Understanding and Using English Grammar with Audio CDs and Answer Key

CHAPTER 1    OVERVIEW OF VERB TENSES

1-1        The Simple Tenses

1-2        The Progressive Tenses

1-3        The Perfect Tenses

1-4        The Perfect Progressive Tenses

1-5        Summary Chart of Verb Tenses

1-6        Spelling of -ing and -ed Forms

CHAPTER 2    PRESENT AND PAST; SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVE

2-1        Simple Present

2-2        Present Progressive

2-3        Non-Progressive Verbs

2-4        Regular and Irregular Verbs    

2-5        Irregular Verb List    

2-6        Regular Verbs: Pronunciation of -ed Endings

2-7        Simple Past

2-8        Past Progressive

2-9        Using Progressive Verbs with always

2-10      Using Expressions of Place with Progressive Verbs

CHAPTER 3    PERFECT AND PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES

3-1        Present Perfect

3-2        Have and has in Spoken English

3-3        Present Perfect vs. Simple Past

3-4        Present Perfect Progressive

3-5        Past Perfect

3-6        Had in Spoken English

3-7        Pest Perfect Progressive

CHAPTER 4    FUTURE TIME

4-1        Simple Future: will and be going to

4-2        Will vs. be going to

4-3        Expressing the Future in Time Clauses

4-4        Using the Present Progressive and the Simple Present to Express Future Time

4-5        Future Progressive

4-6        Future Perfect and Future Perfect Progressive

CHAPTER 5    REVIEW OF VERB TENSES

CHAPTER 6    SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT

6-1        Final -s/-es Use, Pronunciation, and Spelling

6-2        Basic Subject-Verb Agreement

6-3        Subject-Verb Agreement: Using Expressions of Quantity

6-4        Subject-Verb Agreement: Using there + be

6-5        Subject-Verb Agreement: Some Irregularities

CHAPTER 7    NOUNS

7-1        Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns

7-2        Possessive Nouns

7-3        Nouns as Adjectives

7-4        Count and Noncount Nouns

7-5        Noncount Nouns

7-6        Some Common Noncount Nouns

7-7        Basic Article Usage

7-8        General Guidelines For Article Usage

7-9        Expressions of Quantity Used with Count and Noncount Nouns

7-10      Using a few and few; a little and little

7-11      Singular Expressions of Quantity: one, each, every

7-12      Using of in Expressions of Quantity

CHAPTER 8    PRONOUNS  

8-1        Personal Pronouns

8-2        Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Generic Nouns and Indefinite Pronouns

8-3        Personal Pronouns:
 Agreement With Collective Nouns

8-4        Reflexive Pronouns

8-5        Using you, one, and they as Impersonal Pronouns

8-6        Forms of other

8-7        Common Expressions with other

CHAPTER 9    MODALS, PART 1

9-1        Basic Modal Introduction

9-2        Polite Questions with I as the Subject

9-3        Polite Questions with you as the Subject

9-4        Polite Requests with would you mind

9-5        Expressing Necessity: must, have to, have got to

9-6        Lack of Necessity and Prohibition: have to and must in the Negative

9-7        Advisability: should, ought to, had better

9-8        The Past Form of should

9-9        Obligation: be supposed to

9-10      Unfulfilled Intentions: was/were going to

9-11      Making Suggestions: let’s, why don’t, shall I/we

9-12      Making Suggestions: could vs. should         

CHAPTER 10    MODALS, PART 2

10-1      Degrees of Certainty: Present Time

10-2      Degrees of Certainty: Present Time Negative

10-3      Degrees of Certainty: Past Time

10-4      Degrees of Certainty: Future Time

10-5      Progressive Forms of Modals

10-6      Ability: can and could

10-7      Using would to Express a Repeated Action in the Past

10-8      Expressing Preference: would rather

10-9      Combining Modals with Phrasal Modals

10-10    Summary Chart of Modals and Similar Expressions

CHAPTER 11    THE PASSIVE

11-1      Active vs. Passive

11-2      Tense Forms of the Passive

11-3      Using the Passive

11-4      The Passive Form of Modals and Phrasal Modals

11-5      Non-progressive Passive

11-6      Common Non-progressive Verbs + Prepositions

11-7      The Passive with get

11-8      Participial Adjectives

CHAPTER 12    NOUN CLAUSES

12-1      Introduction

12-2      Noun Clauses Beginning with a Question Word

12-3      Noun Clauses Beginning with whether or if

12-4      Question Words Followed by Infinitives

12-5      Noun Clauses Beginning with that

12-6      Quoted Speech

12-7      Reported Speech: Verb Forms in Noun Clauses

12-8      Using The Subjunctive in Noun Clauses

12-9      Using -ever Words

CHAPTER 13    ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

13-1      Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Subject

13-2      Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Verb

13-3      Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Preposition

13-4      Using whose

13-5      Using where in Adjective Clauses

13-6      Using when in Adjective Clauses

13-7      Using Adjective Clauses to Modify Pronouns

13-8      Punctuating Adjective Clauses

13-9      Using Expressions of Quantity in Adjective Clauses

13-10    Using which to Modify a Whole Sentence

13-11    Reducing Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases

CHAPTER 14    GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES, PART 1

14-1      Gerunds: Introduction

14-2      Using Gerunds as the Objects of Prepositions

14-3      Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds

14-4      go + Gerund

14-5      Special Expressions Followed by -ing

14-6      Common Verbs Followed by Infinitives

14-7      Common Verbs Followed by Either Infinitives or Gerunds

14-8      It + Infinitives; Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects

14-9      Reference List of Verbs Followed by Gerunds

14-10    Reference List of Verbs Followed by Infinitives

CHAPTER 15    GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES, PART 2

15-1      Infinitive of Purpose: in order to

15-2      Adjectives Followed by Infinitives

15-3      Using Infinitives With too and enough

15-4      Passive Infinitives and Gerunds

15-5      Using Gerunds or Passive Infinitives Following need            

15-6      Using Verbs of Perception

15-7      Using the Simple Form after let and help

15-8      Using Causative Verbs: make, have, get

CHAPTER 16    COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

16-1      Parallel Structure

16-1      Parallel Structure: Using Commas

16-3      Using Paired Conjunctions: both . . . and; not only . . . but also; either . . . or; neither . . . nor

16-4      Separating Independent Clauses with Periods; Connecting with and and but

CHAPTER 17    ADVERB CLAUSES

17-1      Introduction

17-2      Using Adverb Clauses to Show Time Relationships

17-3      Using Adverb Clauses to Show Cause and Effect

17-4      Expressing Contrast (Unexpected Result): Using even though

17-5      Showing Direct Contrast: while

17-6      Expressing Conditions in Adverb Clauses: if -Clauses

17-7       Shortened if -Clauses

17-8      Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using whether or not and even if

17-9      Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using in case

17-10    Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using unless

17-11    Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using only if

CHAPTER 18     REDUCTION OF ADVERB CLAUSES TO MODIFYING ADVERBIAL PHRASES

18-1      Introduction

18-2      Changing Time Clauses to Modifying Adverbial Phrases

18-3      Expressing The Idea of "During The Same Time" in Modifying Adverbial Phrases

18-4      Expressing Cause and Effect in Modifying Adverbial Phrases

18-5      Using upon + -ing in Modifying Adverbial Phrases

CHAPTER 19    CONNECTIVES THAT EXPRESS CAUSE AND EFFECT, CONTRAST. AND CONDITION

19-1      Using because of and due to

19-2      Cause and Effect: Using therefore and consequently

19-3      Summary of Patterns and Punctuation

19-4    Other Ways of Expressing Cause and Effect: such . . . that and so . . . that

19-5      Expressing Purpose: Using so that

19-6      Showing Contrast (Unexpected Result)

19-7    Showing Direct Contrast

19-8      Expressing Conditions: Using otherwise and or (else)

19-9      Summary of Connectives: Cause and Effect, Contrast, Condition

Chapter 20 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISHES

20-1      Overview of Basic Verb Forms Used in Conditional Sentences

20-2      True in the Present or Future

20-3      Untrue (Contrary to Fact) in the Present or Future

20-4      Untrue (Contrary to Fact) in the Past

20-5      Using Progressive Verb Forms in Conditional Sentences

20-6      Using "Mixed Time" in Conditional Sentences

20-7      Omitting if

20-8      Implied Conditions

20-9      Verb Forms Following wish

20-10    Using would to Make Wishes about the Future

APPENDIX:   SUPPLEMENTARY GRAMMAR CHARTS

Unit A: Basic Grammar Terminology

A-1        Subjects, Verbs, and Objects

A-2        Adjectives

A-3        Adverbs

A-4        Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases

A-5        The Verb be

A-6        Linking Verbs

Unit B: Questions

B-1       Forms of Yes/No and Information Questions

B-2       Question Words

B-3       Shortened Yes/No Questions

B-4       Negative Questions

B-5       Tag Questions

Unit C: Contractions

Unit D: Negatives

D-1       Using not and Other Negative Words

D-2       Avoiding Double Negatives

D-3       Beginning a Sentence with a Negative Word

Unit E: Preposition Combinations

E          Preposition Combinations with Adjectives and Verbs

Unit F: The Subjunctive

F          The Subjunctive in Noun Clauses

Unit G: Troublesome Verbs

G          Troublesome Verbs: raise/rise, set/sit, lay/lie

Listening Scripts

Index

Audio CD Tracking List

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