The Uralic Language Family Facts, Myths and Statistics

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ISBN: 9780631231707 | 0631231706
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 6/10/2002

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In this detailed survey of Finnish, Hungarian, Lapp and the other Uralic Languages, Angela Marcantonio shows there is in fact no scientific evidence to support the belief that they form a genetic family. If this approach is accepted, this detailed analysis will have far-reaching consequences for other assumed language families.

Acknowledgements

xiii

List of Tables

xiv

List of Figures

Abbreviations

xvi

Uralic languages and language groups

xvi

Non-Uralic languages and language groups

xvii

Grammatical Abbreviations

xix

Abbreviations of Major Journals and Dictionaries

Transcription and References

xxii

Introduction

(18)

Aims of this book

(1)

The standard Uralic theory

(3)

Method

(8)

Evidence vs opinion

(3)

The history of the Uralic, theory

(1)

The Comparative Method

(2)

The Programme followed in this book

(2)

Systematic re-interpretation of evidence counter to the standard theory

(3)

Key patterns in the evidence

(1)

Introduction to the literature supporting and opposing the Uralic theory

(3)

The Historical Foundation of the Uralic Paradigm

(36)

The first historical sources

(14)

The Finnic people

(2)

The Hungarians

(1)

Summary of the historical sources

(2)

Fifth-century sources and their interpretation

(1)

Ninth/Tenth-century sources and their interpretation

(3)

Medieval sources and their interpretation

(2)

Interpretations between the 15th and early 19th centuries

(1)

The textbook interpretation of the prehistory of the Hungarians

(3)

The origin of the Finno-Ugric node: the `Ugric-Turkic battle'

(7)

History

(2)

Linguistic analysis of Budenz' original data

(1)

Introduction

(1)

The original data

(4)

The origin of the Uralic node

(4)

History

(2)

Linguistic analysis of Donner's original data

(2)

Linguistic models from the early 20th century

(2)

Models

(1)

Linguistic analysis

(1)

The Ural-Altaic theory

(2)

Conclusion

(5)

Summary of the evidence

(1)

Political influence on the paradigm

(4)

Modern Interpretations of the Uralic Paradigm

(14)

The textbook interpretation - the `standard Uralic theory'

(3)

Criticism of the textbook interpretation and proposed alternatives

(9)

Variations to the conventional family tree model

(6)

Rejection of the genetic affinity

(2)

Wider language families

(1)

Conclusion

(2)

Reconstructing the Sound Structure and Lexicon of the Uralic Family Tree

(67)

Janhunen's corpus: Proto-Finno-Permian-Samoyed

(4)

The number of sound-rules and etymologies

(2)

The `cumulative effect' of the Comparative Method in the Proto-Uralic corpus

(2)

The reconstruction of the Ugric node

(4)

Hungarian recognised as an isolate

(2)

A riddle solved

(1)

A riddle truly solved?

(2)

Outline of the phonological structure of the Uralic languages

(5)

Phoneme inventory

(1)

Quantitative opposition

(1)

Morpho-phonological alternations

(2)

Vowel harmony

(1)

Consonant gradation

(1)

Attempts to reconstruct the Proto-Uralic vocalism

(20)

Vowel alternation vs quantity correlation

(3)

Simplification of the Uralic family tree

(3)

Sammallahti's reconstruction of the Proto-Uralic and Proto-Finno-Ugric vocalism

(1)

The `reconstruction' of the P-Ob-Ugric vocalism

(1)

Matching Proto-Samoyed with Proto-Finnic: Janhunen's corpus

(1)

The question of Proto-Uralic quantity correlation

(3)

The question of the velar illabial vowels

(1)

The status of the Proto-Uralic sound structure

(4)

Conclusion on vocalism

102

(2)

Attempts to reconstruct the Proto-Uralic consonantism

104

(25)

The `reconstructed' Proto-Uralic consonantism

105

(2)

The sound-changes in consonantism

107

(1)

From Proto-Uralic to the modern languages

108

(10)

From Proto-Uralic to Proto-Finno-Ugric according to Sammallahti

118

(2)

The `Ugric' innovations

120

(1)

Ugric consonantal sound-changes

120

(3)

The presumed borrowing in the `Ugric period'

123

(2)

The position of Lapp

125

(1)

Sound-changes in progress

126

(1)

Conclusion on consonantism

127

(1)

Common phonological features in Eurasia

127

(2)

Conclusion

129

(7)

The status of the reconstructions

129

(2)

A possible interpretation of the evidence

131

(1)

A possible interpretation of the evidence within the paradigm?

132

(1)

Counter-evidence tends to be minimized

133

(3)

False Matches or Genuine Linguistic Correlations?

136

(18)

Introduction: the significance of the Proto-Uralic numerals `1' to `10'

137

(2)

The method

139

(4)

Results

143

(4)

Body-parts terms reported in UEW

143

(2)

Janhunen's corpus

145

(2)

The similarities that appear to be statistically significant

147

(4)

Conclusion

151

(3)

Borrowed or Inherited?

