The Urinary Sediment An Integrated View

This is the second edition of a full colour reference atlas published first to excellent reviews in 1994. Every renal unit needs to have a reference text of this kind and urine microscopy is an important diagnostic aid innephrology. The primary audience is practicing nephrologists in training, and also those in internal medicine rotating through the renal unit. Clinical pathologists would also find this an attractive and useful book. The illustrations are outstanding and additional clinical information has been added in this new edition.

Historical introduction

1

(13)

J. S. Cameron

Preparation and analysis of the urinary sediment

13

(16)

Urine collection

13

(1)

Handling of urine

14

(4)

Inspection

15

(1)

Preservation of samples

16

(1)

Centrifugation

16

(1)

Resuspension

16

(1)

Preparation of slides

17

(1)

Microscopic examination

17

(1)

Report of findings

18

(4)

The microscope for the analysis of urinary sediments

22

(4)

The phase contrast microscope

22

(2)

Polarized light

24

(1)

The bright field microscope

25

(1)

Other microscopic techniques

25

(1)

The stains for urinary sediments

26

(3)

References

27

(2)

The formed elements of the urinary sediment

29

(106)

Cells

29

(30)

Erythrocytes

30

(8)

Leukocytes

38

(4)

Histicytes

42

(1)

Renal tubular cells

43

(7)

Trainstional cells (from the uroepithelium)

50

(6)

Squamous cells

56

(3)

Lipids

59

(5)

Casts

64

(22)

Hyaline casts

66

(3)

Granular casts

69

(1)

Waxy casts

69

(5)

Cellular casts

74

(6)

Fatty casts

80

(1)

Casts containing crystals and amorphous salts

80

(1)

Casts containing microorganisms

80

(3)

Pigmented casts

83

(1)

Mixed casts

84

(2)

Cylindroids

86

(2)

Pseudocasts

88

(1)

Mucus

89

(2)

Crystals

91

(24)

How to identify the urinary crystals

91

(1)

The main types of urinary crystals

92

(1)

Uric acid crystals

92

(5)

Amorphous urates

97

(1)

Calcium oxalate crystals

97

(5)

Calcium phosphate crystals

102

(3)

Amorphous phosphates

105

(1)

Triple phosphate crystals

106

(3)

Cholesterol crystals

109

(2)

Other less common crystals

111

(1)

Crystals due to drugs

111

(1)

Crystaluria in stone formers

111

(4)

Organisms

115

(7)

Bacteria

115

(1)

Yeasts

115

(1)

Trichomonas vaginalis

116

(1)

Schistosoma haematobium (urogenital bilharziosis)

116

(1)

Enterobius vermicularis

117

(5)

Contaminants

122

(8)

Contaminants originating from the patient

122

(1)

Contaminants originating in the laboratory

123

(1)

Contaminants originating in the environment

123

(7)

Differential diagnoses

130

(5)

References

131

(4)

The urinary sediment of the normal subject

135

(4)

References

137

(2)

The urinary sediment in the main diseases of the urinary tract

139

(22)

Minimal change disease-focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

139

(1)

Membransous nephropathy

140

(2)

IgA nephropathy

142

(1)

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

143

(1)

Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis

144

(1)

Extracapillary glomerulonephritis

144

(1)

Lupus nephritis

145

(2)

Schonlein-Henoch purpura nephritis

147

(1)

Diabetic nephropathy

148

(1)

Monocolonal gammopthies

149

(1)

Acute interstitial nephritis

149

(3)

Chronic interstitial nephritis

152

(1)

Acute tubular necrosis

152

(2)

Renal transplantation

154

(2)

Urinary tract infection

156

(1)

Urological disorders

156

(5)

References

158

(3)

Changes of urinary sediment caused by drugs

161

(6)

Drug-related crystalluria

161

(3)

Other changes induced by drugs

164

(3)

Diuretics

164

(1)

Drugs influencing urinary pH

164

(1)

References

164

(3)

Interpreation of the urinary sediment findings

167

(8)

The nephrotic sediment

167

(2)

The nephritic sediment

169

(2)

The nephrotic and nephritic sediment

171

(1)

The urinary sediment containing many tubular epithelial cells

171

(1)

The urinary sediment containing bacteria and leukocytes

171

(1)

Minor urinary abnormalities

172

(3)

References

173

(2)

Automated systems for urinary sediment analysis

175

(8)

D. Fenili

Automated intelligent microscopy

175

(1)

Flow cytometry

176

(4)

Analysis of the performances of automated analysers

180

(3)

Carryover

180

(1)

Precision

180

(1)

Accuracy

180

(1)

References

181

(2)

Appendix

183

(2)

Index

185

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The Urinary Sediment An Integrated View

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials