Upgrading and Repairing Networks

, by Mueller, Scott; Ogletree, Terry W.; Soper, Mark Edward

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ISBN: 9780789735300 | 078973530X
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 1/1/2006

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Summary

Supplemental Materials

The DEFINITIVE book on network upgrading and repair, updated with the latest changes in wireless and wired networking.

Introduction

(1)

Who Should Use This Book?

(1)

What Will You Find Inside?

(2)

What's New in This Edition

(2)

I. UP FRONT: NETWORK PLANNING AND DESIGN CONCEPTS

(66)

A Short History of Computer Networking

(4)

Overview of Network Topologies

(18)

LAN Topologies

(11)

Bus Topology

(1)

Star Topology

(2)

Ring Topology

(2)

Mesh Topology

(1)

Hybrid Topologies

(3)

Shared and Nonshared Network Media Topologies

(1)

Bridged Versus Routed Topologies

(1)

Building and Campus Topologies

(3)

Connecting Network Segments Within a Building: The Backbone

(1)

Design Considerations in a Campus LAN Environment

(1)

Scalability

(1)

Redundancy

(1)

Multi-Tiered Network Topology

(3)

Scalability

(1)

Redundancy

(1)

Fault Tolerance

(2)

Network Design Strategies

(12)

Planning a Logical Network Design

(5)

Who Are Your Clients?

(1)

What Kinds of Services or Applications Will the Network Offer?

(1)

What Degree of Reliability Do I Require for Each Network Link?

(1)

Choosing a LAN Protocol

(3)

Planning and Design Components

(3)

Document Everything

(1)

Test, Test, and Then Test Some More

(1)

Creating Policies and Procedures for Network Usage

(1)

Providing Training for Technical Personnel

(1)

You Can't Forget the Budget (or Can You?)

(1)

The Physical Network

(1)

Planning Resources

(1)

Upgrading Strategies and Project Management

(16)

Where Do You Start?

(1)

Determining When an Upgrade Is Necessary---The Evaluation Process

(5)

Determining User Requirements and Expectations

(1)

Maintaining Support for Legacy Applications

(1)

What Resources Are Needed for the Upgrade?

(1)

Planning an Upgrade

(2)

Documenting the Plan

(1)

Evaluating the Plan As It Applies to Corporate Policies and Procedures

(1)

Setting Goals

(1)

Scheduling Downtime

(1)

Milestones and Criteria

(1)

Back-Out Procedures

(1)

Testing the Plan

(2)

Evaluating Competing Products

(1)

The Pilot Project

(1)

Deployment

(1)

Team Personnel

(1)

Keeping Users Informed

(1)

Tracking Progress

(1)

User Training

(1)

Closing the Book---Documenting What Has Changed and Why

(1)

Other Considerations for Upgrading

(3)

Protecting the Network: Preventative Maintenance Techniques

(14)

Power Conditioning and Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPSs)

(4)

Power Is Money

(2)

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) and Standalone UPS Systems

(2)

Network Devices

(1)

Network Monitoring

(1)

Server and Workstation Backups

(5)

Backup Media---Tape, Optical Storage, and Hard Disk

(2)

Backup Rotation Schedules

(1)

Off-Site Storage

(1)

Routine Maintenance

(1)

Building Redundancy into the Network

(1)

Recovery Planning

(1)

Justifying Preventative Maintenance

(2)

II. PHYSICAL NETWORKING COMPONENTS

(114)

Wiring the Network---Cables, Connectors, Concentrators, and Other Network Components

(30)

Structured Wiring

(3)

The Work Area

(1)

The Backbone Cabling System Structure

(1)

The Horizontal Cabling System Structure

(1)

The Telecommunications Closet

(1)

Important Definitions

(4)

Physical Cable Types

(11)

Twisted-Pair Cabling

(4)

Coaxial Cables

(3)

Fiber-Optic Cables

(4)

Terminations and Connections

(7)

Crimping

(1)

Insulation Displacement Contact

(1)

Modular Jacks and Plugs

(1)

Modular Plug Pair Configurations

(1)

Common Outlet Configurations

(2)

Patch Panels

(1)

Terminating Fiber

(2)

Fiber-Optic Splicing

(1)

Fiber-Optic Patch Panels

(1)

General Considerations for Fiber-Optic Cabling

(1)

Small Form Factor Connectors (SFF)

(1)

Telecommunications Rooms

(4)

Open Office Cabling

(1)

Consolidation Points

(1)

General Horizontal Cabling Subsystem Specifications

100

(1)

Documenting and the Administration of the Installation

100

(1)

Records

100

(1)

Drawings

101

(1)

Work Orders

101

(1)

Reports

101

(2)

Network Interface Cards

103

(22)

Choosing a Hardware Bus Type

104

(6)

ISA

105

(1)

PCI

105

(2)

PCMCIA

107

(1)

CardBus

108

(1)

Different Cards, Different Speeds

109

(1)

Network Cable Connectors and Terminators

109

(1)

The Wired for Management (WfM) Initiative

110

(3)

Universal Network Boot

110

(1)

Asset Management

110

(1)

Power Management

111

(1)

Remote Wake-Up

111

(2)

Should You Enable WOL?

