Urban Stormwater Management Planning With Analytical Probabilistic Models

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ISBN: 9780471332176 | 0471332178
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 3/27/2000

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Understanding how to properly manage urban stormwater is a critical concern to civil and environmental engineers the world over. Mismanagement of stormwater and urban runoff results in flooding, erosion, and water quality problems. In an effort to develop better management techniques, engineers have come to rely on computer simulation and advanced mathematical modeling techniques to help plan and predict water system performance. This important book outlines a new method that uses probability tools to model how stormwater behaves and interacts in a combined- or single-system municipal water system. Complete with sample problems and case studies illustrating how concepts really work, the book presents a cost-effective, easy-to-master approach to analytical modeling of stormwater management systems.

Preface

I URBAN STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

Urban Drainage Systems: Evolution of Problems

(18)

Introduction

(1)

Brief History of Urban Drainage System Problems

(4)

Current Drainage System Problems

(6)

Combined Sewer System Problems

(1)

Sanitary Sewer System Problems

(2)

Storm Sewer System Problems

(3)

Characterization of Urban Stormwater Runoff Quality

(1)

Suspended Solids

(1)

Oxygen-Demanding Matter and Bacteria

(1)

Nutrients

(1)

Heavy Metals and Other Toxic Considerations

(1)

Case Study: Scarborough Golf and Country Club

(3)

Conclusions

(3)

Problems

(1)

References

(1)

Bibliography

(1)

Urban Runoff Quantity and Quality Control Strategies

(12)

Introduction

(1)

Source Controls

(1)

Collection System Controls

(1)

Sewer Separation

(1)

Sewer Flushing

(1)

In-System Storage and Real-Time Control

(1)

Storage and Treatment Controls

(4)

Combined Sewer Outfall Treatment

(1)

Storm Sewer Outfall Treatment

(2)

Increased Interceptor Capacity

(1)

Off-Line Storage

(1)

Flow-Balancing System

(1)

Case Study: Toronto Lakefront Detention Tank

(1)

Conclusion

(4)

Problems

(1)

References

(3)

Urban Stormwater Management Modeling

(22)

Introduction

(2)

Brief History of Urban Drainage System Design Methods

(2)

Design Storm Pathology

(6)

Frequency of Hydrologic Events

(3)

Drainage System Design Elements

(2)

Other Considerations

(1)

Shift to Continuous Analysis Technology

(1)

Continuous Simulation Modeling

(1)

Analytical Probabilistic Modeling

(1)

Stochastic Modeling Techniques

(1)

Role of Modeling in Planning, Design, Operation, and Rehabilitation of Urban Drainage Systems

(1)

Case Study: Frequency of Rainfall Characteristics

(2)

Case Study: Event Versus Continuous Simulation for Volume Design

(1)

Conclusions

(5)

Problem

(1)

References

(4)

II DATA ANALYSIS

Meteorological Data Analysis

(28)

Introduction

(1)

Meteorological Events Versus Statistical Events

(1)

Interevent Time: Defining Individual Meteorological Events

(4)

Statistics of Storm Event Characteristics

(4)

Sample Mean

(1)

Standard Deviation

(1)

Coefficient of Variation

(1)

Skewness

(1)

Coefficient of Skewness

(1)

Effect of IETD on Storm Event Characteristics

(1)

Correlation Between Storm Event Characteristics

(5)

Probability Density Functions

(6)

The Exponential Distribution

(1)

The Gamma Distribution

(1)

Selecting a Distribution for Modeling Studies

(1)

Exponential PDFs of Rainfall Characteristics

(1)

Bias in Rainfall Data Archival

(1)

Conclusions

(5)

Problems

(1)

References

(1)

Bibliography

(3)

Runoff Quality Data Analysis

(32)

Introduction

(1)

Sources of Pollutants

(3)

Pollution Buildup and Wash-off Processes

(1)

Runoff Quality Parameters

(4)

Solids

(1)

Nutrients

(1)

Oxygen-Demanding Matter

(1)

Microbiological Pollutants

(1)

Toxic Constituents and Priority Pollutants

(1)

Other Paramenters

(1)

Runoff Quality Data Analysis

(12)

Representation of Runoff Quality

(1)

Event Mean Concentration

(1)

Data Sources

(1)

Data Analysis

(1)

General Statistics

(1)

Correlation Analysis

(1)

Frequency Analysis

(2)

Methodology for EMC Frequency Analysis

(5)

Regional EMC Data Analyses

101

(1)

Runoff Quality Constituent Masses

102

(4)

Use of Regression Analysis for Load Estimation

105

(1)

The First Flush: Myth or Reality?

106

(1)

Conclusions

107

(6)

References

108

(5)

III DRAINAGE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Elements of Derived Probability Distribution Theory

113

(28)

Introduction

113

(1)

Random Variables

113

(1)

Continuous Probability Distributions

114

(4)

Probability Density Functions

114

(1)

Cumulative Distribution Functions

115

(2)

Complementary Cumulative Distribution Functions

117

(1)

Expected Value of a Random Variable

118

(1)

Joint Probability Density Functions

118

(3)

Joint Distributions of Independent Random Variables

119

(1)

Joint Distributions of Dependent Random Variables

120

(1)

Joint Distributions for Modeling Urban Drainage Systems

120

(1)

Derived Probability Distributions

121

(4)

Functions of One Random Variable

122

(2)

Functions of Two or More Random Variables

124

(1)

Applications

125

(1)

Impulse Probabilities

125

(3)

Evolution of Derived Probability Distribution Models

128

(4)

Conclusions

132

(9)

Problems

133

(1)

References

133

(8)

Model of Urban Drainage System

141

(20)

Introduction

141

(1)

Meteorological Input

142

(1)

Model Assumptions

143

(3)

Runoff

146

(5)

Runoff Volume

146

(2)

Number of Runoff Events

148

(1)

Loss Volume

148

(1)

Depression Storage

148

(2)

Runoff Intensity

150

(1)

Examples

151

(8)

Conclusions

159

(2)

Problems

159

(1)

References

159

(2)

Quantity Control Analysis of Urban Drainage Systems

161

(38)

Introduction

161

(1)

Reservoir Spill Volume

162

(12)

Reservoir Full at the End of the Last Event

164

(5)

Reservoir Empty at the End of the Last Event

169

(2)

Performance Measures

171

(3)

Runoff Control

174

(2)

Runoff Processed Without Storage

176

(3)

Examples

179

(14)

Conclusions

193

(6)

Problems

193

(4)

References

197

(2)

Advanced Quantity Control Analysis

199

(20)

Introduction

199

(1)

Reservoir Contents

199

(12)

Reservoir Contents at the Beginning of the Next Event

200

(2)

Reservoir Contents at the End of the Next Event

202

(9)

Reservoir Spill Intensity

211

(5)

Reservoir Full at the End of the Last Event

211

(4)

Reservoir Empty at the End of the Last Event

215

(1)

Conclusions

216

(3)

References

216

(3)

Multiple Reservoir Systems

219

(22)

Introduction

219

(2)

Model Framework

221

(1)

Spills Lost Analysis

222

(9)

Downstream Reservoir Empties Before Upstream Reservoir (td2 ≤ td1)

224

(2)

Downstream Reservoir Empties After Upstream Reservoir (td2 > td1)

226

(4)

Performance Measures

230

(1)

Spills Routed Analysis

231

(8)

Downstream Reservoir Empties Before Upstream Reservoir (td2 ≤ td1)

233

(2)

Downstream Reservoir Empties After Upstream Reservoir (td2 > td1)

235

(2)

Performance Measures

237

(2)

Conclusions

239

(2)

References

239

(2)

Quality Control Analysis of Urban Drainage Systems

241

(42)

Introduction

241

(1)

Pollution Control

242

(2)

Combined Sewer Systems

244

(1)

Pollutant Removal Mechanisms in Storage Facilities

244

(6)

Quiescent Settling

245

(2)

Dynamic Settling

247

(1)

Decay and Biological Uptake

248

(1)

Conclusions

249

(1)

Extended Detention Dry Pond Performance

250

(3)

Performance of Wet Ponds without Outlet Control

253

(4)

Performance of Wet Ponds with Outlet Control

257

(2)

Case Study: Comparing Results from Analytical Probabilistic Models and Continuous Simulation Models

259

(11)

Continuous Simulation Model

259

(1)

Analytical Probabilistic Models

260

(1)

Extended Detention Dry Pond Results

261

(5)

Extended Detention Wet Pond Results

266

(1)

Investigation of Active Storage Volume/Permanent Pool Volume Ratio

267

(3)

Examples

270

(8)

Conclusions

278

(5)

Problems

278

(3)

References

281

(2)

Urban Drainage Systems Analysis: Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis

283

(42)

Introduction

283

(1)

Single-Parameter Optimization: Optimization of Detention Times for Stormwater Management Ponds

284

(6)

Design Storm Approach to Selecting Detention Times

286

(2)

General Approach to Selecting Detention Times

288

(2)

Multiple-Parameter Optimization: Optimization of Runoff Control Alternative Combinations

290

(12)

Example: Optimal Sizing of Downstream Storage and Interceptor Capacity

296

(5)

Optimal Allocation of Multiple Resources

301

(1)

Multiple-Catchment Optimization

302

(10)

Regional Stormwater Quality Control Planning: Parallel Catchments

302

(10)

Sensitivity Analysis

312

(6)

Conclusions

318

(7)

Problems

319

(2)

References

321

(4)

Appendix A: Summary of Analytical Probabilistic Model Expressions

325

(6)

Appendix B: Statistics of Meteorological Characteristics

331

(8)

Glossary

339

(6)

Notation

345

(4)

Index

349

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Urban Stormwater Management Planning With Analytical Probabilistic Models

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Urban Stormwater Management Planning With Analytical Probabilistic Models

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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