Urban Planning in a Changing World: The

Written by leading experts and commentatators from around the world, this collection of original essays will form an unprecedented critical survey of the state of urban planning at the end of the millenium.

Contributors

ix

Learning From Planning's Histories

1

(19)

Robert Freestone

Planning and History

1

(6)

The History of Planning

7

(4)

Purpose and Structure of this Book

11

(4)

Conclusion

15

(5)

The Centenary of Modern Planning

20

(20)

Peter Hall

1898: The Rejection of the Paleotechnic City

21

(2)

1923: The Triumph of Vision and the Failure of Practice

23

(3)

1948: The Great Postwar Rebuild

26

(3)

1973: The Great Shift in Zeitgeist

29

(3)

1998: The Search for Sustainable Urban Development

32

(4)

Conclusion

36

(4)

Re-Examining the International Diffusion of Planning

40

(21)

Stephen V. Ward

International Diffusion as a Historical Theme

41

(2)

A Typology of Diffusion

43

(2)

Diffusion by Borrowing

45

(6)

Diffusion by Imposition

51

(4)

Conclusions and Speculations

55

(6)

Quasi Utopias: Perfect Cities in an Imperfect World

61

(17)

Dennis Hardy

Imperfect Cities in an Imperfect World

61

(3)

Perfect Cities in a Perfect World

64

(4)

Perfect Cities in an Imperfect World

68

(4)

Utopianism and Town Planning

72

(4)

Conclusion

76

(2)

Learning From Twentieth Century Urban Design Paradigms: Lessons for the Early Twenty-First Century

78

(20)

Jon Lang

Twentieth Century Paradigms: Empiricism and Rationalism

79

(1)

The Empiricist Paradigms

80

(4)

The Rationalist Paradigms

84

(3)

Paradigms for Cities and their Precincts

87

(3)

The Utility and Limitations of Paradigms

90

(3)

Looking Ahead: Paradigms for the Early Twenty-First Century

93

(2)

Conclusion

95

(3)

Rethinking the Significance of the City Beautiful Idea

98

(20)

Gilbert A. Stelter

The City as a Work of Art

99

(8)

Broadening the Decision-Making Powers of the Public

107

(3)

A Theory of the City as an Organism

110

(3)

Success and Relevance

113

(5)

The Neighbourhood Paradigm: From Garden Cities to Gated Communities

118

(21)

Dirk Schubert

Decentralization, Urban Reform, and Planned Communities

118

(3)

American Experiments in the 1920s and 1930s

121

(4)

Neighbourhoods in England

125

(2)

The `Local Group as a Settlement Cell' in Germany

127

(2)

Neighbourhoods in Postwar Reconstruction

129

(3)

Epilogue and Conclusions

132

(7)

Planning for Social Betterment: From Standard of Living to Quality of Life

139

(19)

Raphael Fischler

The Standardization of Need

141

(2)

The Paradox of the Standard of Living

143

(2)

The Quality-of-Life Movement

145

(3)

Quality of Life in Post-Industrial Society

148

(4)

Conclusion

152

(6)

The Paradoxes of Anti-Sprawl Reform

158

(17)

Robert Bruegmann

From `Blight' to `Sprawl'

158

(2)

Aesthetic Objections

160

(3)

Efficiency Arguments

163

(2)

Equity Arguments

165

(2)

Environmental Arguments

167

(1)

The Debate becomes International

168

(1)

The Anti-Sprawl Coalition

169

(1)

Conclusion

170

(5)

Motor Vehicles and the Inner City

175

(19)

Jeffry M. Diefendorf

Cologne: The Persistence of Arterial Planning

178

(4)

Basel: The Rewards of Frustrated Traffic Planning

182

(5)

Boston: Constructing and Destructing a Central Artery

187

(3)

Conclusion

190

(4)

Planning and Heritage: Towards Integration

194

(18)

David Hamer

The Haussmannite Tradition

194

(2)

Rejection of the Victorian City

196

(1)

Planners and the Past: Models of Evolution and Change

197

(2)

The Reconstruction of Historic City Centres by Dictators

199

(1)

The Impacts of the Second World War and the Triumph of Modernism

199

(2)

The Reaction against Modernism

201

(4)

The Historic District as the Focus for the Convergence of Interests

205

(2)

Third World and Post-Colonial Issues

207

(1)

Conclusion

208

(4)

Open Space, Urban Planning and the Evolution of the Green City

212

(18)

Maurits Van Rooijen

Categorizing Urban Open Spaces Historically

213

(1)

Common Open Space

214

(1)

The Royal Public Garden

214

(2)

The Bourgeois Park

216

(3)

People's Parks

219

(3)

Garden City/New Town

222

(2)

Green Town Planning of Tomorrow

224

(2)

Conclusion

226

(4)

Diversity, Difference and the Multi-Layered City

230

(19)

Susan Thompson

Global Migration and the Emergence of the Multi-Layered City

231

(2)

The Multi-Layered City

233

(5)

Planning and the Multi-Layered City

238

(3)

Responding to the Multi-Layered-City: Governance in Australia

241

(2)

A Way Forward

243

(2)

Conclusion

245

(4)

Global City Regions: Planning and Policy Dilemmas in a Neo-Liberal World

249

(20)

Allen J. Scott

Setting the Scene: City and Region in the Postwar Era

250

(4)

Global City Regions: Form and Function

254

(4)

Prospective Planning and Political Agendas for Global City Regions

258

(7)

Conclusion

265

(4)

Is Planning History?

269

(16)

Brendan Gleeson

Nicholas Low

The Decay of Planning Values

270

(2)

Neo-Liberalism, Globalization and Planning

272

(4)

Contemporary Neo-Liberal Planning Reform in Australia

276

(5)

Is Planning History?

281

(1)

Conclusion

282

(3)

Index

285

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Urban Planning in a Changing World: The Twentieth Century Experience

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials