Thinking Eye Seeing Brain PA

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ISBN: 9780393977219 | 0393977218
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 9/28/2004

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Ideal for courses in vision, perception, andcognitive science, this unique text conveys the excitement and promiseof the field of visual cognition while emphasizing its vitalrelationship to cognitive science in general, exploring centralphilosophical and psychological issues such as imagination,consciousness, and perceptions of time. Instructors using The Thinking Eye, the Seeing Brain will have accessto lecture-ready PowerPoint slides of art from the text, each of themcarefully annotated by Professor Enns.

Preface

What is Vision Science?

(32)

Seeing and Thinking

(1)

What Vision is Not

(9)

The myth of seeing as a faithful record

(3)

The myth of vision as a passive process

(3)

The myth of the seeing eye

(2)

The myth of imageless thought

(1)

What is Vision For?

(4)

Box 1.1 ``Subjective'' versus ``arbitrary'' perceptions

(1)

Who are the Vision Scientists?

(6)

Ophthalmologists and optometrists

(1)

Neuroscientists, neurologists, and neuropsychologists

(1)

Cognitive psychologists, psychophysicists, and cognitive neuroscientists

(1)

Computer scientists and engineers

(2)

Measurement in Vision Science

(9)

Light

(5)

The visual stimulus

(1)

Human behavior

(3)

Are You Ready?

(1)

Further Reading

(1)

Eye and Brain

(44)

Tools of the Trade, Reverse Engineers, and Empty Boxes

(4)

Lessons of the Migraine Aura

(11)

Neural activity cannot be experienced

(1)

Seeing does not require the eyes

(1)

Visual mapping in the eye and brain

(1)

Box 2.1 Seeing your own blindspot and filling it in

(6)

Up and Down the Cortical Hierarchy

(8)

The anatomical hierarchy

(3)

The temporal hierarchy

(1)

Dynamic receptive fields

(2)

Box 2.2 Experiencing the effects of visible persistence

(2)

Vision without Some Parts of the Brain

(15)

Blindsight

(3)

Neglect and extinction

(5)

Balint syndrome

(1)

Cerebral achromatopsia

(1)

Box 2.3 Searching for feature combinations

(2)

Motion blindness

(2)

Charles Bonnet syndrome

(1)

Is it Enough?

(1)

Further Reading

(3)

Color

(42)

Why Does the Sky Look Blue?

(7)

Color constancy: Superficial light and enduring surfaces

(4)

Box 3.1 Color constancy revealed with overhead transparencies

(1)

What Does the Visual System Do with Wavelength?

(12)

Color in the eye

(3)

Box 3.2 Creating metamers using a desktop computer

(4)

Color in the brain

(4)

The Human Response to Color

(10)

How many colors are there?

(1)

Color names

(1)

Color spaces

(7)

Box 3.3 Exploring the color gamut of a desktop computer

106

(1)

Color mixing

107

(1)

Color Strangers Among Us

108

(5)

Getting by without the third cone: Dichromats

108

(2)

Adding a fourth cone: Tetrachromatic superwomen

110

(3)

Learning About Color Through Play

113

(3)

Illusions of color contrast and averaging

113

(1)

Neon color illusions

114

(1)

The watercolor illusion

115

(1)

Do We Know Them by Their Color?

116

(1)

What is Color For?

117

(1)

Further Reading

118

(2)

Edges

120

(44)

The Impossibility of Reading by Moonlight

121

(1)

What is an Edge?

122

(4)

The luminance profile

123

(2)

Spatial frequency

125

(1)

Box 4.1 Seeing your own contrast sensitivity function

126

(1)

What Does the Visual System Do with Edges?

126

(19)

Rods and cones

127

(2)

Box 4.2 Vision without edges

129

(5)

Ganglion cells

134

(1)

Box 4.3 Measuring the useful field of view

135

(3)

Lower brain structures

138

(3)

Visual cortex

141

(4)

The Human Response to Edges

145

(8)

Congenital achromatopsia: Chronic reading by moonlight

145

(3)

Hermann grid: Edge enhancement at work

148

(2)

Connecting the dots: Edge interactions

150

(1)

Subjective edges: Seeing edges that aren't there

150

(2)

Edges influence brightness perception

152

(1)

Perception by Edges Alone

153

(9)

Are line drawings enough?

153

(2)

Art and the cartoon advantage

155

(1)

Box 4.4 Using a window to create a line drawing

156

(2)

Box 4.5 Drawing with the upside-down part of your brain

158

(1)

Silhouettes and shadows

159

(3)

Where are We Now?

162

(1)

Further Reading

163

(1)

Objects

164

(52)

Rich Visual Experiences and Poor Visual Reports

166

(6)

Change blindness in the lab

168

(1)

The illusion of detail

169

(1)

Box 5.1 A simple card trick

170

(2)

How Much Can We See at a Glance?

