Visualizing Human Biology
, by Ireland, Kathleen A.- ISBN: 9781119398158 | 1119398150
- Cover: Loose-leaf
- Copyright: 12/19/2017
Visualizing Human Biology is a visual exploration of the major concepts of biology using the human body as the context. Students are engaged in scientific exploration and critical thinking in this product specially designed for non-science majors. Topics covered include an overview of human anatomy and physiology, nutrition, immunity and disease, cancer biology, and genetics. The aim of Visualizing Human Biology is a greater understanding, appreciation and working knowledge of biology as well as an enhanced ability to make healthy choices and informed healthcare decisions.
Kathleen A. Ireland obtained her B.S. from the University of Alabama while gaining experience working both for a major pharmaceutical company and for a Marine Sciences Foundation in Florida. She continued her education at the University of Alabama, earning an M.S. in Marine Sciences in 1981. After a few years working for an agricultural genetics corporation and giving birth to two sons, Kathleen returned to school, earning a Ph.D. from Iowa State University while teaching their Human Biology course. She later moved to Maui where she currently resides while teaching human biology for the University of Hawaii, Maui Community College. Kathleen is a member of a number of academic organizations, including the AACE, where she serves on their editorial board. She has been a contributing author on both anatomy and anatomy and physiology premedical textbooks and several grants including a multi-year HAIS / HCF grant to enhance the school-wide teaching of 21st-century skills.
1 What is Life? 1
1.1 Living Organisms Display Nine Specific Characteristics 2
1.2 Human Biology is Structured and Logical 4
1.3 Scientists Approach Questions Using the Scientific Method 9
1.4 Scientific Findings Often Lead to Ethical Dilemmas 13
2 Where Do We Come from and Where Do We Fit? 16
2.1 What are the Origins of Modern Humans? 17
2.2 What Does the Human Body Have in Common with the World Around It? 23
2.3 We Reflect Our Environment: We Have a Habitat and a Niche 29
3 Everyday Chemistry of Life 33
3.1 Life Has a Unique Chemistry 34
3.2 Water is Life’s Essential Chemical 41
3.3 Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins Provide Form and Function 43
3.4 Nucleic Acids Carry Information and Direct Protein Formation 50
4 Cells: Organization and Communication 57
4.1 The Cell is Highly Organized and Dynamic 58
4.2 The Cell Membrane Delineates the Cell 60
4.3 The Components of a Cell are Called Organelles 65
4.4 Cell Communication is Important to Cellular Success 73
5 Tissues 77
5.1 Some Tissues Provide Covering, Protection, and Support 78
5.2 Other Tissues Provide Movement, Heat, and Integration 84
5.3 Organization Increases with Organs, Organ Systems, and the Organism 88
5.4 Scientists Use a Road Map to the Human Body 92
6 The Skeletomuscular System 97
6.1 The Skeletomuscular System is Multifunctional and Dynamic 98
6.2 Bone is Strong and Light Tissue 100
6.3 The Skeleton Holds It All Together 105
6.4 Skeletal Muscles Exercise Power 114
6.5 Whole-Muscle Contractions Require Energy 120
7 The Nervous System 127
7.1 The Nervous System is Categorized by Structure and Function 128
7.2 Neurons Work Through Action Potentials 132
7.3 The Meninges Protect the Brain’s Delicate Structures 139
7.4 The Functions of the Brain and Spinal Cord are Related 145
7.5 The Peripheral Nervous System Extends the Central Nervous System 150
8 The Special Senses 156
8.1 The Special Senses Tell Us about Our Environment 157
8.2 Vision is Our Most Acute Sense 163
8.3 The Special Senses are Our Connection to the Outside World 169
9 Immunity and the Lymphatic System 173
9.1 How Do We Adapt to Stress? 174