113

(1)

Multi-Homed Systems

113

(1)

Load Balancing and Dual-Redundant Network Controllers

114

(1)

Software Drivers

114

(2)

Packet Drivers

115

(1)

The Open Data-Link Interface (ODI)

115

(1)

The Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS)

116

(1)

IRQs and I/O Ports

116

(3)

IRQs

116

(2)

Base I/O Ports

118

(1)

Troubleshooting Network Cards

119

(6)

Checking the NIC Configuration on Linux

119

(2)

Checking the LEDs---Activity and Link Lights

121

(2)

Running the Adapter's Diagnostic Program

123

(1)

Contiguration Conflicts

123

(1)

Checking the Computer's Network Configuration

124

(1)

Preventative Steps to Take

124

(1)

Network Switches

125

(12)

How Switches Work

126

(6)

Segmenting the Collision Domain

128

(1)

Full-Duplex Ethernet Switches

129

(1)

Using Switches to Create a Collapsed Backbone

130

(2)

Switch Hardware Types

132

(3)

Cut-Through Switches

133

(1)

Store-and-Forward Switches

133

(1)

Layer 3 Switches

133

(1)

Putting a Switch in Your Home Office

134

(1)

Stackable and Chassis Switches

135

(1)

Switch Troubleshooting and Management

135

(2)

Virtual LANs

137

(10)

Virtual LANs and Network Topologies

138

(1)

Switching Based on Network Frames

139

(2)

Implicit and Explicit Tagging

141

(3)

Implicit Tagging

141

(1)

Explicit Tagging

141

(1)

MAC Address VLANs

142

(1)

Protocol Rule-Based VLANs

142

(1)

Using Explicit Tagging on the Network Backbone

143

(1)

IEEE Standards for Virtual LANs

144

(2)

What Kind of Switch Should You Buy?

146

(1)

Routers

147

(16)

What Routers Do

148

(2)

Hierarchical Network Organization

149

(1)

Providing Security

149

(1)

The Difference Between Routable Protocols and Routing Protocols

150

(1)

When Do You Need to Use a Router?

151

(6)

Growing LAN Sizes

151

(4)

Delegating Responsibility for Local Area Networks

155

(1)

Connecting Branch Offices

156

(1)

Using a Router to Protect Your Network---NAT and Packet Filtering

156

(1)

Router Ports and Connections

157

(1)

Configuring Routers

158

(1)

Router Chassis Types

159

(4)

Using Routers over Wide Area Networks (WANs)

161

(1)

Routers and the Internet

161

(2)

Network Attached Storage (NAS) and Storage Area Networks (SANs)

163

(22)

Local Versus Networked Storage Devices

165

(2)

Defining Network Attached Storage (NAS)

165

(1)

Defining a Storage Area Network (SAN)

166

(1)

Network Attached Storage

167

(2)

Network Appliances

167

(1)

NAS Protocols

168

(1)

NAS Capacity Limitations---Bandwidth and Storage

168

(1)

Storage Area Networks

169

(3)

SAN and NAS---Mix and Match

170

(1)

Using Fibre Channel as a Network Transport

170

(1)

Encoding Data on Fibre Channel Networks

170

(2)

Basic SANs: Arbitrated Loops

172

(4)

Initializing the Loop

173

(2)

Arbitrating for Loop Access

175

(1)

Using a Fabric Switched Topology for SANs

176

(2)

A Mixed Topology of Loops and Switches

178

(2)

IP SANs and iSCSI

180

(2)

What Kind of NAS or SAN Solution Should You Use?

182

(3)

III. LOW-LEVEL NETWORK PROTOCOLS

185

(40)

The IEEE LAN/MAN Committee Networking Standards

187

(8)

What Is the LAN/MAN Committee?

189

(4)

IEEE 802: Overview and Architecture

189

(2)

IEEE 802.1: Bridging and Management

191

(1)

IEEE 802.2: Logical Link Control

191

(1)

IEEE 802.3: CSMA/CD Access Method

192

(1)

IEEE 802.4: Token-Passing Bus Access Method and IEEE 802.5: Token-Ring Access Method

192

(1)

IEEE 802.7: Recommended Practices for Broadband Local Area Networks

193

(1)

IEEE 802.10: Security

193

(1)

IEEE 802.11: Wireless

193

(1)

Obtaining the IEEE 802 Standards Documents Free

193

(2)

Ethernet: The Universal Standard

195

(30)

A Short History of Ethernet

196

(3)

Variations on a Theme: How Many Kinds of Ethernet Are There?

197

(2)

Collisions: What Are CSMA/CA and CSMA/CD?

199

(4)

The Backoff Algorithm

202

(1)

Defining the Collision Domain---Buses, Hubs, and Switches

202

(1)

Restrictions on Legacy Ethernet Topologies

203

(1)

Limiting Factors of Ethernet Technologies

203

(1)

Interconnecting Devices and Cable Segment Length

203

(1)

The 5-4-3 Rule

204

(1)

Using a Bus Topology

204

(1)

Using a Star Topology

205

(1)

Hybrid LAN Topologies

206

(2)

Tree

206

(1)

Hierarchical Star

207

(1)

Using a Backbone to Connect the Enterprise

208

(1)

Ethernet Frames

208

(5)

XEROX PARC Ethernet and Ethernet II

209

(1)

The 802.3 Standard

210

(1)

The 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) Standard

211

(2)

Fast Ethernet (IEEE 802.3u) and Gigabit Ethernet (IEEE 802.3z)

213

(4)

Fast Ethernet

213

(2)

Gigabit Ethernet

215

(1)

10Gigabit Ethernet (IEEE 802.3ae)

216

(1)

Ethernet Problems

217

(3)

Collision Rates

217

(1)

Collision Types

218

(1)

Sampling Intervals

219

(1)

Reducing Collisions

219

(1)

Ethernet Errors

220

(3)

Simple Error Detection

220

(1)

Bad FCS and Misaligned Frames

220

(1)

Short Frames (Runts)

221

(1)

Giant Frames and labber

222

(1)

Multiple Errors

222

(1)

Broadcast Storms

222

(1)

Monitoring Errors

223

(2)

IV. DEDICATED CONNECTIONS AND WAN PROTOCOLS

225

(52)

Dial-Up Connections

227

(12)

