Urban Groundwater Pollution: IAH International Contributions to Hydrogeology 24

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ISBN: 9789058096296 | 9058096297
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 11/15/2003

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More than 90% of the developed world lives in cities, and developing countries are moving extremely rapidly in the same direction. Urban aquifers are vitally important for water supply, but are at high risk of pollution, and slow to cleanse themselves.This book explains the nature and value of urban groundwater. It discusses the types of pollutants that are found, and their sources. The unique aspect of this book, written by a UNESCO/IAH group, is the in-depth discussion of six different urban environments ranging from mature industrial cities, through weathered crystalline aquifers to arid-zone cities.

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

xiii

PREFACE

CONTRIBUTORS

xvii

CHAPTER 1 VALUES AND FUNCTIONS OF GROUNDWATER UNDER CITIES

(28)

Willem Jan Zaadnoordijk, Cors van den Brink, Cees van den Akker and Jenny Chambers

1.1 Introduction

(1)

1.2 Functions, Consequences and Demands

(6)

1.3 Groundwater Flow and Flow Systems

(11)

1.4 Management

(4)

1.5 Management in Practice: Acity, Anywhere

(5)

1.6 Summary

(1)

CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN GROUNDWATER

(24)

Mike H. Barrett

2.1 The Development of Cities

(14)

2.2 Urban Infrastructure

(2)

2.3 How Cities Change Recharge

(3)

2.4 Pollution Problems

(2)

2.5 Conclusions

(3)

CHAPTER 3 SOURCES, TYPES, CHARACTERISTICS AND INVESTIGATION OF URBAN GROUNDWATER POLLUTANTS

(56)

Sheng Zhang, Ken Howard, Claus Otto, Veronica Ritchie, Oliver T.N. Sililo and Steve Appleyard

3.1 Introduction

(1)

3.2 Sewage

(7)

3.3 Solid Waste

(10)

3.4 Industrial Liquid Wastes

(3)

3.5 Urban Stormwater

(3)

3.6 Hydrocarbons

(12)

3.7 Nutrients

(4)

3.8 Pesticides

(3)

3.9 Road de-Icing Salts

(3)

3.10 Investigation of Urban Groundwater Pollution

(4)

3.11 Investigation of NAPL Pollution

103

(4)

3.12 Conclusions

107

(2)

CHAPTER 4 MATURE INDUSTRIAL CITIES

109

(24)

Aidan A. Cronin and David N. Lerner

4.1 Introduction

109

(1)

4.2 Background to Groundwater and Mature Industrial Cities

110

(1)

4.3 Urban Recharge

111

(4)

4.4 Management Problems with Urban Groundwater Quality

115

(15)

4.5 Conclusions and Future Strategies

130

(3)

CHAPTER 5 RAPIDLY URBANISING ARID-ZONE CITIES

133

(22)

Ahmed Alderwish, Kamal Hefny and Steve Appleyard

5.1 Introduction

133

(1)

5.2 Hydrogeological Setting of Cairo, Egypt

133

(1)

5.3 Groundwater Management Issues for Cairo

134

(4)

5.4 Introduction to Sana'a, Yemen

138

(1)

5.5 Hydrometerological Environment of Sana'a

139

(1)

5.6 Groundwater Resources for Sana'a

140

(1)

5.7 Water Supply for Sana'a

141

(3)

5.8 Groundwater Quality in Sana'a

144

(6)

5.9 Summary of the Issues for Sana'a

150

(1)

5.10 Conclusions

151

(4)

CHAPTER 6 URBAN AREAS OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: WEATHERED CRYSTALLINE AQUIFER SYSTEMS

155

(26)

Richard G. Taylor, Mike H. Barrett and Callist Tindimugaya

6.1 Introduction

155

(1)

6.2 Urbanisation in Sub-Saharan Africa

156

(2)

6.3 Urban Groundwater Issues in Sub-Saharan Africa

158

(1)

6.4 Hydrogeological Regimes

159

(8)

6.5 Groundwater Quality

167

(10)

6.6 Conclusions and the Future

177

(2)

6.7 Acknowledgements

179

(2)

CHAPTER 7 CITIES OVERLYING KARST AND KARST LIKE AQUIFERS

181

(24)

Steve Appleyard

7.1 Formation of Karst Environments

181

(2)

7.2 Hydrogeological Behaviour of Karst Aquifers

183

(1)

7.3 Groundwater Contamination in Karst and Karst-Like Aquifers

184

(1)

7.4 Assessment of Contamination in Karst and Karst-Like Aquifers

185

(3)

7.5 Groundwater Quality Protection Policies in Karst Environments

188

(1)

7.6 City Case Studies

189

(14)

7.7 Final Comments

203

(2)

CHAPTER 8 GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT IN URBAN ALLUVIAL AQUIFER SYSTEMS: CASE STUDIES FROM THREE CONTINENTS: AGADIR, LIMA, AND LOS ANGELES

205

(20)

Gino Bianchi-Mosquera, Craig Stewart, Bob Kent and John M. Sharp Jr

8.1 Introduction

205

(1)

8.2 Overview of Study Areas

206

(3)

8.3 Historical Groundwater Issues

209

(3)

8.4 Legal, Political, and Environmental Factors

212

(4)

8.5 Conceptual Representation of the Aquifer Systems

216

(3)

8.6 Current Groundwater Management Issues

219

(2)

8.7 Approaches For an Integrated Groundwater Management Strategy

221

(2)

8.8 Conclusions

223

(2)

CHAPTER 9 SHALLOW POROUS AQUIFERS IN MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATES

225

(20)

Oliver T.N. Sililo and Steve Appleyard

9.1 Introduction

225

(5)

9.2 Beneficial Uses of Groundwater

230

(1)

9.3 Effect of Urban Development on Water Balance

231

(1)

9.4 Effect of Urban Development on Groundwater Quality

232

(2)

9.5 Management of Groundwater Resources

234

(1)

9.6 Groundwater as an Environmental Agent

235

(1)

9.7 Groundwater Protection

236

(1)

9.8 Groundwater Pollution Case Studies

236

(5)

9.9 The Way Forward

241

(4)

REFERENCES

245

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Urban Groundwater Pollution: IAH International Contributions to Hydrogeology 24

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Urban Groundwater Pollution: IAH International Contributions to Hydrogeology 24

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