154

(26)

Methodology

155

(2)

The parallels with non-U languages

157

(6)

Body-parts and flora and fauna

157

(2)

Typical examples

159

(4)

The correlations between Uralic and Altaic

163

(2)

The correlations between Hungarian and non-Uralic languages

165

(8)

When and from which language did Hungarian borrow'?

168

(1)

The classification of the Turkic languages

168

(4)

The classification and chronology of the loan-words in Hungarian

172

(1)

The `Mongolian parallels` of the `Turkic loan-words'

173

(1)

The correlations between Uralic and Yukaghir

173

(2)

The position of Yukaghir

173

(1)

The lexical correlations

174

(1)

The correlations between Uralic and Indo-European

175

(4)

Genuine correlations or accidental look-alikes?

176

(1)

The nature of the words of Indo-European origin

177

(1)

On the nature of the morphological similarities

178

(1)

Conclusion

179

(1)

The Antiquity of Proto-Uralic

180

(23)

Reconstructed tree-names and the chronology of Proto-Uralic

181

(3)

Indo-European loan-words and the chronology of Proto-Uralic

184

(4)

The Proto-Indo-European period

186

(1)

The Proto-Indo-Iranian period

186

(2)

Redei's conclusion

188

(1)

Baltic and Germanic loan-words in the Finnic languages

188

(4)

The Baltic loan-words

189

(1)

The Germanic loan-words

190

(2)

Koivulehto's interpretation of the Indo-European loan-words

192

(5)

The Proto-Uralic segment `x' and the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals

193

(1)

Early Uralic/Indo-European contacts and the Uralic Urheimat

194

(1)

Indo-European loan-words, Asiatic loan-words, Wanderworter, or something else?

195

(2)

The presumed Uralic Substratum

197

(4)

Lexical interference

197

(1)

Morphological and morpho-syntactic interference

198

(1)

Phonological interference

199

(2)

Summary and conclusion

201

(2)

Morphology

203

(49)

Case endings and the basic typological structure of the Uralic languages

204

(1)

Reconstructing the `primary' Case endings

205

(4)

The formation of the `secondary' Case endings

209

(13)

Secondary endings formed through Exaptation

209

(3)

Secondary Case endings formed through Grammaticalisation

212

(1)

Examples of Grammaticalisation in Ostyak and some other Uralic languages

213

(2)

Grammaticalisation in Hungarian

215

(4)

The reciprocal order of Case endings and Possessive endings

219

(3)

Morphological correlations between Samoyed and Yukaghir

222

(2)

The Case system

222

(2)

The conventional interpretations of the Uralo/Yukaghir correlations

224

(1)

Grammatical endings

224

(13)

Possessive and Personal endings

225

(2)

Personal pronouns

227

(1)

Plurality and Duality in the Uralic languages

228

(1)

The endings of Plurality and Duality

228

(3)

Plurality is a relatively new grammatical category'

231

(3)

Plurality in Hungarian

234

(1)

Summary and conclusion on Plurality and Duality

235

(1)

Tense, Aspect, Mood and other derivational morphemes

236

(1)

Isomorphic constructions

237

(7)

Negative verb

238

(1)

0Aspect markers and verbal constructions

239

(1)

Infinitive, gerundive and verbal constructions

240

(1)

Postpositional constructions

241

(1)

The role of Typology

242

(2)

Distribution of consonantal formants in Eurasia

244

(5)

The formants

244

(1)

Mathematical analysis

245

(4)

Summary and conclusion

249

(3)

The status of Morphology in the Uralic languages

249

(1)

Case endings and the antiquity of the Uralic languages: some speculations

250

(2)

Completing the Picture: Proper Names, Archaeology and Genetics

252

(17)

Proper names

253

(12)

The ethnonyms in the Uralic languages

254

(1)

The `etymologies' of Suomi

254

(2)

The Hungarians' self-denomination

256

(1)

The chronological and linguistic development of magyar

256

(2)

The `etymologies' of magyar

258

(2)

The `Bashkiro-Hungarian complex'

260

(2)

Interpretation in the literature

262

(2)

The toponyms in the Uralic languages

264

(1)

Toponyms that span across the Uralic border

264

(1)

Genetics

265

(1)

Archaeology

266

(2)

Conclusion

268

(1)

Summary and Conclusion

269

(10)

Summary

269

(4)

Conclusions

273

(2)

The linguistic method

275

(4)

The Comparative Method is not sufficient

275

(2)

Where did the process go wrong?

277

(2)

Map The Distribution of Uralic Languages

279

(1)

Appendix I

280

(2)

Appendix II

282

(2)

Appendix III

284

(3)

Appendix IV

287

(2)

Appendix V

289

(2)

Notes

291

(15)

References

306

(23)

Indexes

329

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The Uralic Language Family Facts, Myths and Statistics

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

The Uralic Language Family Facts, Myths and Statistics

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Digital License