The Point-to-Point Protocol and the Serial Line Internet Protocol

229

(1)

The Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)

230

(1)

The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

231

(5)

Establishing a Link: The Link Control Protocol (LCP)

234

(2)

Network Control Protocols (NCPs)

236

(1)

Configuring a Windows XP Professional Client for Dial-Up

236

(2)

When Dial-Up Isn't Fast Enough

238

(1)

Dedicated Connections

239

(18)

Leased Lines

240

(4)

The T-Carrier System

242

(1)

Fractional T1

243

(1)

Diagnosing Problems with T-Carrier Services

243

(1)

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

244

(7)

ATM Frames

245

(1)

ATM Connections

246

(1)

The ATM Architecture Model (B-ISDN/ATM Model)

247

(2)

LAN Emulation (LANE)

249

(1)

ATM Service Categories

250

(1)

The Importance of Frame Relay and the X.25 Interface

251

(6)

The Frame Relay Header

252

(1)

Network Congestion Signaling

253

(1)

The Local Management Interface Signal Mechanism

254

(1)

Using Switched Virtual Circuits (SVCs)

254

(1)

Possible Problems Using Frame Relay

255

(2)

Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) Technology

257

(12)

DSL and Cable Modems

258

(9)

Topological Differences Between Cable and DSL

259

(2)

A Quick Primer on the PSTN

261

(1)

xDSL

262

(5)

The Future of DSL

267

(2)

Using a Cable Modem

269

(8)

How Cable Modems Work

270

(3)

Providing IP Addresses to Cable Modems

271

(2)

First Generation Cable Modem Systems

273

(1)

How Cable Modems Differ from xDSL Broadband Access

273

(1)

The Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS)

274

(1)

Choosing Between Cable and DSL

275

(2)

V. WIRELESS NETWORKING PROTOCOLS

277

(80)

Introduction to Wireless Networking

279

(12)

Why Wireless Networks Have Proliferated

281

(2)

Access Points and Ad Hoc Networks

283

(3)

Ad Hoc Networks

283

(1)

Using an Access Point to Mediate Wireless Communications

284

(2)

Physical Transmission Technologies

286

(2)

Frequency Hopping Versus Spread Spectrum

286

(2)

The IEEE 802.11 Wireless Standard

288

(2)

The Physical Layer

288

(1)

The MAC Layer

288

(1)

Other Services Performed at the MAC Layer

289

(1)

Sources of Interference for Wireless Networks

290

(1)

IEEE 802.11b: Wi-Fi Pioneer

291

(10)

Components of an 802.11-Based Wireless Network

292

(1)

802.11b---First, But Fading Away

292

(2)

802.11b/g Channels

292

(1)

Proprietary Extensions to 802.11b

293

(1)

What to Look for in an Access Point

294

(3)

Distance Limitations

296

(1)

Firewalls

296

(1)

Access Points with VPN Support

297

(1)

Do You Need a Wireless Network?

297

(1)

Connecting the Wireless Network to a Wired LAN

298

(1)

Dual-Mode Access Points

298

(1)

Why Wi-Fi?

299

(2)

Faster Service: IEEE 802.11a

301

(8)

Overview of the IEEE 802.11a Standard

302

(4)

Interference from Consumer Devices

302

(1)

Increased Bandwidth in the 5GHz Band

303

(1)

802.11a Signal Modulation

304

(1)

802.11a Channels

304

(1)

Proprietary Extensions to 802.11a

305

(1)

Using Wireless Networking in Public Places

305

(1)

Security Concerns

306

(1)

Comparing 802.11a with 802.11b and 802.11g

306

(3)

The IEEE 802.11g Standard

309

(22)

Overview of the 802.11g Standard

310

(2)

Installing a Wireless-G Broadband Router

312

(9)

Installing and Configuring a Wireless Network Adapter

321

(6)

Using the Setup CD

321

(3)

Using the Windows XP Service Pack 2 Wireless Network Setup Wizard

324

(3)

Proprietary Extensions to the IEEE 802.11g Standard

327

(1)

Improving Network Performance with Dual-Band Wireless Technology

328

(1)

Which Wireless Protocol Should You Use?

329

(2)

Bluetooth Wireless Technology

331

(16)

The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)

333

(1)

General Overview of Bluetooth

333

(2)

Piconets and Scatternets

335

(3)

Piconets

336

(1)

Scatternets

336

(2)

Bluetooth Device Modes

338

(1)

SCO and ACL Links

339

(1)

SCO Links

339

(1)

ACL Links

339

(1)

Bluetooth Packets

339

(1)

What Are Bluetooth Profiles?

340

(5)

The Generic Access Profile

341

(1)

The Service Discovery Application Profile

342

(1)

The Cordless Telephony Profile and the Intercom Profile

342

(1)

The Serial Port Profile

343

(1)

The Headset Profile

343

(1)

The Dial-Up Networking Profile

343

(1)

Other Bluetooth Profiles

344

(1)

Bluetooth Is More Than a Wireless Communication Protocol

345

(2)

Security and Other Wireless Technologies

347

(10)

Instant Messaging and Consumer Devices

348

(1)

Comparing Mobile Information Devices

348

(1)

BlackBerry PDAs

349

(1)

Wireless Security

349

(7)

WEP

350

(2)

Wired Protected Access (WPA), WPA2, and 802.11i

352

(3)

How Well Do You Know Your Users?

