preface to the first edition	p. viii
Preface to the second edition	p. x
The emergence of lifelong learning	p. 1
From childhood to adult to lifelong	p. 2
From the few to the many	p. 3
From learning as process to learning as an institutional phenomenon	p. 4
From education and training to learning	p. 4
From teacher-centred to student-centred education	p. 5
Liberal to vocational and human resource development	p. 6
From theoretical to practical	p. 7
From single discipline to multidisciplinary to integrated knowledge	p. 7
From knowledge as truth to knowledge as relative/information/narrative/discourse	p. 8
From rote learning to learning as reflection	p. 9
From welfare needs to market demands (wants)	p. 10
From classical curriculum to romantic curriculum to programme	p. 10
From face-to-face to distance e-learning	p. 11
Conclusion	p. 12
The social background of lifelong learning	p. 13
The focus on change	p. 14
Characteristics of modern societies	p. 15
Education and modern society	p. 17
The forces of change	p. 19
Learning and the postmodern condition	p. 22
Behaviourist approaches to learning	p. 24
The problem of definition	p. 24
Behavioural theorists	p. 25
Conditioning	p. 27
Teaching and learning	p. 28
Conclusion	p. 30
Cognitivist theories	p. 32
Jean Piaget	p. 32
Lev Vygotsky	p. 36
Jack Mezirow	p. 38
Conclusion	p. 41
Social learning	p. 42
Learning, culture and social roles	p. 44
Mead and the social construction of self	p. 47
Bandura and social learning theory	p. 49
Collective learning	p. 50
Conclusion	p. 52
Experiential learning	p. 53
The nature of experience	p. 53
The nature of experiential learning	p. 56
Reflections of experiential learning	p. 65
Conclusion	p. 67
Types of learning	p. 68
Authors and their terminology	p. 68
A process of synthesis	p. 72
Conclusion	p. 75
Culture and learning	p. 76
Introduction	p. 76
How do women learn?	p. 77
Women's identity and morality: the work of Carol Gilligan	p. 78
Women's ways of knowing	p. 80
Do Chinese learners learn differently?	p. 85
Conclusion	p. 88
Self-directed learning	p. 89
Cyril Houle	p. 91
Allen Tough	p. 92
Malcolm Knowles	p. 94
Stephen Brookfield	p. 96
From theory to practice	p. 99
Self-directed learning and public policy	p. 101
Conclusion	p. 101
Contracts and learning	p. 103
The search for predictability	p. 103
Contracts and markets	p. 105
Learning contracts: self-direction and personal autonomy	p. 106
Contracts and competence	p. 108
The 'contracting society'	p. 109
Learning contracts and modular learning	p. 112
The language of contracts	p. 113
Contracts and freedom	p. 115
Open and distance learning	p. 116
Traditional education and closed institutions	p. 117
Defining open learning	p. 118
Open learning and distance education	p. 119
Theories of distance education	p. 121
From theory to practice	p. 125
Conclusion	p. 128
Work-based and problem-based learning	p. 129
Learning at work	p. 129
A brief history of learning at work	p. 130
Training and the changing workplace	p. 132
Developing 'human resources'	p. 133
The learning organization	p. 144
The historical evolution of the learning organization	p. 144
Defining the learning organization	p. 147
Landmark contributors	p. 149
Applications	p. 152
A critical perspective	p. 153
Conclusion	p. 155
Assessing learning	p. 157
The traditional approach to assessment	p. 158
Contemporary issues in assessment	p. 161
References	p. 171
Further reading	p. 185
Index	p. 194
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The Theory and Practice of Learning

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