Un Contributions to Development Thinking and

UN Contributions to Development Thinking and Practice is at once a history of the ideas and realities of international development, from the classical economists to the recent emphasis on human rights, and a history of the UN's role in shaping and implementing development paradigms over the last half century. The authors, all prominent in the field of development studies, argue that the UN's founding document, the UN Charter, is infused with the human values and human concerns that are at the centre of the UN's thinking on economic and human development today. In the intervening period, the authors show how the UN's approach to development evolved from mainstream areas of economic development to include issues of employment, poverty reduction, fairer distribution of the benefits of growth, equality of men and women, child development, social justice, and environmental sustainability.

Richard Jolly is Senior Research Fellow at the CUNY Graduate Center, where he is co-director of the United Nations Intellectual History Project. Louis Emmerij is Senior Research Fellow at the CUNY Graduate Center, where he is co-director of the United Nations Intellectual History Project.

Dharam Ghai is Advisor to the International Labour Organization. Fr+¬d+¬ric Lapeyre is Professor at the Institute of Development Studies, Catholic University of Louvain, and a member of the United Nations Intellectual History Project.

List of Boxes, Tables, and Figures

vii

Foreword

Louis Emmerij, Richard Jolly, and Thomas G. Weiss

ix

Preface and Acknowledgments

xiii

List of Abbreviations

xv

Part I. Values and History

1 Has There Been Progress? Values and Criteria for UN History

3

(13)

2 The History of Development Thinking from Adam Smith to John Maynard Keynes

16

(33)

Part II. Ideas and Action

3 The 1940's and 1950's: The Foundations of UN Development Thinking and Practice

49

(36)

4 The 1960's: The UN Development Decade-Mobilizing for Development

85

(26)

5 The 1970's: Equity in Development

111

(27)

6 The 1980's: Losing Control and Marginalizing the Poorest

138

(31)

7 The 1990's: Rediscovering a Human Vision

169

(17)

8 Building the Human Foundations

186

(34)

9 Structural and Sectoral Change

220

Part III. Outcomes and the Future

10 The Record of Performance

247

(29)

11 UN Contributions and Missed Opportunities

276

(23)

12 Lessons for the Future: Development Thinking and the UN's Future

299

(18)

Appendix: Country Categories and Distribution of Population and GDP by Regions

317

(2)

Notes

319

(50)

Index

369

(16)

About the Authors

385

(2)

About the Project

387

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Un Contributions to Development Thinking and Practice

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials