Vascular Imaging of the Central Nervous System Physical Principles, Clinical Applications, and Emerging Techniques

The first book-length reference to thoroughly describe diagnostic and therapeutic advances in the development of vascular radiology over the last decade

The last ten years has seen vascular imaging of the central nervous system (CNS) evolve from fairly crude, invasive procedures to more advanced imaging methods that are safer, faster, and more precise—with computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging methods playing a special role in these advances.

Vascular Imaging of the Central Nervous System is the first full-length reference text that shows radiologists—especially neuroradiologists—how to optimize the use of the many techniques available in order to increase the sensitivity and specificity of vascular imaging, thereby improving the diagnosis and treatment of individual patients. Each chapter is formatted carefully and divided into two essential parts: The first part describes the physical principles underlying each imaging technique, along potential associated artifacts and pitfalls; the second part addresses clinical applications and novel applications of each method.

With a strong focus on the clinical application of each modality or technique in CNS radiology, this book provides in-depth chapter coverage of:

• Ultrasound Vascular Imaging (UVI)
• Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)
• Magnetic Resonance Vascular imaging (MRV)
• Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
• Brain perfusion techniques: CT and MRI
• Plaque imaging
• Intravascular imaging
• Pediatric vascular imaging

Along with numerous illustrations and case studies, Vascular Imaging of the Central Nervous System: Physical Principles, Clinical Applications, and Emerging Techniques is an important book for those faced with choosing from the wide range of choices available for clinical practice.

Joana Ramalho MD
Department of Neuroradiology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central Portugal

Mauricio Castillo MD, FACR
Department of Neuroradiology. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill USA

List of Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

Part I - Ultrasound Vascular Imaging (UVI)

1 Basic Principles of UVI
Ana Maria Braz and Jaime Leal Pamplona

2 Clinical applications of UVI
Ana Maria Braz, Maria Madalena Patricio and Joana Ramalho
Clinical Vignette
 
3 Novel Applications of UVI
Elsa Azevedo and Pedro Castro
Clinical Vignettes
 
Part 2 - Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)
 
4 Basic Principles of CTA
Margareth Kimura and Mauricio Castillo

5 Intracranial CTA
Isabel R. Fragata and Joana Ramalho
Clinical Vignettes

6 Extra-cranial CTA
Tiago Baptista and João Lopes Reis
Clinical Vignettes

Part 3 - Magnetic Resonance Vascular imaging (MRV)
 
7 Basic principles of Time-of- Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography (TOF MRA) and MRV (2D and 3D)
Hugo A. Ferreira and Joana Ramalho

8 Basic principles of Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Angiography (PC MRA) and MRV
Hugo A. Ferreira and Joana Ramalho

9 Time-of- Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography (TOF MRA) and MRV: Clinical Applications
Mauricio Castillo, Juan Camilo Márquez and Francisco José Medina

10 Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Angiography (PC MRA) and flow analysis: Clinical Applications
Pedro Vilela

11 Contrast-enhanced MRA fundamentals and clinical applications
Khurram Javed and Mauricio Castillo
Clinical Vignette

12 Intracranial Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA), 1.5T versus 3T: advantages and disadvantages
Sara Safder, Benjamin Huang and Mauricio Castillo

13 Time-resolved techniques
Nuno Almeida, David Monteiro and Daniela Seixas
Clinical Vignette
 
Part 4 - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
 
14 DSA: Basic Principles
Mauricio Castillo

15 DSA in clinical practice
Yueh Z. Lee and Mauricio Castillo

16 Advanced and future DSA applications
Pedro Vilela
Clinical Vignette

Part 5 - Brain perfusion techniques: CT and MRI
 
17 CT perfusion, basic concepts and clinical applications
Joana Ramalho and Isabel R. Fragata
Clinical Vignette

18 Dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MRI perfusion: basic principles and clinical applications
Francisco Medina Valencia, Mauricio Castillo and Juan Marquez

19 Arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion basic concepts, artifacts, and clinical applications
Debora Bertholdo and Mauricio Castillo

Part 6 – Plaque imaging
 
20 Imaging of Carotid Plaque
Sangam Kanekar
Clinical Vignette

Part 7 – Intravascular imaging
 
21 Basic concepts and clinical applications of Intravascular imaging
Hideki Kitahara, Peter J. Fitzgerald, Paul G. Yock, and Yasuhiro Honda

Part 8 – Pediatric vascular imaging
 
22 Pediatric vascular imaging techniques and clinical applications
Carla R. Conceição, Rita Lopes da Silva and Joana Ramalho
Clinical Vignette

Index

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