Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics

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ISBN: 9780471862567 | 0471862568
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 1/16/1991

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The only text to cover both thermodynamic and statistical mechanics--allowing students to fully master thermodynamics at the macroscopic level. Presents essential ideas on critical phenomena developed over the last decade in simple, qualitative terms. This new edition maintains the simple structure of the first and puts new emphasis on pedagogical considerations. Thermostatistics is incorporated into the text without eclipsing macroscopic thermodynamics, and is integrated into the conceptual framework of physical theory.

PART I GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS

(472)

Introduction The Nature of Themodynamics and the Basis of Thermostatistics

(3)

The Problem and the Postulates

(30)

The Temporal Nature of Macroscopic Measurements

(1)

The Spatial Nature of Macrosscopic Measurements

(3)

The Composition of Thermodynamic Systems

(2)

The Internal Energy

(2)

Thermodynamic Equilibrium

(2)

Walls and Constraints

(1)

Measurability of the Energy

(2)

Quantitative Definition of Heat---Units

(7)

The Basic Problem of Thermodynamics

(2)

The Entropy Maximum Postulates

(8)

The Conditions of Equilibrium

(24)

Intensive Parameters

(2)

Equations of State

(3)

Entropic Intensive Parameters

(3)

Thermal Equilibrium---Temperature

(2)

Agreement with Intuitive Concept of Temperature

(1)

Temperature Units

(3)

Mechanical Equilibrium

(5)

Equilibrium with Respect to Matter Flow

(2)

Chemical Equilibrium

(3)

Some Formal Relationships, and Sample Systems

(32)

The Euler Equation

(1)

The Gibbs--Duhem Relation

(3)

Summary of Formal Structure

(3)

The Simple Ideal Gas and Multicomponent Simple Ideal Gases

(8)

The ``Ideal van der Waals Fluid''

(4)

Electromagnetic Radiation

(2)

The ``Rubber Band''

(1)

Unconstrainable Variables; Magnetic Systems

(3)

Molar Heat Capacity and Other Derivatives

(7)

Reversible Processes and the Maximum Work Theorem

(40)

Possible and Impossible Processes

(4)

Quasi-Static and Reversible Processes

(4)

Relaxation Times and Irreversibility

(2)

Heat Flow: Coupled Systems and Reversal of Processes

101

(2)

The Maximum Work Theorem

103

(10)

Coefficients of Engine, Refrigerator, and Heat Pump Performance

113

(5)

The Carnot Cycle

118

(5)

Measurability of the Temperature and of the Entropy

123

(2)

Other Criteria of Engine Performance; Power Output and ``Endoreversible Engines''

125

(3)

Other Cyclic Processes

128

(3)

Alternative Formulations and Legendre Transformations

131

(22)

The Energy Minimum Principle

131

(6)

Legendre Transformations

137

(9)

Thermodynamic Potentials

146

(5)

Generalized Massieu Functions

151

(2)

The Extremum Principle in the Legendre Transformed Representations

153

(28)

The Minimum Principles for the Potentials

153

(4)

The Helmholtz Potential

157

(3)

The Enthalpy; The Joule--Thomson or ``Throttling'' Process

160

(7)

The Gibbs Potential; Chemical Reactions

167

(5)

Other Potentials

172

(1)

Compilations of Empirical Data; The Enthalpy of Formation

173

(6)

The Maximum Principles for the Massieu Functions

179

(2)

Maxwell Relations

181

(22)

The Maxwell Relations

181

(2)

A Thermodynamic Mnemonic Diagram

183

(3)

A Procedure for the Reduction of Derivatives in Single-Component Systems

186

(4)

Some Simple Applications

190

(9)

Generalizations: Magnetic Systems

199

(4)

Stability of Thermodynamic Systems

203

(12)

Intrinsic Stability of Thermodynamic Systems

203

(4)

Stability Conditions for Thermodynamics Potentials

207

(2)

Physical Consequences of Stability

209

(1)

Le Chatelier's Principle; The Qualitative Effect of Fluctuations

210

(2)

The Le Chatelier-Braun Principle

212

(3)

First-Order Phase Transitions

215

(40)

First-Order Phase Transitions in Single-Component Systems

215

(7)

The Discontinuity in the Entropy-Latent Heat

222

(6)

The Slope of Coexistence Curves; the Clapeyron Equation

228

(5)

Unstable Isotherms and First-Order Phase Transitions

233

(10)

General Attributes of First-Order Phase Transitions

243

(2)

First-Order Phase Transitions in Multicoponent Systems---Gibbs Phase Rule

245

(3)

Phase Diagrams for Binary Systems

248

(7)

Critical Phenomena

255

(22)

Thermodynamics in the Neighborhood of the Critical Point

255

(6)

Divergence and Stability

261

(2)

Order Parameters and Critical Exponents

263

(2)

Classical Theory in the Critical Region; Landau Theory

265

(5)

Roots of the Critical Point Problem

270

(2)

Scaling and Universality

272

(5)

The Nernste Postulate

277

(6)

Nernst's Postulate, and the Principle of Tomsen and Bertholot

277

(3)

Heat Capacities and Other Derivatives at Low Temperatures

280

(1)

The ``Unattainability'' of Zero Temperature

281

(2)

Summary of Principles for General Systems

283

(6)

General Systems

283

(1)

The Postulates

283

(1)

The Intensive Parameters

284

(1)

Legendre Transforms

285

(1)

Maxwell Relations

285

(1)

Stability and Phase Transitions

286

(1)

Critical Phenomena

287

(1)

Properties at Zero Temperature

287

(2)

Properties of Materials

289

(18)

The General Ideal Gas

289

(3)

Chemical Reactions in Ideal Gases

292

(5)

Small Deviations from ``Ideality''---The Virial Expansion

297

(2)

The ``Law of Corresponding States'' for Gases

299

(3)

Dilute Solutions: Osmotic Pressure and Vapor Pressure

302

(3)

Solid Systems

305

(2)

Irreversible Thermodynamics

307

(22)

General Remarks

307

(1)

Affinities and Fluxes

308

(4)

Purely-Resistive and Linear Systems

312

(2)

The Theoretical Basis of the Onsager Reciprocity

314

(2)

Thermoelectric Effects

316

(3)

The Conductivities

319

(1)

the Seebeck Effect and the Thermoelectric Power

320

(3)

The Peltier Effect

323

(1)

The Thomsen Effect

324

(5)

PART II STATISTICAL MECHANICS

Statistical Mechanics in the Entropy Representation: The Microcanonical Formalism

329

(20)

Physical Significance of the Entropy for Closed Systems

329

(4)

The Einstein Model of a Crystalline Solid

333

(4)

The Two-State System

337

(2)

A Polymer Model---The Rubber Band Revisited

339

(4)

Counting Techniques and their Circumvention; High Dimensionality

343

(6)

The Canonical Formalism; Statistical Mechanics in Helmholtz Representation

349

(30)

The Probability Distribution

349

(4)

Additive Energies and Factorizability of the Partition Sum

353

(2)

Internal Modes in a Gas

355

(3)

Probabilities in Factorizable Systems

358

(2)

Statistical Mechanics of Small Systems: Ensembles

360

(2)

Density of States and Density-of-Orbital States

362

(2)

The Debye Model of Non-metallic Crystals

364

(4)

Electromagnetic Radiation

368

(2)

The Classical Density of States

370

(2)

The Classical Ideal Gas

372

(3)

High Temperature Properties---The Equipartition Theorem

375

(4)

Entropy and Disorder; Generalized Canonical Formulations

379

(14)

Entropy as a Measure of Disorder

379

(3)

Distributions of Maximal Disorder

382

(3)

The Grand Canonical Formalism

385

(8)

Quantum Fluids

393

(30)

Quantum Particles; A ``Fermion Pre-Gas Model''

393

(6)

The Ideal Fermi Fluid

399

(3)

The Classical Limit and the Quantum Criteria

402

(3)

The Strong Quantum Regime; Electrons in a Metal

405

(5)

The Ideal Bose Fluid

410

(2)

Non-Conserved Ideal Bose Fluids; Electromagnetic Radiation Revisited

412

(1)

Bose Condensation

413

(10)

Fluctuations

423

(10)

The Probability Distribution of Fluctuations

423

(1)

Moments and The Energy Fluctuations

424

(2)

General Moments and Correlation Moments

426

(7)

Variational Properties, Perturbation Expansions, and Mean Field Theory

433

(22)

The Bogoliubov Variational Theorem

433

(1)

Mean Field Theory

433

(16)

Mean Field Theory in Generalized Representation; the Binary Alloy

449

(6)

PART III FOUNDATIONS

Postlude: Symmetry and the Conceptual Foundations of Thermostatistics

455

(18)

Statistics

455

(3)

Symmetry

458

(2)

Noether's Theorem

460

(1)

Energy, Momentum and Angular Momentum; the Generalized ``First Law'' of Thermodynamics

461

(1)

Broken Symmetry and Goldstone's Theorem

462

(3)

Other Broken Symmetry Coordinates---Electric and Magnetic Moments

465

(1)

Mole Numbers and Gauge Sysmmetry

466

(1)

Time Reversal, the Equal Probability of Microstates, and the Entropy Principle

467

(2)

Symmetry and Completeness

469

(4)

APPENDIX A SOME RELATIONS INVOLVING PARTIAL DERIVATIVES

473

(6)

A.1 Partial Derivatives

473

(1)

A.2 Taylor's Expansion

474

(1)

A.3 Differentials

475

(1)

A.4 Composite Functions

475

(1)

A.5 Implicit Functions

476

(3)

APPENDIX B MAGNETIC SYSTEMS

479

(6)

General References

485

(2)

Index

487

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Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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