355

(1)

Personal Area Networks (PANs)

356

(1)

VI. LAN AND WAN NETWORK, SERVICE, AND APPLICATION PROTOCOLS

357

(304)

Overview of the TCP/IP Protocol Suite

359

(44)

TCP/IP and the OSI Reference Model

360

(4)

TCP/IP Is a Collection of Protocols, Services, and Applications

362

(1)

TCP/IP, IP, and UDP

362

(1)

Other Miscellaneous Protocols

363

(1)

The Internet Protocol (IP)

364

(16)

IP Is a Connectionless Transport Protocol

365

(1)

IP Is an Unacknowledged Protocol

365

(1)

IP Is an Unreliable Protocol

365

(1)

IP Provides the Address Space for the Network

365

(1)

Just What Does IP Do?

366

(1)

Examining IP Datagram Header Information

366

(3)

IP Addressing

369

(11)

The Address Resolution Protocol---Resolving IP Addresses to Hardware Addresses

380

(6)

Proxy ARP

385

(1)

RARP---The Reverse Address Resolution Protocol

385

(1)

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

386

(9)

TCP Provides a Reliable Connection-Oriented Session

386

(1)

Examining TCP Header Information

386

(2)

TCP Sessions

388

(7)

TCP Session Security Issues

395

(1)

The User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

395

(2)

Examining UDP Header Information

395

(1)

Interaction Between UDP and ICMP

396

(1)

Ports, Services, and Applications

397

(1)

Well-Known Ports

397

(1)

Registered Ports

398

(1)

The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

398

(5)

ICMP Message Types

399

(4)

Basic TCP/IP Services and Applications

403

(32)

The File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

404

(15)

FTP Ports and Processes

405

(1)

Data Transfers

406

(1)

FTP Protocol Commands

407

(2)

Server Replies to FTP Commands

409

(2)

Using a Windows FTP Command-Line Client

411

(3)

Using Red Hat Linux FTP

414

(1)

Using the Red Hat Linux Command-Line FTP Client

415

(2)

The Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)

417

(2)

The Telnet Protocol

419

(5)

What Is a Network Virtual Terminal and NVT ASCII?

419

(1)

Telnet Protocol Commands and Option Negotiations

420

(3)

Telnet and Authentication

423

(1)

Using Telnet and FTP with a Firewall

424

(1)

The R-Utilities

425

(6)

How the Traditional R-Utilities Authorize Access to Your Network's Resources

425

(1)

The rlogin Utility

426

(2)

Using rsh

428

(1)

Using rcp

429

(1)

Using rwho

430

(1)

Using ruptime

430

(1)

The Finger Utility

431

(2)

Other Services and Applications Built on the TCP/IP Suite

433

(2)

Secure Network Services

433

(2)

Internet Mail Protocols: POP3, SMTP, and IMAP

435

(16)

How SMTP Works

436

(6)

The SMTP Model

438

(1)

SMTP Service Extensions

439

(1)

SMTP Commands and Response Codes

439

(2)

SMTP Response Codes

441

(1)

Putting It All Together

442

(1)

The Post Office Protocol (POP3)

443

(2)

The Authorization State

444

(1)

The Transaction State

444

(1)

The Update State

445

(1)

The Internet Message Access Protocol Version 4 (IMAP4)

445

(6)

Transport Protocols

446

(1)

Client Commands

446

(1)

System Flags

446

(1)

Retrieving the Message Header and Body of the Message

447

(1)

Data Formatting

447

(1)

The User's Inbox and Other Mailbox Naming

447

(1)

Universal Commands

447

(1)

Other IMAP Commands

448

(1)

Non Authenticated Commands

448

(1)

Authenticated Commands

448

(3)

Troubleshooting Tools for TCP/IP Networks

451

(30)

Checking the Host System's Configuration First

452

(5)

Using hostname and Related Commands

452

(1)

Using ipconfig and ifconfig to Check Host Configurations

453

(4)

Using ping and tracert to Check Connectivity

457

(19)

The ping Command

458

(4)

The traceroute Command

462

(4)

The netstat and route Commands

466

(6)

The arp Command

472

(1)

The tcpdump Utility

473

(2)

The WinDump Utility

475

(1)

Using the nslookup Command to Troubleshoot Name Resolution Issues

476

(1)

Other Useful Commands

477

(1)

Using Network Connection Repair in Windows XP

478

(3)

BOOTP and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

481

(42)

What Is BOOTP?

482

(7)

Format of the BOOTP Packet

483

(1)

The BOOTP Request/Reply Mechanism

484

(1)

BOOTP Vendor-Specific Information Options

485

(3)

Downloading an Operating System

488

(1)

Taking BOOTP One Step Further: DHCP

489

(8)

The DHCP Packet Format and Additional Options

491

(2)

The DHCP Client/Server Exchange

493

(4)

Installing and Configuring a DHCP Server on Windows 2000/2003

497

(26)

Installing the DHCP Server Service on Windows 2000 or Server 2003

497

(1)

Authorizing the Server

497

(2)

Using the MMC Action Menu

499

(5)

Configuring the DHCP Server and Scope Options

504

(3)

Providing Support for BOOTP Clients

507

(1)

Enabling the DHCP Relay Agent

508

(2)

What Is a DHCP Cluster?

510

(1)

Considerations for Using DHCP in Large or Routed Environments

510

(1)

How DHCP Interacts with Microsoft's Dynamic Domain Name Service (DNS)

511

(2)

Reservations and Exclusions

513

(1)

What Is APIPA?