172

(7)

Bridging the gap: Short-term memory

172

(2)

Counting sheep: How many?

174

(2)

Keeping tabs: Tracking objects in motion

176

(1)

The magical number one

176

(3)

What is a Visual Object?

179

(8)

Box 5.2 Uneven perception of a single object

180

(1)

Spatial attention

181

(2)

Figure-ground organization

183

(1)

Parsing at regions of deep concavity

184

(2)

Problems of hierarchical structure and scale

186

(1)

The Problem of Shape: Recovering the Third Dimension

187

(10)

Light shines from above

191

(1)

Surfaces are generally convex

191

(2)

Objects are attached to surfaces

193

(1)

Objects are generally viewed from above

193

(1)

A generic viewpoint

194

(3)

Object Recognition

197

(9)

The problem of object constancy

198

(1)

Recognition by parts

199

(3)

Recognition by views

202

(4)

Scene Perception

206

(8)

Gist

207

(3)

Box 5.3 How detailed is your picture memory?

210

(1)

Layout

211

(3)

Vision for Images or Objects?

214

(1)

Further Reading

215

(1)

Time

216

(40)

Temporal Resolution and the Speed of Sight

217

(4)

Box 6.1 Critical flicker fusion

220

(1)

Seeing Takes Time

221

(3)

Neural chaos in a stable world

223

(1)

Temporal Binding in the Brain

224

(4)

Box 6.2 Seeing ``where'' before seeing ``what''

225

(3)

Illusions Arising from Temporal Chaos

228

(12)

Temporal integration

228

(5)

Object formation

233

(3)

What happened when?

236

(4)

The Magical Number One, Again

240

(1)

Visual Attention Over Time

241

(6)

Two modes of attention

242

(2)

Attentional capture

244

(3)

Temporal Correlation and Perceptual Causality

247

(3)

The Timing of Visual Events

250

(4)

Time After Time

254

(1)

Further Reading

255

(1)

Space

256

(54)

Magnetic Hills and Mystery Spots

257

(6)

Box 7.1 Exploring proprioceptive balance

261

(2)

Knowing One's Place in the World

263

(12)

Orientation: What's up?

263

(7)

Direction: Where is it?

270

(1)

Box 7.2 Eyeing a target

271

(1)

Heading: Where am I going?

272

(1)

Box 7.3 Acting like Cyclops

273

(2)

Constructing the Third Dimension

275

(10)

The benefits of the second eye

276

(5)

The benefits of motion

281

(4)

Using Only One Eye

285

(22)

Seeing distance in pictures

286

(2)

Box 7.4 Using a window to study depth perception

288

(9)

Art and illusion

297

(3)

Box 7.5 What's your drawing style?

300

(1)

Why the moon changes size

300

(6)

Box 7.6 Size constancy scaling in pictures

306

(1)

Putting it all Together

307

(1)

Further Reading

308

(2)

Imagination

310

(42)

Visual Imagery

311

(12)

Mental transformations

312

(3)

Unavoidable mental images

315

(2)

Images in the brain

317

(4)

Keeping our images straight

321

(1)

Box 8.1 Limitations of mental images

322

(1)

Visual Memory

323

(4)

Visual Learning

327

(20)

Priming

327

(1)

Mere exposure: Emotional rewards of familiarity

328

(2)

Adaptive learning

330

(4)

How does expertise change the brain?

334

(6)

Even imprinting is flexible!

340

(7)

Problem Solving by Visual Simulation

347

(3)

Limits of the Imagination

350

(1)

Further Reading

351

(1)

Consciousness

352

Pointing the Way

353

(5)

Box 9.1 The unconscious effects of saccadic suppression

357

(1)

What's at Stake in the Science of Visual Consciousness?

358

(6)

Vision

358

(2)

Awareness

360

(1)

Unconscious influence

361

(3)

Dissociating Vision for Perception and Awareness

364

(20)

Neurological conditions

364

(5)

Acting without seeing

369

(15)

The Contents of Visual Consciousness

384

(12)

Reverse hierarchy theory: Seeing forests before trees

385

(2)

Missing the unexpected: Inattentional blindness

387

(4)

Awareness in single cells

391

(1)

Box 9.2 Binocular rivalry

392

(4)

Unusual Forms of Visual Consciousness: Synesthesia

396

(3)

Probing the Conscious Mind On-Line

399

(1)

Living in the Zone

400

(1)

Visual Consciousness and Vision Science

401

(1)

Further Reading

402

Glossary

(1)

References

(1)

Credits

(1)

Author Index

(1)

Subject Index

(1)

Color Appendix

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Thinking Eye Seeing Brain PA

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials