The USA Patriot Act of 2001

The USA Patriot Act: A Reference Handbook is an in-depth examination of the difficult wartime task of balancing civil liberties against national security.

Introduction,

xiii

Abbreviations,

xvii

1 Terrorist Actions against Americans and Governmental Efforts to Protect National Security Before September 11, 2001,

1

(32)

National Security Measures versus Individual Liberties: Some Major Incidents in American History,

7

(2)

The New Reality: The Declaration of a "Holy War" against the "Great Satan" by Al Qaeda, 1980's-present,

9

(4)

U.S. Governmental Efforts to Protect National Security Prior to September 11, 2001,

13

(20)

Congressional Hearings and Legislation up to 9/11,

14

(4)

Executive Orders and Presidential Decision Directives,

18

(3)

Documents/Reports,

21

(7)

Department/Agency Actions,

28

(5)

2 September 11, 2001, and the Passage of the USA Patriot Act of 2001,

33

(32)

September 11, 2001: A Second "Day of Infamy" for America,

35

(5)

The Six-Week Battle Royal over the DOJ Draft of "An Act to Deter and Punish Terrorist Acts in the United States and Around the World," September 12, 2001-October 26, 2001,

40

(9)

The USA Patriot Act of 2001, October 26, 2001,

49

(4)

A Legal Analysis of the USA Patriot Act of 2001 by the Congressional Research Service (CRS),

53

(12)

3 The Critics of the 2001 Patriot Act: Civil Liberties Endangered by the Imperatives of National Security,

65

(36)

The Critics of the Patriot Act,

70

(20)

Interest Groups and Organizations,

70

(10)

Legislators,

80

(3)

The U.S. General Accounting Office,

83

(1)

Office of Inspector General, DOJ,

84

(2)

States, Cities, and Towns,

86

(1)

Individuals,

86

(2)

The Media,

88

(2)

The Federal Courts Enter the Fray,

90

(11)

4 The Bush Administration's Aggressive Defense of the 2001 USA Patriot Act and Its "Floating" of Patriot Act II,

101

(32)

The Response of the Bush Administration to Criticism of the 2001 Patriot Act, 2001-2004,

104

(14)

Other Antiterrorist Executive Orders of the Bush Administration and Congressional Actions, 2001-2003,

106

(2)

Creation of the Terrorist Threat Integration Center, 2003,

108

(2)

The Administration's Initial Defense of the USA Patriot Act, 2001-2002,

110

(3)

Media Defenders of the Bush Administration's Antiterrorism Actions,

113

(1)

Summer 2003: Ashcroft's "On the Road" Campaign in Defense of the 2001 USA Patriot Act,

114

(4)

Floating the "Domestic Security Enhancement Act" of 2003: A Patriot Act II?,

118

(1)

The Bush Administration's Proposal to Strengthen the 2001 Patriot Act,

119

(4)

The Critics Condemn the 2003 Enhancement Proposal,

123

(2)

The Future of the 2001 USA Patriot Act,

125

(8)

5 Key Players, Organizations, and Governmental Responses: U.S. National Security and the 2001 Patriot Act,

133

(18)

The Major Players,

133

(8)

Umar Abd al-Rahman,

133

(1)

Dick Armey,

133

(1)

John Ashcroft,

134

(1)

Osama bin Laden,

134

(1)

L. Paul Bremer,

135

(1)

George H.W. Bush,

136

(1)

George W. Bush,

136

(1)

Dick Cheney,

137

(1)

John Conyers,

137

(1)

Viet Dinh,

138

(1)

Yassar Esam Hamdi,

138

(1)

Orrin Hatch,

138

(1)

Patrick Leahy,

139

(1)

Jose Padilla,

139

(1)

Colin L. Powell,

139

(1)

Tom Ridge,

140

(1)

Donald Rumsfeld,

140

(1)

James Sensenbrenner,

140

(1)

Ramzi Yousef,

141

(1)

Foreign Terrorist Organizations/Governments,

141

(2)

Al Qaeda,

141

(1)

Islamic jihad,

142

(1)

Taliban,

142

(1)

Governmental Actions in Response to Threats, War, and Terrorism,

143

(8)

Alien and Sedition Act, 1798,

143

(1)

Alien Registration Act, 1940 (Smith Act),

144

(1)

Antiterrorism and Effective Death Act, 1996,

145

(1)

Camp X-Ray, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba,

146

(1)

Espionage Act, 1917,

146

(1)

Japanese-American Internment, 1942-1946,

147

(1)

Sedition Act, 1918,

148

(3)

6 Documents,

151

(48)

USA Patriot Act of 2001 (Excerpts),

151

(16)

2001 Report on Foreign Terrorist Organizations Released by the Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, U.S. Department of State, October 5, 2001,

167

(6)

Domestic Security Enhancement Act of 2003-DOJ Section-by-Section Analysis (Excerpts),

173

(24)

U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld's War-on-Terror Memo, October 16, 2003,

197

(2)

7 Directory of Major Organizations Involved with the USA Patriot Act of 2001,

199

(16)

NonGovernmental Web-sites,

199

(12)

American Civil Liberties Union,

199

(1)

American Conservative Union,

200

(1)

Cato Institute,

201

(1)

Center for Constitutional Rights,

202

(1)

Center for Democracy and Technology,

203

(2)

Center for National Security Studies,

205

(1)

Center for Public Integrity,

206

(1)

Center for Strategic and International Studies,

207

(1)

Federalist Society,

208

(1)

Friends Committee on National Legislation,

208

(1)

The Heritage Foundation,

209

(1)

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People,

210

(1)

Governmental Websites,

211

(4)

U.S. Department of Defense,

211

(1)

U.S. Department of Homeland Security,

211

(1)

U.S. Department of Justice,

212

(1)

U.S. Department of State,

212

(1)

U.S. General Accounting Office,

213

(1)

The White House,

214

(1)

8 Bibliography,

215

(6)

Books, Journal Articles, Reports,

215

(3)

Internet Resources,

218

(3)

Chronology,

221

(4)

Glossary,

225

(18)

Index,

243

(22)

About the Author,

265

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