Vehicle Powertrain Systems

Vehicle Powertrain Systems provides a holistic, systems approach to vehicle powertrain systems design. It provides students with the basic knowledge and understanding required to undertake an optimal design process, whilst at the same time identifying the realworld constraints involved in this process such as emissions, noise and fuel economy. It includes chapters on vehicle powertrain concepts, IC engine characteristics, longitudinal vehicle dynamics, transmissions, fuel economy, driveline dynamics, traction control systems, hybrid systems and design constraints. Its student appeal is enhanced by sample problems and solutions as well as questions at the end of each chapter, and MATLAB/ SIMULINK problems.

Behrooz Mashadi, Iran University of Science and Technology
Dr Behrooz Mashhadi is an assistant professor in the Department of Automotive Engineering at Iran University of Science and Technology. His areas of expertise are vehicle powertrain systems and vehicle dynamics and control, and he has published widely in these fields in international research journals and conference publications.

David A Crolla, University of Sunderland
David Crolla's activities are concentrated on engineering consultancy work, in particular specialised short courses and expert witness cases in automotive engineering. He also retains strong academic links with the Universities of Leeds, Cranfield and Sunderland. His specialism is in vehicle dynamics and control, and he has authored over 200 journal and conference papers in this subject area with particular topics of interest covering the ride, handling, safety, stability and braking of vehicles. He has worked extensively with industrial partners and applications have included passenger cars, land speed record vehicles, racing cars, SUVs, off-road vehicles and commercial vehicles.
He is an Emeritus Professor of Automotive Engineering at the University of Leeds, and visiting Professor at the University of Sunderland. He is series editor for a textbook series on Automotive Engineering for Elsevier.

Vehicle powertrain concepts
Powertrain systems	p. 3
Powertrain components	p. 11
Vehicle performance	p. 13
Driver behaviour	p. 18
Role of modelling	p. 20
Aim of book	p. 23
Further reading	p. 24
References	p. 24
Power generation characteristics of Internal Combustion Engines
Introduction	p. 4
Engine power generation principles	p. 5
Engine modelling	p. 46
Multi cylinder engines	p. 91
Engine torque maps	p. 107
Magic Torque (MT) formula for engine torque	p. 117
Engine Management System	p. 117
Net output power	p. 117
Concluding remarks	p. 117
Further reading	p. 117
References	p. 117
Review questions	p. 117
Problems	p. 117
Vehicle Longitudinal Dynamics
Introduction	p. 4
Torque generators	p. 5
Tractive force	p. 9
Resistive forces	p. 26
Vehicle Constant Power Performance (CPP)	p. 43
Constant Torque performance (CTP)	p. 71
Fixed Throttle Performance (FTP)	p. 82
Throttle Pedal Cycle performance (PCP)	p. 103
Effect of rotating masses	p. 108
Tyre slip	p. 118
Vehicle coast down	p. 129
Driveline losses	p. 140
Concluding remarks	p. 149
Further reading	p. 149
References	p. 150
Review questions	p. 151
Problems	p. 152
Transmissions
Introduction	p. 4
Need for gearbox	p. 4
Design of gearbox ratios	p. 7
Gearbox kinematics and tooth numbers	p. 41
Manual transmissions	p. 54
Automatic transmissions	p. 127
CVTs	p. 140
Concluding remarks	p. 151
Further reading	p. 152
References	p. 153
Review questions	p. 154
Problems	p. 156
Fuel Consumption
Introduction	p. 4
Engine energy consumption	p. 5
Driving cycles	p. 11
Vehicle fuel consumption	p. 19
Shifting effects	p. 33
Software	p. 46
Automated gearshifts	p. 51
Other solutions for fuel efficiency	p. 57
Concluding remarks	p. 65
Further reading	p. 66
References	p. 68
Review questions	p. 69
Problems	p. 71
Driveline dynamics
Introduction	p. 3
Modelling driveline dynamics	p. 4
Bond graph models of driveline components	p. 11
Driveline models	p. 21
Analysis	p. 28
Concluding remarks	p. 51
Further reading	p. 52
References	p. 52
Review questions	p. 53
Problems	p. 54
Hybrid electric vehicles
Introduction	p. 4
Types of hybrid electric vehicles	p. 5
Power split devices	p. 20
HEV component characteristics	p. 49
HEV performance analysis	p. 70
HEV component sizing	p. 82
Power management	p. 122
Concluding remarks	p. 135
Further reading	p. 136
References	p. 137
Review questions	p. 138
Problems	p. 139
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Vehicle Powertrain Systems

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Table of Contents

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