Urban Hydrology, Hydraulics, and Stormwater

A practical introduction on today's challenge of controlling and managing the water resources used by and affected by cities and urbanized communities. The book offers an integrated engineering approach, covering the spectrum of urban watershed management, urban hydraulic systems, and overall stormwater management.Each chapter concludes with helpful problems.Solutions Manual available to qualified professors and instructors upon request.Introduces the reader to two popular, non-proprietary computer-modeling pro-grams: HEC-HMS (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) and SWMM (U.S EPA).

A. OSMAN AKAN, PhD, PE, is Professor and current Chair of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia. He has more than thirty years of teaching, research, and consulting experience in the general field of water resources engineering. His publication record includes Urban Stormwater Hydrology (Wiley), several chapters in design handbooks, and numerous articles in scholarly journals.<BR>

Preface

xiii

Acknowledgments

xv

1 Introduction

1

(4)

1.1 Urbanization and Stormwater Runoff

1

(1)

1.2 Urban Hydrology, Hydraulics, and Stormwater Quality

2

(1)

1.3 Organization of the Book

2

(2)

Problems

4

(1)

2 Rainfall for Designing Urban Drainage Systems

5

(29)

2.1 Hydrologic Description of Rainfall

5

(3)

2.2 Probabilistic Description of Rainfall

8

(7)

2.2.1 Return Period and Hydrologic Risk

8

(2)

2.2.2 Frequency Analysis

10

(3)

2.2.3 Intensity-Duration-Return Period Curves

13

(1)

2.2.4 Mathematical Intensity-Duration Relationships

14

(1)

2.3 Design Rainfall

15

(3)

2.3.1 Continuous Simulation and Single-Event Methods

16

(1)

2.3.2 Design Return Period

17

(1)

2.3.3 Design-Storm Duration and Depth

18

(1)

2.3.4 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Design Rainfall

18

(1)

2.4 Construction of Design-Storm Hyetographs

18

(11)

2.4.1 Soil Conservation Service Method

18

(2)

2.4.2 Yen and Chow Method

20

(1)

2.4.3 Huff Method

21

(4)

2.4.4 Synthetic Block Hyetograph Method

25

(2)

2.4.5 Chicago Method

27

(2)

Problems

29

(3)

References

32

(2)

3 Rainfall Excess Calculations

34

(31)

3.1 Calculation of Rainfall Abstractions

34

(19)

3.1.1 Interception Storage

35

(1)

3.1.2 Infiltration

36

(16)

3.1.3 Depression Storage

52

(1)

3.2 Combined Loss Models

53

(7)

3.2.1 Soil Conservation Service Method

53

(6)

3.2.2 Other Combined Loss Models

59

(1)

Problems

60

(3)

References

63

(2)

4 Rainfall Excess and Open-Channel Flow in Urban Watersheds

65

(29)

4.1 Open-Channel Hydraulics

65

(6)

4.1.1 Basic Definitions

65

(2)

4.1.2 States of Open-Channel Flow

67

(1)

4.1.3 Open-Channel Flow Equations

68

(1)

4.1.4 Steady Gradually Varied Flow

69

(1)

4.1.5 Normal Flow

70

(1)

4.1.6 Open-Channel Rating Curve

70

(1)

4.2 Overland Flow

71

(8)

4.2.1 Kinematic-Wave Model

72

(1)

4.2.2 Overland Flow on Impervious Surfaces

73

(4)

4.2.3 Overland Flow on Pervious Surfaces

77

(2)

4.3 Channel Flow

79

(11)

4.3.1 Muskingum Method

80

(3)

4.3.2 Muskingum-Cunge Method

83

(2)

4.3.3 Muskingum-Cunge Method for Routing with Lateral Inflow

85

(3)

4.3.4 Modified Att-Kin Method

88

(2)

Problems

90

(3)

References

93

(1)

5 Calculation of Runoff Rates From Urban Watersheds

94

(53)

5.1 Basic Concepts

95

(2)

5.1.1 Elements of Urban Runoff Hydrographs

95

(2)

5.1.2 Definition of Time of Concentration

97

(1)

5.2 Calculation of Time of Concentration

97

(7)

5.2.1 SCS Time-of-Concentration Method

98

(2)

5.2.2 Kinematic Time-of-Concentration Formulas

100

(3)

5.2.3 Kirpich Formula

103

(1)

5.3 Unit Hydrograph Method

104

(15)

5.3.1 Unit Hydrograph Development

104

(13)

5.3.2 Application of the Unit Hydrograph Method

117

(2)

5.4 Soil Conservation Service Methods for Runoff Rate Calculations

119

(6)

5.4.1 TR-55 Graphical Peak Discharge Method

119

(2)

5.4.2 TR-55 Tabular Hydrograph Method

121

(4)

5.5 The Santa Barbara Urban Hydrograph Method

125

(4)

5.6 USGS Regression Equations

129

(3)

5.7 The Rational Method

132

(4)

5.8 The Kinematic-Rational Methods

136

(5)

Problems

141

(4)

References

145

(2)

6 Stormwater Drainage Structures

147

(71)

6.1 Drainage of Street Pavements

147

(19)

6.1.1 General Design Considerations

147

(1)

6.1.2 Flow in Gutters

148

(7)

6.1.3 Pavement Drainage Inlets

155

(9)

6.1.4 Pavement Drainage Inlet Locations

164

(2)

6.2 Storm Sewer Systems

166

(18)

6.2.1 Storm Sewer Hydraulics

168

(6)

6.2.2 Design Discharge for Storm Sewers

174

(2)

6.2.3 Sizing Storm Sewers

176

(1)

6.2.4 Hydraulic Grade Line Considerations

176

(1)

6.2.5 Storm Sewer System Design Calculations

177

(7)

6.3 Culverts

184

(16)

6.3.1 Inlet Control Flow

185

(9)

6.3.2 Outlet Control Flow

194

(5)

6.3.3 Sizing of Culverts

199

(1)

6.4 Design of Surface Drainage Channels

200

(13)

6.4.1 Design of Unlined Channels

201

(7)

6.4.2 Design of Grass-Lined Channels

208

(5)

Problems

213

(4)

References

217

(1)

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Urban Hydrology, Hydraulics, and Stormwater Quality Engineering Applications and Computer Modeling

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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