Understanding Art (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

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ISBN: 9780534613624 | 0534613624
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 7/23/2003

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I. INTRODUCTION. 1. What is Art? II. THE LANGUAGE OF ART. 2. The Visual Elements. 3. Principles of Design. 4. Style, Form and Content. III. TWO-DIMENSIONAL MEDIA. 5. Drawing. 6. Painting. 7. Printmaking. 8. Imaging: Photography, Film, Video, and Digital Arts. IV. THREE-DIMENSIONAL MEDIA. 9. Sculpture. 10. Architecture. 11. Craft and Design. V. ART THROUGH THE AGES. 12. The Art of the Ancients. 13. Classical Art: Greece and Rome. 14. Christian Art: From Catacombs to Cathedral. 15. The Renaissance. 16. The Age of Baroque. 17. Art Beyond the West. VI. ART IN MODERN AND POSTMODERN TIMES. 18. Modern Art. 19. The Twentieth Century: The Early Years. 20. Contemporary Art. Glossary. Index. Photo Credits.

I. Introduction

1. What Is Art?

(22)

Art Creates Beauty

(1)

Art Enhances Our Environment

(3)

Art Reveals Truth

(1)

Art Immortalizes

(1)

Art Expresses Religious Beliefs

(1)

Art Expresses Fantasy

(2)

Art Stimulates the Intellect and Fires the Emotions

(1)

Art Creates Order and Harmony

(2)

Art Expresses Chaos

(1)

Art Records and Commemorates Experience

(3)

Art Reflects the Social and Cultural Context

(1)

Art Protests Injustice and Raises Social Consciousness

(2)

Art Elevates the Commonplace

(2)

Art Meets the Needs of the Artist

(2)

II. The Language of Art

2. Visual Elements of Art

(46)

Line

(9)

Characteristics of Line

(5)

Functions of Line

(4)

Shape, Volume, and Mass

(9)

Mass

(1)

Types of Shape

(6)

Light and Value

(4)

Chiaroscuro

(1)

Descriptive and Expressive Properties of Value

(1)

Color

(6)

Psychological Dimensions of Color: Hue, Value, Saturation

(1)

Complementary Versus Analogous Colors

(2)

Local Versus Optical Color

(2)

Texture

(4)

Actual Texture

(1)

Visual Texture

(1)

Subversive Texture

(1)

Space

(5)

Overlapping

(1)

Relative Size and Linear Perspective

(3)

Atmospheric Perspective

(1)

Time and Motion

(8)

Actual Motion

(1)

Implied Motion and Time

(2)

The Illusion of Motion

(5)

3. Principles of Design

(26)

Unity and Variety

(2)

Balance

(7)

Actual Balance and Pictorial Balance

(1)

Symmetrical Balance

(1)

Asymmetrical Balance

(1)

Horizontal, Vertical, and Radial Balance

(2)

Imbalance

(1)

Emphasis and Focal Point

(3)

Rhythm

(2)

Scale

(5)

Hierarchical Scaling

(2)

Distortion of Scale

(2)

Proportion

(6)

The Canon of Proportions: "Keeping Things in Proportion"

(1)

The Golden Mean

(2)

The Spiral

(3)

4. Style, Form, and Content

(16)

Style

(7)

Art, Culture, and Context

(4)

Realistic Art

102

(1)

Realistic Versus Representational Art

102

(1)

Expressionistic Art

102

(2)

Abstract Art

104

(1)

Form

105

(1)

Content

105

(8)

The Levels of Content

105

(5)

Iconography

110

(3)

III. Two-Dimensional Media

5. Drawing

113

(16)

Categories of Drawing

114

(1)

Drawing Materials

115

(11)

Dry Media

116

(6)

Fluid Media

122

(4)

Cartoons

126

(3)

6. Painting

129

(14)

Paint

130

(1)

Types of Painting

130

(10)

Fresco

130

(1)

Encaustic

131

(1)

Tempera

132

(1)

Oil

132

(4)

Acrylic

136

(2)

Watercolor

138

(1)

Spray Paint

139

(1)

Mixed Media

140

(3)

7. Printmaking

143

(14)

Methods of Printmaking

144

(1)

Relief

144

(2)

Woodcut

144

(1)

Wood Engraving

144

(2)