9.2 Skin and Mucous Membranes are the First Line of Defense 177
9.3 We Have a Second Line of Innate Defense 182
9.4 The Lymphatic System Comprises Our Third Line of Defense 184
9.5 Specific Immunity Targets Pathogens 189
9.6 Immunity Can Be Acquired Actively or Passively 195
10 Infectious Disease and Epidemiology 200
10.1 The Study of Epidemics is Global in Scope 201
10.2 Bacteria are Single-Celled Wonders That Can Cause Disease 205
10.3 Viruses Can Reproduce and Kill, but They are Not Alive 211
10.4 AIDS and HIV Attack the Immune System 217
10.5 Other Pathogens Carry Other Dangers 222
11 The Human Microbiome 226
11.1 What is the Human Microbiome? 227
11.2 Our Microbiome Helps Maintain Homeostasis 233
11.3 The Microbiome in Diagnoses and Treatments 238
12 Cancer 245
12.1 Cancer Cells Develop in Distinct Ways 246
12.2 Cancer Has Many Causes 251
12.3 Cancer Can Strike Almost Any Part of the Body 256
12.4 Cancer Can Be Diagnosed and Treated Effectively 261
13 The Cardiovascular System 268
13.1 The Heart Ensures Continual, 24/7 Nutrient Delivery 269
13.2 Blood Transport Involves Miles of Sophisticated Plumbing 278
13.3 Cardiovascular Disorders Have Life-Threatening Consequences 281
13.4 Blood Consists of Plasma and Formed Elements 285
13.5 Red Blood Cells and Platelets Help Maintain Homeostasis 290
14 The Respiratory System: Movement of Air 297
14.1 The Respiratory System Has an Upper and Lower Tract 298
14.2 The Lower Respiratory Tract Exchanges Gases 302
14.3 Air is Moved Into and Out of the Respiratory System 308
14.4 Respiration Relies on the Cardiovascular System 311
14.5 Respiratory Health is Critical to Survival 315
15 Nutrition: You are What You Eat 322
15.1 Nutrients are Life Sustaining 323
15.2 Nutrients are Metabolized 332
15.3 Health Can Be Hurt by Nutritional Disorders 336
16 The Digestive System 343
16.1 Digestion Begins in the Oral Cavity 344
16.2 The Stomach Puts Food to the Acid Test 349
16.3 The Intestines and Accessory Organs Finish the Job 352
16.4 Digestion is Both Mechanical and Chemical 360
17 The Urinary System 365
17.1 The Kidneys are the Core of the Urinary System 366
17.2 Urine is Made, Transported, and Stored 369
17.3 The Urinary System Maintains the Body’s Fluid and Solute Balance 375
17.4 Life-Threatening Diseases Affect the Urinary System 378
18 The Endocrine System and Development 383
18.1 Hormones are Chemical Messengers 384
18.2 The Endocrine Glands Secrete Directly into the Bloodstream 388
18.3 Maintaining Homeostasis Requires Glands, Hormones, and Feedback 393
18.4 Development Takes Us from Infancy to Adulthood 401
19 The Reproductive Systems: Maintaining the Species 407
19.1 Survival of the Species Depends on Gamete Formation 408
19.2 The Male Reproductive System Produces, Stores, and Delivers Sperm 410
19.3 The Female Reproductive System Produces and Nourishes Eggs 417
19.4 Human Reproductive Cycles are Controlled by Hormones 422
19.5 There are Many Birth Control Choices 428
19.6 Sexual Contact Carries a Danger: Sexually Transmitted Diseases 435
20 Pregnancy: Development from Conception to Newborn 439
20.1 Days 1 Through 14 Include Fertilization and Implantation 440
20.2 The Embryonic Stage is Marked by Differentiation and Morphogenesis 446
20.3 Fetal Development is a Stage of Rapid Organ Growth 452
20.4 Labor Initiates the End of Pregnancy 457
21 Inheritance, Genetics, and Molecular Biology 464
21.1 Traits are Inherited in Specific Patterns 465
21.2 Modern Genetics Uncovers a Molecular Picture 471
21.3 Genetic Theory is Put to Practical Use 474
21.4 Biotechnology Has Far-Reaching Effects 479
21.5 Biotechnology Assists in Medical and Societal Issues 484
Appendix A Periodic Table A-1
Appendix B Measurements B-1
Glossary GL-1
Index I-1
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