The Use of Force in Humanitarian

Janzekovic uncovers the many layers that make up the complex concept of humanitarian intervention. Moral society has an obligation to stop deliberate and persistent serious human rights abuse and the direct use of force must be seriously considered along with other strategies by the international community. This study analyses the various ethical positions, particularly consequentialism, welfare-utilitarianism and just-war theory but this is not just a book on philosophy or ethics. With the world seeing a revival of humanitarian intervention as a tool of conflict resolution. It is now time to reflect on the lessons learnt.

List of Maps and Figure

vii

List of Abbreviations

ix

Preface

xi

Acknowledgements

xv

Introduction

1

(10)

1. Ethical Reasoning and Moral Principles

11

(60)

Introduction

11

(18)

The Utility of Consequentialism

29

(5)

Utilitarianism and Humanitarian Intervention

34

(9)

Realists, Pacifists and Others In-between

43

(9)

Proportionality and Reasonable Likelihood of Success

52

(14)

The Vexing Problem of Ends and Means

66

(3)

Valuing Patterns of Behaviour: When Should We Intervene?

69

(2)

2. Plausable Interventionist Strategies

71

(28)

The First Step: Determining Responsibility

71

(4)

Military Intervention in Support of Humanitarian Objectives

75

(6)

Expanded Peacekeeping, Peace-Enforcement, and Peacemaking

81

(8)

Making Peace and the UN

89

(8)

Conclusion

97

(2)

3 Humanitarian Law and Military Intervention

99

(28)

Introduction

99

(1)

Working Definitions of International Laws and Conventions

100

(2)

The Problem with International Law and Terrorism

102

(6)

International Laws Governing Conflict and Intervention

108

(6)

The Experience of Humanitarian Law Post 1945

114

(5)

Human Rights and the Law

119

(6)

Conclusion

125

(2)

4 Objections to the Ethical Principles and Applications

127

(32)

Introduction

127

(2)

Using Force Does Not Improve Humanitarian Outcomes

129

(2)

There is no Guarantee of Military Success

131

(7)

Interventionists are Likely to Suffer Casualties

138

(1)

Intervention is 'Illegal'

139

(5)

Non-Violent Intervention 'Works Better'

144

(4)

Who's Going to Pay For It?

148

(1)

Force Should Only be Used in the National Interest

149

(4)

Using Force is Morally Wrong

153

(6)

5. Ethnic Conflict in the Balkans 1992-1999 —A Case Study

159

(30)

Introduction

159

(1)

The 1992 - 1996 Balkans War

159

(9)

The Vance-Owen Plan

168

(2)

The Situation in Bosnia Herzegovina Deteriorates Further

170

(6)

Events Leading Up to the 1997 — 1999 Civil War in Kosovo

176

(9)

What Type of Wars Were the Balkan's Conflicts?

185

(4)

6. Conclusion

189

(2)

Bibliography

191

(12)

Index

203

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The Use of Force in Humanitarian Intervention: Morality And Practicalities

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Table of Contents

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