Intaglio

146

(6)

Engraving

146

(1)

Drypoint

147

(1)

Etching

148

(1)

Mezzotint and Aquatint

149

(2)

Other Etching Techniques

151

(1)

Lithography

152

(1)

Serigraphy

153

(1)

Monotype

154

(3)

8. Imaging: Photography, Film, Video, and Digital Arts

157

(30)

Photography

158

(14)

Cameras

160

(1)

Film

161

(1)

Digital Photography

162

(1)

History of Photography

162

(10)

Cinematography

172

(8)

Varieties of Cinematographic Techniques

172

(5)

Varieties of Cinematographic Experience

177

(3)

Video

180

(3)

Digital Art

183

(4)

IV. Three-Dimensional Media

9. Sculpture

187

(22)

Sculpture

188

(1)

Subtractive and Additive Types of Sculpture

188

(5)

Carving

188

(1)

Modeling

189

(1)

Casting

189

(4)

Construction

193

(1)

Types of Materials

193

(5)

Stone Sculpture

193

(1)

Wood Sculpture

194

(2)

Clay Sculpture

196

(2)

Metal Sculpture

198

(1)

Modern and Contemporary Materials and Methods

198

(11)

Constructed Sculpture

198

(1)

Assemblage

199

(2)

Ready-lades

201

(1)

Mixed Media

201

(1)

Kinetic Sculpture

201

(1)

Light Sculpture

202

(1)

Earthworks

203

(2)

A Portfolio of More Recent Sculpture

205

(4)

10. Architecture

209

(24)

Stone Architecture

210

(5)

Post-and-Lintel Construction

211

(2)

Arches

213

(1)

Vaults

213

(1)

Domes

214

(1)

Wood Architecture

215

(2)

Post-and-Beam Construction

216

(1)

Trusses

216

(1)

Balloon Framing

216

(1)

Cast-Iron Architecture

217

(3)

Steel-Cage Architecture

220

(3)

Reinforced Concrete Architecture

223

(3)

Steel-Cable Architecture

226

(3)

Shell Architecture

229

(4)

11. Craft and Design

233

(28)

Ceramics

234

(6)

Methods of Working with Clay

234

(1)

The Potter's Wheel

235

(1)

Glazing

236

(2)

Types of Ceramics

238

(2)

Glass

240

(4)

Techniques of Working Glass

240

(1)

Examples of Glassware

241

(3)

Fiber Arts

244

(4)

Weaving

244

(4)

Basketry

248

(1)

Metalwork and Jewelry

248

(2)

Wood

250

(1)

Design

250

(11)

Graphic Design

250

(2)

Industrial Design

252

(1)

Web Design

253

(3)

Urban Design

256

(5)

V. Art Through the Ages

12. The Art of the Ancients

261

(26)

Prehistoric Art

262

(3)

Upper Paleolithic Art

262

(2)

Mesolithic Art

264

(1)

Neolithic Art

264

(1)

Art of the Ancient Near East

265

(5)

Sumer

265

(2)

Akkad

267

(1)

Babylonia

268

(1)

Assyria

268

(1)

Persia

269

(1)

Egyptian Art

270

(7)

Old Kingdom

270

(4)

Middle Kingdom

274

(1)

New Kingdom

274

(1)

The Amarna Revolution: The Reign of Akhenaton and Nefertiti

275

(2)

Aegean Art

277

(10)

The Cyclades

278

(1)

Crete

278

(3)

Mycenae

281

(6)

13. Classical Art: Greece and Rome

287

(32)

Greece

288

(17)

Geometric Period

288

(1)

Archaic Period

289

(6)

Early Classical Art

295

(1)

Classical Art

296

(4)

Late Classical Art

300

(4)

Hellenistic Art

304

(1)

The Etruscans

305

(1)

Rome

306

(13)

The Republican Period

306

(3)

The Early Empire

309

(4)

The Late Empire

313

(6)

14. Christian Art: From Catacombs to Cathedrals

319

(24)

Early Christian Art

320

(2)

The Period of Persecution

320

(1)

The Period of Recognition

321

(1)

Byzantine Art

322

(2)

San Vitale, Ravenna

322

(1)

Hagia Sophia, Constantinople

323

(1)

Later Byzantine Art

324

(1)

Early Medieval Art

324

(4)

Carolingian Art

326

(1)

Ottonian Art

327

(1)

Romanesque Art

328

(7)

Architecture

329

(3)

Sculpture

332

(1)

Manuscript Illumination

333

(2)

Tapestry

335

(1)

Gothic Art

335

(8)

Architecture

336

(4)

Sculpture

340

(3)

15. The Renaissance

343

(32)

The Renaissance

344

(1)

Fifteenth-Century Northern Painting

344

(5)

Flemish Painting: From Page to Panel

344

(4)

German Art

348

(1)

The Renaissance in Italy

349

(26)

The Early Renaissance

349

(1)

Cimabue and Giotto

349

(3)

The Renaissance Begins, and So Does the Competition

352

(3)

Renaissance Art at Midcentury and Beyond

355

(4)

The High Renaissance

359

(8)

High and Late Renaissance in Venice

367

(3)

High and Late Renaissance Outside of Italy

370

(1)

Mannerism

371

(4)

16. The Age of Baroque

375

(24)

The Baroque Period in Italy

376

(9)

St. Peter'd Cathedral

376

(1)

Baroque Period Artists

377

(8)

The Baroque Period Outside of Italy

385

(9)

Spain

385

(2)

Flanders

387

(1)

Holland

388

(4)

France

392

(2)

The Rococo

394

(5)

Rococo Period Artists

394

(5)

17. Art Beyond the West

399

(26)

African Art

400

(5)

Oceanic Art

405

(2)

Polynesia

406

(1)

Melanesia

406

(1)

Native Art of the Americas

407

(6)

Native Arts of Mexico

407

(4)

Native Arts of Peru

411

(1)

Native Arts of the United States and Canada

411

(2)

Islamic Art

413

(1)

Indian Art

414

(4)

Chinese Art

418

(2)

Japanese Art

420

(5)

VI. Art in Modern and Postmodern Times

18. Modern Art

425

(40)

Neoclassicism

426

(3)

Romanticism

429

(6)

Academic Art

434

(1)

Realism

435

(7)

Impressionism

442

(4)

Postimpressionism

446

(6)

Expressionism

452

(2)

American Expatriates

454

(2)

Americans in America

456

(3)

Art Nouveau

459

(1)

The Birth of Modern Sculpture

460

(5)

19. The Twentieth Century: The Early Years

465

(24)

The Fauves

466

(2)

Expressionism

468

(2)

Die Brücke (The Bridge)

468

(1)

Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider)

469

(1)

The New Objectivity (Neue Sachlichkeit)

470

(1)

Cubism

470

(6)

Analytic Cubism

472

(1)

Synthetic Cubism

473

(2)

Cubist Sculpture

475

(1)

Futurism

476

(2)

Futurist Artists

476

(2)

Early Twentieth-Century Abstraction in the United States

478

(1)

291 Gallery

478

(1)

The Armory Show

479

(1)

Early Twentieth-Century Abstraction in Europe

479

(3)

Fantasy and Dada

482

(3)

Fantastic Art

482

(2)

Dada

484

(1)

Surrealism

485

(4)

20. Contemporary Art

489

(41)

Contemporary Art

490

(1)

Painting

490

(1)

The New York School The First Generation

490

(7)

Turning the Corner Toward an Abstract Expressionism

490

(2)

Focus on Gesture

492

(3)

Focus on the Color Field

495

(1)

Combined Gesture and Color-Field Painting

496

(1)

The New York School: The Second Generation

497

(2)

Color-Field Painting

498

(1)

Minimal Art

498

(1)

Figurative Painting

499

(1)

Figurative Painters

499

(1)

Pop Art

500

(3)

Photorealism

503

(1)

Op Art (Optical Painting)

504

(1)

New Image Painting

504

(2)

Pattern Painting

506

(1)

The Shaped Canvas

506

(1)

Neo-Expressionism

507

(2)

Sculpture

509

(9)

Sculpture at Mid-Twentieth Century

509

(1)

Contemporary Figurative Sculpture

510

(2)

Contemporary Abstract Sculpture

512

(6)

Feminist Art

518

(4)

Deconstructivist Architecture

522

(2)

A Portfolio of Art in the New Millennium

524

(6)

Glossary

530

(10)

Index

540

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Understanding Art (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials