Third Generation Wireless Systems Vol. 1 :

Professionals learn the fundamental concepts, latest design techniques, and the most advanced architectures for tackling critical wireless communication problems such as capacity, error correction, and channel interference with this new book. This forward-thinking resources helps practitioners understand the huge demands being made of existing wireless capacity.

George M. Calhoun has worked in the wireless industry since 1980, most recently as the chairman and CEO of Illinois Superconductor Corp. (ISCO)

Preface

xiii

Reference

xvii

The Golden Age of Wireless

1

(22)

The First Golden Age, 1890--1940

1

(3)

A Quiet Interregnum, 1940--1990

4

(3)

The Digital Radio Revolution

7

(3)

The Capacity Crisis, 1995--2001

10

(9)

The New Golden Age

19

(4)

References

21

(2)

Shannon

23

(24)

``Our Shannon''

23

(3)

Claude Elwood Shannon (1916--2001)

26

(5)

Shannon Theory

31

(16)

Nyquist

32

(3)

The Importance of Noise

35

(1)

Discrete Sources and Entropy

36

(1)

Channel Coding and Error Control

37

(1)

Quantization of Analog Sources

38

(1)

Power and Bandwidth

39

(5)

References

44

(3)

Wireless Systems Design: Problems and Parameters

47

(42)

Three Unique Design Constraints

47

(14)

The Basic Communications Link and the Nonengineerable Wireless Channel

48

(7)

The Nonclonable Wireless Channel and the Challenges of Multiple Access

55

(4)

The Conundrums of Interference

59

(2)

The Basic Parameters: Channel, Signal, and Noise

61

(22)

The Primary Signal/Channel Dimensions: Space, Time, and Frequency

62

(3)

Noise and Interference

65

(4)

Self-Interference

69

(3)

Orthogonality

72

(1)

Secondary Signal Dimensions: Amplitude and Angle

73

(4)

Tertiary Signal Dimensions: Signal Structure

77

(2)

Quaternary Signal Dimensions: The Structure of the Payload

79

(2)

The Layered Signal and the Primacy of the Physical Layer

81

(2)

First- and Second-Generation Wireless Architectures

83

(6)

First-Generation Systems: Power Versus Noise

83

(1)

The Cellular Revolution: Reorganizing the S-Dimension

84

(1)

Second-Generation Systems: Digital Extensions---Reorganizing the T-Dimension

85

(1)

On the Threshold of 3G

86

(1)

References

87

(2)

Third Generation Systems: Physical Layer Technology Strategies

89

(50)

From Interference Avoidance to Interference Management

89

(11)

The Penalty for Orthogonality

90

(8)

Taming the Interference

98

(2)

Signal Hardening Techniques

100

(11)

Error Correction (Channel Coding)

101

(1)

Diversity Techniques

102

(5)

Convolutional Techniques

107

(4)

Signal Shaping Techniques

111

(4)

Compression: Source Coding

112

(1)

Baseband Shaping

113

(1)

Spectrum Shaping

114

(1)

Beam Forming: Smart Antennas

115

(1)

Signal Recovery

115

(3)

Cancellation of T-Interference (I): Equalization

116

(1)

Cancellation of T-Interference (II): Multipath Combining

116

(2)

Cancellation of S-Interference: Spatially Selective Receivers

118

(1)

Beyond Orthogonality: Convolved Wireless Architectures and Design Principles

118

(21)

Signal Spreading

120

(3)

Interference Averaging

123

(4)

Signal Averaging: Noise-Like Signals

127

(1)

Interference Cancellation: Unscrambling the Omelet

128

(3)

Adaptive Signal Design

131

(3)

Convolutional Signal Structures

134

(1)

References

135

(4)

Signal Hardening Techniques

139

(92)

Coding: A Vast Philosophy

140

(35)

Coding: The Standard View

144

(2)

A Deeper Look

146

(1)

Quantization: Many-to-One Mapping

147

(6)

Nonlinearity and Threshold Effects

153

(6)

Coding as Redundancy Construction: One-to-Many Mapping

159

(4)

Signal Expansion: Channel Coding as Noise Averaging

163

(3)

Message Space Expansion: Channel Coding as Signal Geometry

166

(9)

Basic Channel Coding Strategies

175

(11)

Block Codes

175

(2)

