Ultrasound-Guided Procedures and

Recognizing the increasing importance of ultrasonography in the evaluation and management of patients across a range of medical disciplines, this guide provides illustrative instruction on the performance and interpretation of ultrasound examinations in emergency, critical care, hospital, and outpatient settings.

Preface

iii

Contributors

ix

ABCs of Ultrasound Imaging

1

(16)

James F. Greenleaf

Introduction

1

(1)

Elements of Ultrasound Imaging

2

(3)

Image Acquisition

5

(1)

System Description

5

(6)

Signal Processing

11

(3)

Display

14

(2)

References

16

(1)

Ultrasound Guidance for Central Venous Catheterization

17

(18)

Momen M. Wahidi

Introduction

17

(1)

Definitions

18

(1)

Ultrasound as an Imaging Modality for Vessels

18

(3)

Technical Aspects

21

(2)

Evidence Supporting the Use of Ultrasound in Central Venous Access

23

(4)

Current Use and Future Directions

27

(1)

Other Uses of Ultrasound in Venous Access

28

(1)

Credentialing and Training

29

(1)

Summary

29

(2)

References

31

(4)

Ultrasound-Guided Thoracentesis

35

(10)

David Feller-Kopman

Introduction

35

(1)

Technical Aspects

35

(2)

Ultrasonographic Features of Effusions

37

(2)

Guidance for Thoracentesis

39

(1)

Pneumothorax

40

(1)

Summary

41

(1)

References

42

(3)

Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Drainage

45

(18)

F. J. F. Herth

Malignant Effusions

45

(1)

Parapneumonic Effusions / Empyemas

46

(1)

Lung Abscess

47

(4)

Pneumothorax

51

(1)

Technique of Ultrasound-Guided Drainage

52

(3)

Technique of Pleurodesis

55

(2)

Complications

57

(1)

Summary

58

(1)

References

59

(4)

Ultrasound-Guided Transthoracic Needle Biopsy

63

(12)

Peter Doelken

Introduction

63

(2)

Ultrasound Equipment

65

(1)

Imaging

66

(1)

Fine Needle Aspiration

67

(1)

Core Needle Biopsy

67

(1)

Lung

68

(1)

Pleura

69

(1)

Mediastinum

70

(1)

Contraindications

70

(1)

Complications

71

(1)

Conclusion

72

(1)

References

73

(2)

The Use of Ultrasound in Trauma

75

(22)

Carlo L. Rosen

Carrie D. Tibbles

Jason A. Tracy

Introduction

75

(1)

Advantages and Disadvantages

76

(1)

Indications

76

(1)

Technique and Findings

77

(5)

Blunt Abdominal Trauma

82

(7)

Detection of Hemothorax

89

(1)

Penetrating Abdominal Trauma

90

(1)

Penetrating Chest Trauma

91

(2)

Summary

93

(1)

References

94

(3)

Emergent Pelvic Ultrasound

97

(24)

Chris Moore

Approach to Pelvic Ultrasound

97

(5)

Ultrasound in Early Pregnancy

102

(8)

Ultrasound in Later Pregnancy

110

(2)

Pelvic Ultrasound in the Nonpregnant Patient

112

(2)

Fluid in the Pelvis

114

(4)

References

118

(3)

Basic Cardiac Echo

121

(18)

Paul Mayo

Introduction

121

(1)

Technical Issues

121

(1)

The Complete Echocardiogram

122

(3)

Training, Competence, and Certification Issues

125

(5)

Clinical Applications of Echocardiography by the Noncardiologist

130

(3)

Conclusion

133

(1)

References

134

(5)

Documentation

139

(10)

Michael J. Simoff

Introduction

139

(1)

Reports

140

(2)

Protocols

142

(2)

Study Documentation

144

(1)

Report Documentation

144

(2)

The Report

146

(1)

Summary

146

(1)

References

147

(2)

Ultrasound: Future Directions

149

(32)

Christopher J. Harvey

Martin J. K. Blomley

David O. Cosgrove

Introduction

149

(2)

Components of a Real-Time B-Mode Ultrasound System

151

(25)

Summary

176

(1)

References

177

(4)

Ultrasound Competency

181

(8)

William Lunn

Armin Ernst

Introduction

181

(1)

Competence Defined

182

(1)

Ultrasound Competence

182

(4)

Conclusions

186

(1)

References

187

(2)

Index

189

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Ultrasound-Guided Procedures and Investigations: A Manual for the Clinician

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials