Trust Theory A Socio-Cognitive and

To conceptualize, model, introduce and implement trust in new autonomous technologies is the fundamental step towards their real active cooperation with other autonomous entities (whether artificial or natural). This book gives an accessible explanation of the importance of trust in autonomous technologies. The authors explain the concepts of trust, and describe a principled, general theory of trust grounded on technical, cultural, institutional, and legal solutions. This provides a strong base for the author's discussion of role of trust in agent-based systems supporting human-computer interaction and distributed and virtual organizations or markets (multi-agent systems).

Cristiano Castelfranchi is full professor of Cognitive Sciences at the University of Siena, Italy, and Director of the Institute of the Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR). Cristiano has a background in linguistics and psychology, and is active in the Multi-Agent Systems, Social Simulation, and Cognitive Science communities. He was program chair of AAMAS 2002, and is chair of several international workshops. He has published 11 books (3 in English), and more than 150 conference and journal articles.

Rino Falcone is Leader Researcher for the T3 (Trust Theory and Technology) group at the Institute of the Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR). His scientific interests include Natural Language Processing, Plan Recognition, Multi-agent Systems and Agent Theory. Rino has published more than 100 conference and journal articles, organized several international conferences, and edited several special issues of international journal on these topics.

Definitions of trust: From conceptual components to the general core
A content analysis
Missed components and obscure links
Intentional action and lack of controllability: Relying on what is beyond our power
Two intertwined notions of trust: Trust as attitude vs. Trust as act
A critique of some significant definitions of Trust
References
Socio-Cognitive Model of Trust: Basic Ingredients
A five-part relation and a layered model
Trust as mental attitude: A Belief-based and Goal-based Model
Expectations: Their Nature and Cognitive Anatomy
No danger;: Negative or Passive or Defensive Trust
Weakening the belief-base: Implicit Beliefs, Acceptances, and Trust by-default
From Disposition to Action
Can we decide to Trust?
Risk, Investment and Bet
Trust and Delegation
The others parts of the relation: the delegated task and the context
Genuine Social trust: Trust and Adoption
Resuming the model
Reference
Socio-Cognitive Model of Trust: Quantitative Aspects
Degrees of Trust: a principled quantification of Trust
Relationships between Trust in Beliefs and Trust in Action and Delegation
A Belief-based Degree of Trust
To Trust or not to Trust: Degrees of Trust and Decision to Trust
Positive Trust is not enough: A variable Threshold for risk acceptance/avoidance
Generalizing the Trust decision to a set of agents
When trust is too few or too much
Conclusions
Reference
The Negative Side: Lack of Trust, Implicit Trust, Mistrust, Doubts and Diffidence
From Lack of Trust to Diffidence: Not simply a matter of degree
Lack of Trust
The complete picture
In sum
Trust and Fear
Implicit and By-default forms of Trust
Insufficient Trust
Trust on credit: the game of ignorance
Control and uncertainty
References
The affective and intuitive forms of trust: the confidence we inspire
Two forms of Evaluation
The Dual Nature of Valence: Cognitive Evaluations Versus Intuitive Appraisal
Evaluations
Appraisal
Relationships between appraisal and evaluation
Trust as feeling
Trust disposition as an emotion and trust action as an impulse
Basing trust on the emotions of the other
The possible affective base of generalized trust and trust atmosphere
Layers and paths
Conclusions about Trust and Emotions
References
Dynamics of Trust
Mental Ingredients in Trust Dynamics
Experience as an Interpretation Process: Causal Attribution for Trust
Changing the Truste's Trustworthiness
The Dynamics of Reciprocal Trust and Distrust
The Diffusion of Trust: Authority, Example, Contagion, Web of Trust
Trust through Transfer and Generalization
The Relativity of Trust: reasons for Trust Crisis
Concluding remarks
References
Trust, Control and Autonomy: A Dialectic Relationship
Trust and Control: a complex Relationship
Adjusting Autonomy and Delegation on the basis of Trust in Y
Conclusions
References
The Economic Reductionism and Trust (Ir)rationality
Irrational bases for trust?
Is Trust an optimistic and irrational attitude and decision?
Is Trust just the subjective probability of the favorable event?
Trust in Game Theory: from opportunism to reciprocity
Trust Game: a Procust's bed for Trust theory
Does Trust presuppose Reciprocity?
The varieties of Trust responsiveness
Trusting as signaling
Concluding remarks
References
The Glue of Society
Why Trust is the Glue of Society
Trust and Social Order
How the action of Trust acquires the social function of creating Trust
From micro to macro: A web of Trust
Trust and Contracts
Is Trust based on Norms?
Trust: the catalyst of Institutions
References
On the Truste's Side: Trust as Relational Capital
Trust and Relational Capital
Cognitive Model of Being Trusted
Dynamics of Relational Capital
From Trust Relational Capital to Reputational Capital
Conclusions
References
A Fuzzy Implementation for the Socio-Cognitive approach to Trust
Using a Fuzzy Approach
Scenarios
Belief Sources
Building Belief Sources
Implementation with Nested FCMs
Converging and Diverging Belief Sources
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Sources
Modeling Beliefs and Sources
Overview of the Implementation
Description of the Model
Running the Model
Experimental Setting
Learning Mechanisms
Contract Nets for Evaluating Agent Trustworthiness
References
Trust and Technology
The main differente between Trust and Security
Trust Models and Technology
Concluding Remarks
References
Concluding Remarks and Pointers
Against Reductionism
Neuro-Trust and the need for a theoretical model
Trust, Institutions, Politics
References
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Trust Theory A Socio-Cognitive and Computational Model

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Table of Contents

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