Convolutional Codes

177

(5)

Decoding Algorithms

182

(2)

Performance: Coding Gain

184

(2)

Advanced Coding Strategies

186

(27)

Interaction Between Channel Coding and Source Compression Strategies

186

(4)

Channel Characteristics and the Choice of Coding Schemes: Burst Errors

190

(4)

Soft Decision Techniques

194

(5)

Side Information

199

(2)

Pilot Signals

201

(1)

Trellis Coding

202

(4)

Hierarchical Coding Structures: Concatenated Coding, Turbo Coding, and Parallel Coding

206

(7)

Diversity Techniques

213

(10)

Frequency Diversity

217

(4)

Time Diversity

221

(1)

Space Diversity

222

(1)

Convolutional Signals

223

(8)

References

227

(4)

Signal Shaping Techniques (Transmitter-Oriented Strategies)

231

(68)

Concepts of Efficient Transmission: Compression and Shaping

231

(5)

Signal Nonlinearities: A Conundrum

236

(5)

Compression: Post-Shannon Source Coding Strategies

241

(26)

Lossless Compression

244

(7)

Lossy Compression

251

(3)

Perceptual Coding

254

(2)

Correlative Quantization

256

(9)

Source Modeling

265

(2)

Baseband Signal Shaping

267

(5)

RF Signal Shaping

272

(9)

Bandwidth-Efficient Modulation

272

(4)

Linearized RF Systems

276

(5)

Smart Antenna Technologies (Transmission)

281

(3)

Adaptive Link Technologies

284

(15)

Adaptive Power Control

285

(4)

Adaptive Time Alignment

289

(3)

Adaptive Modulation

292

(3)

References

295

(4)

Signal Recovery Techniques (Receiver-Oriented Strategies)

299

(78)

Logical-Level Signal Recovery Strategies: The Active Receiver

303

(12)

Reliability Assessment and Erasure Strategies

308

(2)

Residual Redundancy and Codeless Error Detection

310

(2)

Error Concealment

312

(3)

The Transfer Function: Modeling the Channel

315

(27)

Transmitter-Assisted Acquisition of the Transfer Function

321

(1)

Blind Acquisition of the Transfer Function

321

(1)

The Source Model as a Basis for Blind Acquisition

322

(1)

A Priori Knowledge of the Physical Channel as a Basis for Blind Acquisition

323

(1)

``Multipath Is Your Friend''

323

(19)

One-Dimensional Signal Recovery Strategies: Equalization and RAKE Receivers

342

(13)

Subtractive Techniques: Equalization

344

(7)

Constructive Techniques: RAKE Architectures

351

(4)

Spatial Techniques: Array Processing

355

(5)

Multidimensional Signal Recovery Strategies

360

(2)

Multidimensional Equalization

361

(1)

Multidimensional RAKE Receivers

361

(1)

Multiuser Detection and Interference Cancellation

362

(15)

References

367

(10)

Signal Expansion Strategies: Beyond Orthogonality

377

(76)

An Analogy: Stereo and Beyond

380

(13)

Spreading Forced Through Multiplication in the Time Domain: Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum

393

(13)

Spreading Forced Through Multiplication in the Frequency Domain: OFDM and Multicarrier CDMA

406

(29)

Constructing the Complex F-Domain Signal

406

(9)

Tailoring the OFDM Signal to Fit the ``Shape'' of the Channel Transfer Function

415

(13)

Multicarrier CDMA

428

(7)

Forced Spatial Spreading: Creating Artificial Multipath

435

(18)

Creating Multipath: The Physical Aspect of Spatial Spreading---Transmitter Diversity and Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output (MIMO) Channels

436

(4)

The Coding Aspect of Spatial Spreading: Space--Time Codes

440

(3)

Space--Time Architectures: Ultimate RF?

443

(3)

References

446

(7)

Epilogue: The Red Queen and the Kitten

453

(18)

Countertrends

455

(8)

Verdu

455

(2)

Abramson

457

(3)

Viterbi et al.

460

(1)

Chuang and Sollenberger

461

(2)

Predictions

463

(2)

Whither Shannon?

465

(6)

References

469

(2)

About the Author

471

(2)

Index

473

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Third Generation Wireless Systems Vol. 1 : Post-Shannon Signal Architectures

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials