Transport Phenomena in Crystal Growth

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ISBN: 9780120200306 | 0120200309
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 6/25/1997

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Advances in Heat Transfer is designed to fill the information gap between regularly scheduled journals and university level textbooks by providing indepth review articles over a broader scope than is allowable in either journals or texts. Volume 30 provides the latest information on heat transfer, including the transfer properties found in porous media, laser speckle photography techniques, and Czochralski crystal growth process.

Contributors

(2)

Preface

Microscales of Turbulent Heat and Mass Transfer

(92)

VEDAT S. ARPACI

I. Introduction

(18)

A. Origin of Microscales

(1)

B. A Novel Approach

(14)

II. Heat Transfer

(32)

A. Convection

(14)

B. Two-Phase Film

(10)

C. Microgravity

(8)

III. Mass Transfer

(35)

A. Diffusion Flame

(26)

B. Pulsed Combustion

(8)

Nomenclature

(1)

References

(6)

Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Porous Media

(104)

C. Y. WANG

P. CHENG

I. Introduction

(2)

II. Theoretical Considerations

(17)

A. Basic Concepts

(3)

B. Multiphase Flow Model (MFM)

(4)

C. Unsaturated Flow Theory (UFT)

102

(1)

D. Multiphase Mixture Model (MMM)

103

(5)

E. Comparisons of Various Models

108

(2)

F. Nonequilibrium Effects

110

(1)

G. Non-Darcian Effects

111

(1)

III. Two-Phase, Single-Component Systems

112

(50)

A. One-Dimensional Situations

114

(8)

B. Internal Boiling and Natural Convection

122

(14)

C. Internal Boiling and Forced Convection

136

(5)

D. External Condensing Flows

141

(7)

E. External Boiling Flows

148

(4)

F. Steam Injection

152

(9)

G. Summary

161

(1)

IV. Multiphase, Multicomponent Systems

162

(24)

A. One-Dimensional Systems

164

(3)

B. Liquid-Gas Systems

167

(17)

C. Three-Phase Systems

184

(1)

D. Summary

185

(1)

V. Conclusions

186

(1)

Nomenclature

187

(1)

References

188

(9)

Enhancement of Heat Transfer and Fouling Mitigation

197

(58)

EUAN F. C. SOMERSCALES

ARTHUR E. BERGLES

I. Introduction

197

(2)

II. Theoretical Ideas

199

(14)

A. Introduction

199

(1)

B. Heat Transfer Intensification

199

(10)

C. Heat Transfer Area Enlargement

209

(4)

III. Assessment of Empirical Data

213

(3)

A. Electrically Heated Test Surfaces

213

(1)

B. Sensible Heat Exchangers

213

(3)

IV. Extended Surfaces

216

(1)

A. Introduction

216

(1)

B. Test Data

216

(1)

C. Concluding Remarks

217

(1)

V. Rough Surfaces

217

(10)

A. Introduction

217

(2)

B. Patent Literature

219

(1)

C. Methodology for Analyzing the Test Data

220

(1)

D. Results for Laboratory Tests

220

(3)

E. Results of Field Tests

223

(1)

F. Concluding Remarks

224

(3)

VI. Displaced Enhancement Devices

227

(3)

A. Hi Tran Radial Mixing Elements

227

(1)

B. Spirelf System

228

(2)

VII. Swirl Flow Devices

230

(1)

A. Rotating Twisted Tape

230

(1)

VIII. Surface Tension Devices

230

(2)

IX. Treated and Structured Surfaces

232

(3)

A. Porous Layer Enhancement

232

(2)

B. Structured Surfaces

234

(1)

C. Concluding Remarks

235

(1)

X. Additives

235

(2)

A. Introduction

236

(1)

B. Fluid Bell Heat Exchanger

236

(1)

XI. Mechanical Aids

237

(5)

A. Stirring

237

(2)

B. Surface Scraping

239

(2)

C. Rotating Surfaces

241

(1)

XII. Vibration

242

(1)

A. Introduction

242

(1)

B. Resonating Pulse Reactor

243

(1)

XIII. Electric and Electromagnetic Fields

243

(1)

XIV. Injection and Suction

244

(1)

A. Injection

244

(1)