514

(1)

Troubleshooting Microsoft DHCP

515

(1)

Managing Logging

516

(1)

Using DHCP with Red Hat Linux

517

(1)

The DHCP Server Daemon

517

(1)

The DHCP Relay Agent

518

(1)

Configuring a Router or WAP to Provide DHCP Services

519

(2)

Using MAC Address Filtering to Stop Unauthorized Users

521

(2)

Network Name Resolution

523

(32)

Hardware Versus Protocol Addresses

525

(1)

NetBIOS

525

(9)

The LMHOSTS File

525

(3)

Windows Internet Name Service

528

(6)

Installing and Configuring WINS on Windows 2000/2003 Servers

534

(7)

Managing the Windows 2000 WINS Server

535

(4)

Managing the Windows Server 2003 WIN Service

539

(1)

Using netsh Commands to Manage WINS

540

(1)

TCP/IP Names

541

(11)

The HOSTS File

543

(1)

Domain Name System

543

(7)

Configuring DNS Clients

550

(1)

Using nslookup

550

(1)

Dynamic DNS

551

(1)

Installing DNS on a Windows Server

552

(1)

Network Information Service

553

(2)

Using the Active Directory Service

555

(38)

Early Directory Technologies

556

(6)

The Difference Between the Directory and the Directory Service

557

(1)

Interesting Objects

557

(1)

What Active Directory Delivers

558

(1)

Evolution of Directory Services from X.500 to LDAP

559

(2)

The Active Directory Schema

561

(1)

Objects and Attributes

562

(2)

Standard Objects in the Active Directory

563

(1)

What Is a Domain Tree? What Is a Forest?

564

(3)

Domain Models---May They Rest in Peace

565

(1)

Partitioning the Active Directory into Domains

565

(1)

A Domain Is Still a Domain

566

(1)

Active Directory Trees and Forests

566

(1)

The Active Directory and Dynamic DNS

567

(4)

Dynamic DNS

568

(1)

How the Active Directory Uses DNS

568

(1)

Using Sites to Manage Large Enterprises

569

(1)

Directory Replication

570

(1)

Summarizing the Directory Data Using the Global Catalog

571

(1)

Active Directory Service Interfaces (ADSI)

571

(2)

Directory-Aware Application Programming

572

(1)

Now It's Just Domain Controllers and Member Servers

572

(1)

The Active Directory Schema

573

(8)

Modifying the Active Directory Schema

573

(8)

Finding Objects in the Active Directory

581

(4)

Finding a User Account

581

(3)

Finding a Printer in the Active Directory

584

(1)

Using Start/Search

585

(1)

The Active Directory Service and Windows Server 2003

585

(1)

New Active Directory Features in Windows Server 2003

585

(8)

Installing Active Directory on a Windows Server 2003 Computer

586

(7)

File Server Protocols

593

(34)

Why File Server Protocols are Important

594

(1)

Server Message Block (SMB) and the Common Internet File System (CIFS)

595

(13)

SMB Message Types

596

(1)

SMB Security Provisions

597

(1)

Protocol Negotiation and Session Setup

598

(1)

Accessing Files

599

(2)

Using NET Commands

601

(3)

Monitoring and Troubleshooting SMB Communications

604

(3)

Using the SMB/CIFS Protocol on Non-Microsoft Clients: Samba

607

(1)

The Common Internet File System (CIFS)

607

(1)

NetWare Core Protocol (NCP)

608

(2)

General Requests and Responses

609

(1)

Burst Mode

609

(1)

Request Being Processed Response

609

(1)

Terminating Connections

610

(1)

Unix Network File System (NFS)

610

(13)

Protocol Components: Remote Procedure Call (RPC) Protocol

610

(2)

External Data Representation (XDR)

612

(1)

The NFS Protocol and Mount Protocol

612

(1)

Configuring NFS Servers and Clients

613

(1)

NFS Client Daemons

614

(2)

Server-Side Daemons

616

(5)

Troubleshooting NFS Problems

621

(2)

Microsoft Distributed File System (DFS)

623

(4)

Creating a DFS Root

623

(1)

Adding Links to the DFS Root

624

(3)

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol

627

(8)

The Beginning of HTTP

628

(1)

Defining HTTP

629

(1)

HTTP Mechanics

630

(1)

HTTP Header Fields

630

(1)

URLs, URIs, and URNs

630

(5)

Routing Protocols

635

(12)

Basic Types of Routing Protocols

636

(7)

The Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

636

(6)

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

642

(1)

Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)

643

(4)

Combining Routing and Switching

644

(1)

Adding a Label

644

(1)

Using Frame Relay and ATM with MPLS

645

(2)

The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Protocol

647

(6)

Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryption

648

(4)

Digital Certificates

649

(1)

The SSI Handshake Procedure

649

(1)

Using Information in the Digital Certificate to Prevent Interception Attacks

650

(1)

http:// and https://

651

(1)

Adding Another Layer to the Network Protocol Stack

651

(1)

Does SSL Provide Enough Security for Internet Transactions?

652

(1)

OpenSource SSL

652

(1)

Introduction to the IPv6 Protocol

653

(8)

What's the Difference Between IPv4 and IPv6?

654

(1)

The IPv6 Headers

655

(4)

IPv6 Extension Headers

656

(2)

The Options Type Field for Hop-by-Hop and Destination Options

658

(1)

Other IPv6 Considerations

659

(1)

The Future of IPv6

659

(2)

VII. NETWORK USER AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

661

(146)

Windows NT Domains

663

(22)

Workgroups and Domains

665

(7)

Interdomain Trust Relationships

666

(3)

Domain Controllers

669

(1)

Windows NT Domain Models

669

(3)

Windows NT User Groups

672

(3)

Built-In User Groups

673

(1)

Creating User Groups

674

(1)

Special User Groups

675

(1)

Managing User Accounts

675

(6)

Adding a User to a Group

676

(1)

User Profiles

676

(1)

Limiting the Time a User Can Log On

677

(1)

Limiting Which Workstations a User Can Log On To

678

(1)

Account Information

678

(1)

Allowing Dial-Up Access

679

(1)

Replication Between Domain Controllers

680

(1)

Passwords and Policies

681

(2)

Detecting Failed Logon Attempts

682

(1)

Strategies to Minimize Logon Problems

683

(2)

Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003 User and Computer Management Utilities

685

(18)

The Microsoft Management Console

686

(1)

User Management

686

(7)

Creating a New User Domain in the Active Directory

686

(3)

Managing Other User Account Information

689

(3)

Using the Action Menu

692

(1)

Computer Management

693

(3)

Adding a Computer to the Domain

693

(1)

Managing Other Computer Account Information

694

(2)

Windows 2000 User Groups

696

(7)

Choosing a Group Based on the Group's Scope

696

(2)

Built-In Groups

698

(2)

Creating a New User Group

700

(2)

Other Things You Can Do with the Active Directory Computers and Users Snap-In

702

(1)

Managing Unix and Linux Users

703

(18)

User Administration

704

(9)

The /etc/passwd File

704

(2)

Using a Shadow Password File

706

(1)

The /etc/groups File

706

(1)

Adding or Removing User Accounts

707

(2)

Using a Linux GUI Utility to Manage Users

709

(4)

Network Information Service (NIS)

713

(6)

Master and Slave NIS Servers

714

(1)

NIS Maps

714

(1)

The NIS Server ypserve Daemon and Maps Location

715

(1)

Setting the NIS Domain Name Using the Command domainname

715

(1)

Starting NIS: ypinit, ypserve, and ypxfrd

716

(1)

NIS Slaves

717

(1)

Changing NIS Maps

718

(1)

Pushing Modifications to NIS Slave Servers

718

(1)

Other Useful NIS YP Commands

718

(1)

NIS Clients

718

(1)

Common Login Problems

719

(2)

Rights and Permissions

721

(28)

User-Level and Share-Level Security

722

(3)

Microsoft Windows Share-Level Security

724

(1)

Assigning User Rights for Windows 2000, Server 2003, and XP

725

(8)

Managing User Password Policies

730

(3)

NTFS Standard and Special Permissions

733

(3)

Windows Permissions Are Cumulative

736

(1)

User Groups Make Managing User Rights Easier

736

(1)

User Groups in Windows 2000 and Server 2003

737

(1)

Active Directory Groups

738

(2)

NetWare

740

(4)

Trustees

740

(1)

File-System Rights

740

(1)

Object and Property Rights

741

(1)

Differences Between NDS and File-System and Directory Rights

742

(1)

Inheritance of Rights

743

(1)

The Everyone Group and the (Public) Group

744

(1)

Unix and Linux

744

(5)

Viewing File Permissions

745

(1)

SUID and SGID File Permissions

746

(2)

Using the su Command

748

(1)

Network Printing Protocols

749

(8)

Printing Protocols and Printing Languages

750

(2)

Using lpr/lpd and the TCP Stream Protocols

751

(1)

Data Link Control Protocol (DLC)

752

(1)

Internet Printing Protocol (IPP)

752

(5)

IPP Object Types

753

(1)

IPP Operations

754

(1)

What's New in Version 1.1?

755

(1)

Where Can You Find IPP?

755

(2)

Print Servers

757

(50)

Unix/Linux Printing

758

(15)

The BSD Spooling System: lpr and lpd

758

(10)

The SVR4 Printing System

768

(5)

Configuring Windows Print Servers

773

(2)

Printers and Printing Devices

773

(2)

Installing and Configuring Printers on Windows Servers

775

(24)

Windows NT 4.0

775

(6)

Windows 2000 Server

781

(14)

Windows XP

795

(4)

Printing Under NetWare

799

(4)

Print Queue Object Properties

800

(1)

Printer Object Properties

801

(1)

Print Server Object Properties

802

(1)

Pserver.NLM and Nprinter.NLM

802

(1)

The NetWare 6.x iPrint Utility

803

(1)

Hardware-Based Print Servers---Print Server Appliances

803

(4)

VIII. SYSTEM AND NETWORK SECURITY

807

(108)

Basic Security Measures Every Network Administrator Needs to Know

809

(18)

Policies and Procedures

810

(6)

Network Connection Policy

810

(1)

Acceptable Use Statement and Usage Guidelines

811

(3)

Escalation Procedures

814

(1)

What a Security Policy Should Include

815

(1)

Physical Security Measures

816

(1)

Locking the Door

816

(1)

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

816

(1)

Disposing of Hardware and Media in a Secure Manner

817

(1)

The Two Sides of Security

817

(5)

Before the Fact: Controlling Access

817

(2)

After the Fact: Auditing Use

819

(1)

Passwords

820

(2)

System Daemons and Services

822

(1)

Removing Dead Wood

823

(1)

Delegating Authority

823

(2)

User Accounts

824

(1)

Application Servers, Print Servers, and Web Servers

824

(1)

Don't Forget About Firewalls

825

(2)

Auditing and Other Monitoring Measures

827

(24)

Unix and Linux Systems

829

(3)

Using syslog

829

(3)

System Log Files

832

(1)

Configuring Windows NT 4.0 Auditing Policies

832

(4)

Setting Up Events to Audit

833

(2)

Using the Windows NT 4.0 Event Viewer

835

(1)

Configuring Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003 Auditing Policies

836

(9)

Enabling Auditing for Files and Folders

838

(3)

Enabling Auditing for Printers

841

(1)

Logging Shutdown and Startup Events with Windows 2003 Server

841

(2)

Using the Event Viewer

843

(2)

Auditing Windows XP Professional Computers

845

(1)

Novell Security

846

(2)

Syscon and Auditcon

846

(2)

NetWare Auditing Solutions

848

(3)

Security Issues for Wide Area Networks

851

(20)

You've Been Targeted!

