Towards the Definition of Philosophy

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ISBN: 9780826463159 | 0826463150
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Copyright: 9/4/2002

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Heidegger is widely regarded as the Twentieth Century's most original philosopher. Towards the Definition of Philosophy brings together--in their first English translation--two of his key lecture courses, The Idea of Philosophy and the Problem of Worldview and Phenomenology and Transcendental Philosophy Value, as well as the lecture, On the Nature of the University and Academic Study.

Translator's Foreword

Publisher's Note

xii

I THE IDEA OF PHILOSOPHY AND THE PROBLEM OF WORLDVIEW

War Emergency Semester 1919

PRELIMINARY REMARKS

Science and University Reform

(3)

INTRODUCTION

1. Philosophy and Worldview

(5)

a) Worldview as Immanent Task of Philosophy

(1)

b) Worldview as Limit of the Critical Science of Value

(2)

c) The Paradox of the Problem of Worldview. Incompatibility between Philosophy and Worldview

(2)

PART ONE THE IDEA OF PHILOSOPHY AS PRIMORDIAL SCIENCE

Chapter One The Search for a Methodological Way

2. The Idea of Primordial Science

(3)

a) Idea as Definite Determination

(1)

b) The Circularity of the Idea of Primordial Science

(2)

3. The Way Out through the History of Philosophy

(4)

4. The Way Out through the Philosopher's Scientific Attitude of Mind

(2)

5. The Way Out through Inductive Metaphysics

(4)

Chapter Two Critique of Teleological-Critical Method

6. Knowledge and Psychology

(1)

7. The Axiomatic Fundamental Problem

(3)

8. Teleological-Critical Method of Finding Norms

(4)

9. The Methodological Function of Material Pregivenness

(3)

10. Giving of Ideals as the Core Element of Method. Misunderstanding of the Problematic Primordial Science

(4)

11. Investigation of the Claim to Primordial Science by the Teleological-Critical Method

(10)

a) Truth and Value

(3)

b) The Problem of Validity

(2)

c) The Relation between Material Pregiving and Ideal Giving. Being and the Ought

(5)

12. Inclusion of the Pre-Theoretical Sphere. Psychology's Sphere of Objects

(4)

PART TWO PHENOMENOLOGY AS PRE-THEORETICAL PRIMORDIAL SCIENCE

Chapter One Analysis of the Structure of Experience

13. The Experience of the Question: 'Is There Something?'

(12)

a) The Psychic Subject

(2)

b) The Interrogative Comportment. Various Senses of the 'There is'

(2)

c) The Role of the Questioner

(8)

14. The Environmental Experience 59

15. Comparison of Experiential Structures. Process and Event 62

Chapter Two The Problem of Presuppositions

16. The Epistemological Question of the Reality of the External World. Standpoints of Critical Realism and Idealism

(6)

17. The Primacy of the Theoretical. Thing-Experience (Objectification) as De-vivification

(9)

Chapter Three Primordial Science as Pre-Theoretical Science

18. The Circularity of Epistemology

(2)

19. How to Consider Environmental Experience

(10)

a) The Method of Descriptive Reflection (Paul Natorp)

(4)

b) Reconstruction as the Characteristic Moment of the Method. Subjectification and Objectification

(3)

c) Critique of Natorp's Method

(2)

20. Phenomenological Disclosure of the Sphere of Lived Experience

(18)

a) Objections to Phenomenological Research

(2)

b) Characterization of the Levels of De-vivification. The Preworldly Something and the Something of Knowability

(3)

c) Hermeneutical Intuition

(5)

II PHENOMENOLOGY AND TRANSCENDENTAL PHILOSOPHY OF VALUE

Summer Semester 1919

INTRODUCTION

Guiding Principles of the Lecture-Course

103

(5)

Aim of the Lecture-Course

108

(2)

PART ONE HISTORICAL PRESENTATION OF THE PROBLEM

Chapter One The Genesis of Philosophy of Value as the Cultural Philosophy of the Present

1. The Concept of Culture in the Philosophy of the Late Nineteenth Century

110

(6)

a) The Historical Concept of Culture. Enlightenment and Historical Consciousness

112

(3)

b) Culture as Accomplishment and Achievement

115

(1)

2. The Onset of the Problem of Value. The Overcoming of Naturalism by Lotze

116

(3)

Chapter Two Windelband's Grounding of Modern Transcendental Philosophy of Value

3. Renewal of the Kantian Philosophy. The Character of Truth as Value

119

(6)

a) The Rediscovery of the Transcendental Method by Cohen

120

(1)

b) Practical Reason as the Principle of All Principles

121

(3)

c) Philosophy of Value as Critical Philosophy of Culture

124

(1)

4. Judgement and Evaluation

125

(10)

a) The Grounding of the Distinction between Judgement and Evaluation by Brentano

125

(3)

b) Judgement and Validity (Windelband)

128

(3)

c) Windelband's Treatise on Negative Judgement: Scientific Determination of the Forms of Judgement

131

(4)

5. Contribution to the Doctrine of Categories

135

(3)

6. The Inclusion of the Problem of History in Philosophy of Value

138

(5)

a) Natural Sciences and Human Sciences. Dilthey's Founding of a Descriptive Psychology

139

(1)

b) Windelband's Distinction between Sciences of Law and Sciences of Event. Nomothetic and Idiographic Thinking

140

(3)

Chapter Three The Further Development of Value-Philosophy by Rickert

7. Historical Formation of Concepts and Scientific Knowledge. Reality as Heterogeneous Continuum

143

(3)

8. The Question Concerning the Possibility of the Science of History

146

(6)

PART TWO CRITICAL CONSIDERATIONS

9. The Influence of Phenomenology on Rickert 149

10. Guiding Principles of the Critique

152

(3)

11. Rickert's Conception of the Fundamental Epistemological Problem. The Subjective Way

155

(6)

a) Judgement and Value

155

(2)

b) Evidence and Validity

157

(2)

c) The Transcendence of the Ought

159

(2)

12. The Transcendental-Logical (Objective) Way as the Method of Grounding the Presuppositions of the Subjective Way

161

(8)

13. Considerations on Negation

169

APPENDIX I ON THE NATURE OF THE UNIVERSITY AND ACADEMIC STUDY

Summer Semester 1919

Transcript by Oskar Becker

173

(20)

APPENDIX II THE IDEA OF PHILOSOPHY AND THE PROBLEM OF WORLDVIEW

War Emergency Semester 1919

Excerpt from the Transcript by Franz-Joseph Brecht 183

Editor's Afterwords to the First and Second Editions (1987, 1999) 189

Short Glossary

193

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Towards the Definition of Philosophy

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