A Treatise of Human Nature

David Hume's Treatise of Human Nature, composed before the author was twenty-eight years old, was published in 1739 and 1740.

INTRODUCTION

xiii

BOOK I. OF THE UNDERSTANDING.

1

(274)

PART I. Of ideas; their origin, composition, abstraction, connexion, &c.

1

(25)

I. Of the origin of our ideas

1

(6)

II. Division of the subject

7

(1)

III. Of the ideas of the memory and imagination

8

(2)

IV. Of the connexion or association of ideas

10

(3)

V. Of [relations]

13

(2)

VI. Of modes and substances

15

(2)

VII. Of abstract ideas

17

(9)

PART II. Of the ideas of space and time.

26

(43)

I. Of the infinite divisibility of our ideas of space and time

26

(3)

II. Of the infinite divisibility of space and time

29

(4)

III. Of the other qualities of our ideas of space and time

33

(6)

IV. Objections answer'd

39

(14)

V. The same subject continu'd

53

(13)

VI. Of the idea of existence and of external existence

66

(3)

PART III. Of knowledge and probability.

69

(111)

I. Of knowledge

69

(4)

II. Of probability; and of the idea of cause and effect

73

(5)

III. Why a cause is always necessary?

78

(4)

IV. Of the component parts of our reasonings concerning causes and effects

82

(2)

V. Of the impressions of the senses and memory

84

(2)

VI. Of the inference from the impression to the idea

86

(8)

VII. Of the nature of the idea, or belief

94

(4)

VIII. Of the causes of belief

98

(8)

IX. Of the effects of other relations, and other habits

106

(12)

X. Of the influence of belief

118

(6)

XI. Of the probability of chances

124

(6)

XII. Of the probability of causes

130

(13)

XIII. Of unphilosophical probability

143

(12)

XIV. Of the idea of necessary connexion

155

(18)

XV. Rules by which to judge of causes and effects

173

(3)

XVI. Of the reason of animals

176

(4)

PART IV. Of the sceptical and other systems of philosophy.

180

(95)

I. Of scepticism with regard to reason

180

(7)

II. Of scepticism with regard to the senses

187

(32)

III. Of the antient philosophy

219

(6)

IV. Of the modern philosophy

225

(7)

V. Of the immateriality of the soul

232

(19)

VI. Of personal identity

251

(12)

VII. Conclusion of this book

263

(12)

BOOK II. OF THE PASSIONS.

275

(180)

PART I. Of pride and humility.

275

(54)

I. Division of the subject

275

(2)

II. Of pride and humility; their objects and causes

277

(3)

III. Whence these objects and causes are deriv'd?

280

(2)

IV. Of the relations of impressions and ideas

282

(3)

V. Of the influence of these relations on pride and humility

285

(5)

VI. Limitations of this system

290

(4)

VII. Of vice and virtue

294

(4)

VIII. Of beauty and deformity

298

(5)

IX. Of external advantages and disadvantages

303

(6)

X. Of property and riches

309

(7)

XI. Of the love of fame

316

(8)

XII. Of the pride and humility of animals

324

(5)

PART II. Of love and hatred.

329

(70)

I. Of the [objects] and causes of love and hatred

329

(3)

II. Experiments to confirm this system

332

(15)

III. Difficulties solv'd

347

(4)

IV. Of the love of relations

351

(6)

V. Of our esteem for the rich and powerful

357

(9)

VI. Of benevolence and anger

366

(2)

VII. Of compassion

368

(4)

VIII. Of malice and envy

372

(9)

IX. Of the mixture of benevolence and anger with compassion and malice

381

(8)

X. Of respect and contempt

389

(5)

XI. Of the amorous passion, or love betwixt the sexes

394

(3)

XII. Of the love and hatred of animals

397

(2)

PART III. Of the will and direct passions.

399

(56)

I. Of liberty and necessity

399

(8)

II. The same subject continu'd

407

(6)

III. Of the influencing motives of the will

413

(5)

IV. Of the causes of the violent passions

418

(4)

V. Of the effects of custom

422

(2)

VI. Of the influence of the imagination on the passions

424

(3)

VII. Of contiguity and distance in space and time

427

(5)

VIII. The same subject continu'd

432

(6)

IX. Of the direct passions

438

(10)

X. Of curiosity, or the love of truth

448

(7)

BOOK III. OF MORALS.

455

(168)

PART I. Of virtue and vice in general.

455

(22)

I. Moral distinctions not deriv'd from reason

455

(15)

II. Moral distinctions deriv'd from a moral sense

470

(7)

PART II. Of justice and injustice.

477

(97)

I. Justice, whether a natural or artificial virtue

477

(7)

II. Of the origin of justice and property

484

(17)

III. Of the rules that determine property

501

(13)

IV. Of the transference of property by consent

514

(2)

V. Of the obligation of promises

516

(10)

VI. Some farther reflections concerning justice and injustice

526

(8)

VII. Of the origin of government

534

(5)

VIII. Of the source of allegiance

539

(10)

IX. Of the measures of allegiance

549

(4)

X. Of the objects of allegiance

553

(14)

XI. Of the laws of nations

567

(3)

XII. Of chastity and modesty

570

(4)

PART III. Of the other virtues and vices.

574

(49)

I. Of the origin of the natural virtues and vices

574

(18)

II. Of greatness of mind

592

(10)

III. Of goodness and benevolence

602

(4)

IV. Of natural abilities

606

(8)

V. Some farther reflections concerning the natural virtues

614

(4)

VI. Conclusion of this book

618

(5)

APPENDIX

623

(20)

ABSTRACT OF THE TREATISE

643

(20)

Textual Notes

663

(12)

Index

675

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A Treatise of Human Nature

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