853

(1)

Computer Viruses, Trojan Horses, and Other Destructive Programs

854

(3)

Trojan Horse Programs

855

(1)

Computer Viruses

855

(1)

How Infections Occur

856

(1)

Your Network Under Fire---Common Attacks

857

(7)

Denial-of-Service Attacks

858

(1)

Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks

858

(2)

SYN Flooding

860

(1)

ICMP Redirects

860

(1)

The Ping of Death

861

(1)

Forged Email

862

(1)

Password Protection and SecurID and Smart Cards

862

(1)

Network Back Doors

863

(1)

Network Probes

864

(1)

Spoofing and Impersonation

864

(1)

If It's Too Good to Be True, It Isn't

865

(1)

Preventative Measures

865

(4)

Protecting Routers

865

(1)

The Network As Target

866

(1)

Protecting Host Computers---Encryption and Virus-Protection Software

866

(1)

Using Tripwire

867

(1)

User Awareness and Training

868

(1)

Staying on Top of Security Issues

869

(2)

Firewalls

871

(22)

What Is a Firewall?

872

(1)

Packet Filters

873

(4)

Filtering on IP Addresses

874

(1)

Filtering Based on Protocols

874

(1)

Filtering Based on Port Numbers

875

(2)

Intrusion Detection (Stateful Inspection)

877

(2)

Filtering Based on Applications

877

(1)

Windows Firewall Versus Third-Party Firewall Programs

877

(2)

Proxey Servers

879

(7)

Standard Proxy Applications

882

(2)

Impersonating the End User: Network Address Translation (NAT)

884

(1)

Advantages and Disadvantages of a Proxy Server

885

(1)

Hybrids

886

(3)

What to Expect from a Firewall

887

(2)

Inexpensive Firewalls for SOHO Environments

889

(2)

Hardware Solutions

889

(1)

Software Solutions

890

(1)

Using Both Hardware and Software Firewalls

891

(1)

How Do You Know That the Firewall Is Secure?

891

(2)

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and Tunneling

893

(14)

What Is a VPN?

894

(1)

The Mobile Workforce

894

(1)

Protocols, Protocols, and More Protocols!

895

(1)

IPSec Protocols

895

(4)

Internet Key Exchange (IKE)

896

(1)

The Authentication Header (AH)

897

(1)

Encapsulation Security Payload (ESP)

898

(1)

The Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)

899

(1)

Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)

900

(1)

L2TP Encapsulation

900

(1)

Creating a VPN Connection with Windows XP Professional

901

(3)

Setting Up and Using a VPN Connection in Windows XP

901

(3)

Troubleshooting a VPN Connection

904

(1)

Selecting a Router with VPN Support

904

(3)

Encryption Technology

907

(8)

Computers and Privacy

908

(1)

What Is Encryption?

908

(4)

Single-Key Encryption---Symmetric Encryption

909

(1)

Public-Key Encryption

910

(1)

RSA Public Key Cryptography

911

(1)

Digital Certificates

912

(1)

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)

913

(2)

IX. TROUBLESHOOTING NETWORKS

915

(46)

Strategies for Troubleshooting Network Problems

917

(10)

A Documented Network Is Easier to Troubleshoot

918

(4)

Documentation and Maintenance---Keeping Things Up-to-Date

921

(1)

Problem-Solving Techniques

922

(4)

The Problem Resolution Cycle

923

(3)

Auditing the Network to Locate Problem Sources

926

(1)

Pitfalls of Troubleshooting

926

(1)

Network Testing and Analysis Tools

927

(20)

Basics: Testing Cables

928

(4)

Handheld Cable Checkers

929

(1)

Cable Testers

929

(1)

Bit Error Rate Testers (BERT)

929

(1)

Time Domain Reflectometers

930

(1)

Impedance

931

(1)

Setting a Pulse Width

931

(1)

Velocity

931

(1)

Network and Protocol Analyzers

932

(8)

Establishing a Baseline

933

(1)

Statistical Data

934

(1)

Protocol Decoding

934

(1)

Filtering

934

(1)

Software-Based Analyzers

934

(4)

Other Software LAN Analyzer Products

938

(1)

Hardware Analyzers

939

(1)

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

940

(7)

SNMP Primitives

941

(1)

Network Objects: The Management Information Base (MIB)

941

(2)

Proxy Agents

943

(1)

The Complex Road to SNMPv2 and SNMPv3

943

(1)

RMON

944

(3)

Troubleshooting Small Office and Home Office (SOHO) Networks

947

(14)

Power Problems

949

(2)

Computer Configuration Issues

951

(5)

Component Problems---You Can't Get There from Here

956

(1)

Secure Those Cables!

956

(1)

Firewall Problems

957

(1)

Keeping Your Network Healthy

958

(1)

Wireless Networking Problems

959

(1)

When All Else Fails

960

(1)

X. UPGRADING NETWORK HARDWARE

961

(30)

Upgrading Older Ethernet Networks

963

(10)

Upgrading from 10Base-2 or 10Base-T

964

(1)

Hardware and Software Factors to Consider for 10Base-2, 10Base-T, and 100Base-T

965

(5)

Network Cables

966

(2)

Network Interface Card (NIC)

968

(1)

Network Cable Connectors

968

(1)

Bridges, Hubs, Repeaters, and Switches

969

(1)

Connecting Networks That Use Different Cables or Topologies

970

(1)

Other Possibilities

970

(1)

Upgrading the Network Backbone to Gigabit Ethernet

971

(1)

Using Gigabit Ethernet for High-End Servers

971

(1)

Gigabit Ethernet to the Desktop?

972

(1)

Gigabit Ethernet Can Cover the Distance

972

(1)

10 Gigabit Ethernet Is Becoming Economically Feasible

972

(1)

Upgrading from Bridges and Hubs to Routers and Switches

973

(12)

Growing Beyond a Small LAN

974

(3)

Segmenting the Network Can Improve Performance

976

(1)

Connecting Remote Locations

977

(1)

From Bridges to Routers

977

(4)

Network Protocol Issues

978

(1)

Network Addressing Issues

978

(1)

Other Router Management Issues

979

(1)

Using a Router to Segment the Network

979

(1)

Connecting to a Larger WAN or the Internet

980

(1)

From Bridges to Switches

981

(4)

Adding Wireless Networking to a LAN

985

(6)

Why Go Wireless?

986

(2)

Choosing Locations for Access Points

988

(2)

Security Issues

990

(1)

XI. MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION

991

(88)

Migrating from NetWare to Windows 2000 or Windows 2003

993

(24)

Windows Protocols and Services

994

(6)

Client Services for NetWare (CSNW)

995

(1)

Gateway Services for NetWare (GSNW)

996

(4)

Microsoft's Services for NetWare Version 5.0 (SFN)

1000

(17)

Comparison of Windows Server and NetWare File Permission Rights

1001

(2)

Installing File and Print Services for NetWare Version 5.0 (FPNW 5.0)

1003

(3)

Microsoft Directory Synchronization Services (MSDSS)

1006

(5)

File Migration Utility (FMU)

1011

(6)

Migration and Integration Issues: Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows 2003, Unix, and Linux

1017

(28)

Windows Server Support for Unix Protocols and Utilities

1018

(10)

TCP/IP

1019

(1)

Telnet

1020

(5)

The File Transfer Protocol

1025

(3)

Managing the FTP Service on Windows Server 2003

1028

(4)

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol and BOOTP

1030

(1)

DNS

1031

(1)

Applications

1032

(1)

Microsoft Windows Services for Unix 3.5

1033

(10)

Installing SFU 3.0

1034

(3)

Network File System

1037

(1)

The Korn Shell

1038

(2)

Password Synchronization

1040

(1)

User Name Mapping

1041

(1)

New Telnet Server and Client

1042

(1)

ActiveState ActivePerl 5.6

1043

(1)

Samba

1043

(1)

Sun Network Information System

1043

(2)

Migrating from Windows NT 4.0 to Windows 2000, Windows 2003, and Windows XP

1045

(26)

Do You Need to Upgrade the Operating System or Applications?

1046

(3)

Upgrading to Windows 2000 Server

1049

(6)

Before You Begin

1050

(1)

Windows NT Domain Controllers and Member Servers

1051

(1)

Modeling the Directory Structure After Your Business Organization

1052

(1)

Domains Are Partitions of the Active Directory

1053

(1)

Migration Considerations: Centralized Versus Decentralized Management

1054

(1)

Implementing a Migration to the Active Directory for Windows 2000

1055

(6)

Start by Upgrading Primary Domain Controller

1056

(1)

Adding Other Domains to the Active Directory

1057

(1)

Upgrade the Master Domain First

1057

(4)

Upgrade the BDCs Next

1061

(1)

Upgrading Windows NT 4.0 or Windows 2000 to Windows Server 2003

1061

(10)

Hardware Requirements for a Windows Server 2003 Upgrade

1062

(1)

The Application Compatibility Toolkit Application

1063

(1)

What Role Will Your Server Perform?

1064

(1)

An Example of Upgrading Windows 2000 Server to Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition

1065

(3)

Should You Continue to Use Windows 2000 Professional or Move to Windows XP Professional?

1068

(1)

Upgrading for SOHO Clients

1068

(3)

Migration and Integration: NetWare, Unix, and Linux

1071

(8)

Why Use Unix or Linux?

1072

(1)

Key Differences Between Unix/Linux and NetWare

1073

(1)

File Sharing

1073

(1)

Printer Sharing

1073

(1)

User Authentication

1073

(1)

Moving User Accounts

1074

(1)

Networking Protocols

1074

(1)

Applications

1074

(3)

Finding Linux Drivers for Hardware

1077

(1)

Novell Open Enterprise Server

1077

(2)

XII. APPENDIXES

1079

(2)

A. Overview of the OSI Seven-Layer Networking Reference Model

1081

(6)

It's Only a Model!

1082

(5)

Encapsulation

1083

(1)

Physical Layer

1083

(1)

Data Link Layer

1083

(1)

Network Layer

1084

(1)

Transport Layer

1084

(1)

Session Layer

1084

(1)

Presentation Layer

1084

(1)

Application Layer

1085

(2)

B. Networking Glossary

1087

(20)

C. Internet Resources for Network Administrators

1107

(10)

Standards Organizations

1108

(1)

Network Hardware and Software Manufacturers

1109

(3)

Wireless Networking

1112

(1)

Security

1112

(5)

D. The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

1117

(10)

A Quick Introduction to LDAP

1118

(1)

The X.500 Protocols and Standards

1118

(3)

Acronyms, Acronyms, Acronyms!

1119

(2)

The Schema

1121

(1)

The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

1121

(3)

The LDAP Protocol

1122

(1)

Binding to the Server

1122

(1)

Searching the Database

1123

(1)

Adding, Modifying, or Deleting Information in the Directory

1123

(1)

Comparing Information in the Directory

1123

(1)

LDAP Directories

1124

(3)

Windows 2000 Server, Windows Server 2003, and NetWare Are Not the Only Choices You Have

1124

(1)

Sticking to Standards: Interoperability Between Directories

1124

(3)

E. Introduction to Setting Up a SOHO Network

1127

(9)

Assessing Your Requirements: What Do You Need?

1128

(6)

Applications Drive Hardware Purchases

1130

(4)

SOHO Network Topologies

1134

(2)

Backup Solutions for a SOHO Network

1136

Index

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Upgrading and Repairing Networks

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials