Translational Neuroscience A Guide to a

Translational research looks to take the latest innovations made in the laboratory setting to translate findings into effective and sustainable medical interventions and improved preventative measures. Funding support is increasingly tied to practical healthcare outcomes, with this trend likely only to increase in coming years, Translational Neuroscience: A Guide to a Successful Program, is a timely guide to developing research programs that bring translational advances to the forefront. Translational Neuroscience provides practical information from scientists with first-hand experience in developing a cutting-edge translational facility. The book opens with chapters that provide guidance to organizing a center for translational science. Chapters look at topics ranging from mentoring and career planning for clinician scientists to improving the design of core facilities and addressing infrastructure needs. The second half of the book provides valuable case studies of translational neuroscience in action, with examples ranging from using to transcranial magnetic stimulation to studies on drug abuse and telemedicine applications. The final chapter looks to the future of basic science research, how academic health centers can be reorganized, and how future generations of translational neuroscientists can be trained. Translational Neuroscience provides a blueprint to developing an innovative and successful translational research program. Deans, department chairs, academic health center administrators, and researchers will find this guide useful for drafting programs in translational research and avoiding costly pitfalls. While grounded in examples from basic neuroscience research, this book will be a useful tool to all scientists looking to develop centers of translational science across research disciplines.

Edgar Garcia-Rill is Director of the Center for Translational Neurosciences, a division of the Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences in the College of Medicine at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. He is also a member of the faculty of the Neurosurgery department and his center is the research arm of the Jackson T. Stephens Spine and Neuroscience Institute. He has been continuously funded by NIH for over 25 years, and is the author of numerous publications, including several law reviews.

Contributors	p. xi
Preface	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xv
A Brief History of Translational Neuroscience	p. 1
Some recent history	p. 1
Funding translational research	p. 3
Lack of funding	p. 4
Making NIH funding more equitable and efficient	p. 6
How much funding is needed?	p. 7
Medical research funding in Europe	p. 10
References	p. 13
Mentoring in Translational Neuroscience	p. 15
T1 blocks	p. 15
T2 blocks	p. 20
References	p. 27
Core Facilities for Translational Neuroscience	p. 29
Designing translational neuroscience core facilities	p. 31
Preattentional measure the P50 potential	p. 33
Attentional measures psychomotor vigilance	p. 35
Frontal lobe blood flow measures	p. 36
References	p. 42
Translational Studies Using TMS	p. 43
Overview	p. 43
Introduction	p. 44
Development of a sham stimulation technique for humans	p. 45
PET-guided TMS studies of tinnitus perception	p. 46
TMS investigations of decision-making in tobacco addiction	p. 50
TMS investigations in rodents	p. 54
Conclusion	p. 61
References	p. 61
Translational Studies in Drug Abuse	p. 67
Background and significance	p. 67
Behavioral Core Facility	p. 70
Voltage-sensitive dye imaging	p. 75
Intravenous drug self-administration	p. 75
References	p. 79
Electrophysiology in Translational Neuroscience	p. 83
In vivo and in vitro animal models	p. 83
Modafinil	p. 84
Patch clamp recordings	p. 85
Gamma band activity	p. 86
Population responses	p. 88
Preconscious awareness	p. 89
Magnetoencephalography, the Cadillac of human electrophysiology	p. 91
References	p. 94
Translational Research on Spinal Cord Injury	p. 97
Electrophysiological approach: H-reflex frequency-dependent depression	p. 98
Biomechanical approach: windup of the stretch reflex	p. 100
Interventions: passive exercise	p. 101
Interventions: pharmacology (L-Dopa, Modafinil)	p. 105
Conclusions	p. 106
References	p. 106
Translational Research in Neonatology	p. 109
Introduction	p. 109
The need for neonatal research	p. 110
The building blocks: basic research	p. 110
Pups to babies and back again: T1 Research	p. 111
No problem can be solved unless it is first identified	p. 112
From the bedside to the community: T2 research	p. 113
The role of comparative effectiveness research	p. 116
Barriers and rewards in translational research in neonatology	p. 118
Opportunities for translational research in neonatology	p. 119
Conclusion	p. 119
References	p. 120
Telemedicine in Translational Neuroscience	p. 123
History of telemedicine	p. 124
Enabling access to care	p. 125
Telemedicine Core Facility	p. 126
Neonatal intensive care	p. 129
Emergency departments	p. 131
Conclusion	p. 132
References	p. 132
Implications for the Future	p. 135
Fragmented infrastructure	p. 135
Incompatible databases	p. 136
The benefits of translational research	p. 138
The reshaping of basic science departments	p. 139
References	p. 142
Index	p. 145ÿþ
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Translational Neuroscience A Guide to a Successful Program

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