B. Suction

244

(1)

XV. Compound Enhancement

244

(2)

A. Swirl Flow and Additives

245

(1)

B. Rough Surface and Additives

246

(1)

XVI. Prospects for the Future

246

(1)

XVII. Conclusions

247

(1)

Nomenclature

248

(1)

References

249

(6)

Laser Speckle Photography Technique Applied for Heat and Mass Transfer Problems

255

(58)

K. D. KIHM

I. Introduction

255

(1)

II. Speckle Photography Technique

256

(11)

A. Operating Principle of Speckle Photography

256

(5)

B. Point-by-Point Interrogation of a Specklegram

261

(3)

C. Full-View Interrogation of a Specklegram

264

(1)

D. Specklegram Interferometry

265

(2)

E. Comparison of Speckle Photography versus Speckle Interferometry

267

(1)

III. Applications to Natural Convection Problems

267

(16)

A. Simplified Data Reduction for One-Dimensional Refraction

268

(1)

B. Determination of the Heat Transfer Coefficient Using Specklegram Data

269

(3)

C. Isothermal Single Vertical Wall

272

(2)

D. Isothermal Vertical Channels Flows

274

(4)

E. Upward-Facing Isothermal Surfaces

278

(3)

F. Converging Channel Flows

281

(2)

IV. Applications for Turbulent Flows with Density Fluctuation

283

(10)

A. Laminar and Imhomogenous Density Fields

285

(4)

B. Fluctuating Density and Temperature Fields

289

(2)

C. Single-Exposure Speckle Photography

291

(2)

V. Applications for Flame Temperature Measurements

293

(9)

A. Tomographic Reconstruction of Temperature Field

293

(3)

B. Axisymmetric Candle Flames

296

(3)

C. Premixed Gaseous Flames

299

(3)

VI. Applications for Liquid Temperature Measurements

302

(2)

VII. Concluding Remarks

304

(3)

References

307

(6)

Transport Phenomena in Czochralski Crystal Growth Processes

313

(124)

V. PRASAD

H. ZHANG

A. P. ANSELMO

I. Introduction

313

(13)

A. Growth of Elemental Semiconductors

313

(6)

B. Growth of Oxide Crystals

319

(1)

C. Growth of III-V Compounds

319

(3)

D. Technological Challenges in Growth of III-V Compounds

322

(3)

E. Chapter Organization

325

(1)

II. Theoretical Model

326

(36)

A. Mathematical Model

327

(20)

B. Transport Simulations

347

(5)

C. Multizone Adaptive Curvilinear Finite Volume Scheme

352

(5)

D. Thermomechanical Models

357

(5)

III. Analysis of Melt Flow Mechanisms

362

(8)

A. Natural Convection

362

(2)

B. Surface Tension

364

(1)

C. Rotation

364

(1)

D. Natural Convection and Surface Tension

365

(2)

E. Natural Convection and Rotation

367

(2)

F. Surface Tension and Rotation

369

(1)

G. Summary of Flow Effects

370

(1)

IV. Convection in Czochralski Melts Systems

370

(42)

A. Natural Convection

370

(13)

B. Flows Driven by Buoyancy, Surface Tension and Rotation

383

(7)

C. Effect of an Applied Magnetic Field

390

(2)

D. Three-Dimensional Effects

392

(3)

E. Simulation Experiments

395

(7)

F. Growth Experiments

402

(1)

G. Global Heat Transfer

403

(3)

H. Convection in a Continuous Czochralski Growth System

406

(2)

I. Convection in a Czochralski Melt with Partition

408

(4)

V. Convection in High-Pressure Liquid-Encapsulated Czochralski Growth

412

(11)

A. Convection in the System for Indium Phosphide Synthesis and Growth

414

(3)

B. Convection in High-Pressure Liquid-Encapsulated Czochralski Growth

417

(5)

C. Stress in High-Pressure Liquid-Encapsulated Czochralski Grown Crystals

422

(1)

D. Effect of Magnetic Field

422

(1)

VI. Concluding Remarks

423

(2)

VIII. Nomenclature

425

(1)

References

426

(11)

Index

437

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Transport Phenomena in Crystal Growth

Summary

Table of Contents

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