Victims of Cruelty Somatic Psychotherapy in

InVictims of Cruelty, Maryanna Eckberg incorporates work with Vietnam veterans (the first to be diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder) and the Chowchilla kidnapping victims. This personal testimony of how people can heal after trauma is also a professional book describing the effects of personal and political repression and how we can liberate our bodies and minds from terror.

Maryanna Eckberg devoted her career to helping trauma victims and the victims of political torture. She worked for many years in El Salvador with the Commission on Human Rights, and at the Universidad Jose Simeon Canas. Her work during the last years of her life focused on publishing and speaking on somatic and verbal interventions in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. She died in October of 1999.

Acknowledgments

xi

Foreword

xiii

Introduction

xv

Shock Trauma And A Somatic Perspective

1

(38)

Developmental Trauma and Shock Trauma

1

(2)

Hallmarks of Shock Trauma

3

(22)

Inability to Modulate Arousal

4

(1)

Intrusion of Traumatic Elements

5

(2)

Somatization

7

(1)

Reenactment

8

(5)

Avoidance and Numbing

13

(1)

Dissociation

14

(3)

Loss of Flexibility in Responding to Life Situations

17

(1)

Disruption of Attachment Bonds

18

(2)

Immobility

20

(2)

Modification of Personal Identity and World View

22

(1)

Shame

22

(1)

Formation of a Posttraumatic Identity

23

(2)

Life Energy and Negative Emotions

25

(1)

Neurophysiological Underpinnings of Shock Trauma

25

(3)

The Psychobiology of Traumatic Shock

28

(2)

Trauma and Memory

30

(5)

Body-Oriented Psychotherapy

35

(4)

The Clinical Process: A Somatic Orientation

39

(26)

Education, Containment, and Stabilization

41

(7)

Renegotiation, Reorganization and Integration

48

(10)

The Capacity to Experience Pleasure

58

(3)

Integration of Traumatic Material

61

(4)

Grieving

61

(1)

Hands-On Work

62

(3)

Transference and Societal Trauma

65

(20)

Transference and Countertransference

65

(8)

Transference

66

(4)

Countertransference

70

(3)

Secondary Traumatization

73

(7)

Traumatization of a Society

80

(5)

Denial

81

(1)

Dissociation

81

(1)

Reenactment

82

(1)

Destruction of Identity

83

(1)

Broken Connections

83

(1)

Healing

84

(1)

A Psychologist In El Salvador: Part One

85

(18)

A Psychologist In El Salvador: Part Two

103

(18)

Colleen's Story: Survivor Of A Near Fatal Accident

121

(18)

Edith's Story: A Survivor Of Political Torture

139

(24)

Political Torture and Other Forms of Torture

141

(3)

Edith's Story

144

(3)

The Treatment Process

147

(4)

Session 4

151

(2)

Session 8

153

(4)

Summary of Sessions 12, 13, 14

157

(2)

Session 15

159

(4)

Hanah's Story: A Survivor of Childhood Torture

163

(28)

Hanah's Life

164

(3)

The Treatment Process

167

(24)

Building Trust and Resources

167

(8)

The Trauma Vortex: Basic Issues and Memories

175

(12)

Healing and Dying

187

(4)

My Story: A Survivor Of Incest and Medical Abuse

191

(28)

The Destruction of a Self

191

(3)

The Investigation: How Could It Have Happened?

194

(6)

A Brief History of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

200

(4)

The Studies

204

(3)

Conclusions

207

(2)

The Reconstruction of a Self

209

(7)

The Effect on My Children: The Transgenerational Effects of Trauma

216

(3)

Appendix SOMATIC INTERVENTIONS

219

(6)

Individuals

219

(2)

Pairs

221

(2)

Group

223

(2)

Chapter Notes

225

(4)

References

229

(10)

Index

239

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Victims of Cruelty Somatic Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials