Voice and Data Internetworking

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ISBN: 9780072122169 | 0072122161
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 9/1/1999

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-- Networking expert Gil Held shows network managers techniques that can be used to transport real-time voice conversations over networks designed for data transmission.
-- Not just theory - Application notes in each chapter show how to implement the technology, such as how to route call center calls over an IP gateway.
-- New cutting edge material on Voice over IP Gateways and QoS (Quality of Service) including why its needed, and how it can be obtained.
-- In depth explanation of how to transmit voice over private IP networks, the Internet, and Intranets.

Preface

xvii

Acknowledgments

xix

Introduction

(28)

Overview

(2)

Rationale

(6)

Classical Data over Voice Constraints

(2)

Advantages of Voice over Data Networking

(1)

Bandwidth Allocation

(1)

Modern Voice-compression Techniques

(1)

Sunk Costs

(1)

Multiple Access via a Single Network Connection

(1)

Enhanced Reliability

(1)

Economics of Use

(1)

Potential Problems to Consider

(9)

Reliability

(1)

Predictability

(1)

Effects on Voice Applications

(1)

Techniques to Improve Predictability

(1)

Security

(1)

Access Control

(2)

Encryption

(1)

Authentication

(1)

Regulatory Considerations

(1)

Rationale

(1)

National Events

(1)

International Events

(1)

Standards

(1)

Applications

(4)

Document Conferencing

(1)

Help Desk Access

(1)

Integrated Call Management

(1)

Order Placement

(1)

Unified Messaging

(1)

Technological Success

(2)

Circuit Switching versus Packet Switching

(1)

The Rosetta Stone of Delay

(1)

Topic Preview

(4)

The Internet Protocol

(1)

Frame Relay

(1)

Voice Basics

(1)

Telephone Operations

(1)

Voice over IP

(1)

Voice over Frame Relay

(1)

Management

(2)

IP and Related Protocols

(58)

The TCP/IP Family

(11)

The OSI Reference Model

(1)

The Physical Layer

(1)

The Data Link Layer

(1)

The Network Layer

(1)

The Transport Layer

(1)

The Session Layer

(1)

The Presentation Layer

(1)

The Application Layer

(1)

Data Flow

(1)

The TCP/IP Protocol Family

(1)

FTP

(1)

Telnet

(1)

SMTP

(1)

HTTP

(1)

SNMP

(1)

DNS

(1)

RTP

(1)

Transport Protocol Overview

(1)

TCP

(1)

UDP

(1)

Virtual Circuit Transmission

(1)

Datagram Transmission

(1)

The Internet Protocol

(28)

The IP Header

(1)

Vers Field

(1)

Hlen and Total Length Fields

(1)

Service Type Field

(1)

Identification and Fragment Offset Fields

(1)

Time-to-live Field

(1)

Flags Field

(1)

Protocol Field

(1)

Source and Destination Address Fields

(1)

IP Addressing

(1)

Overview

(1)

IPv4

(1)

The Basic Addressing Scheme

(1)

Address Classes

(3)

Dotted-Decimal Notation

(1)

Reserved Addresses

(1)

Networking Basics

(5)

The Subnet Mask

(1)

Configuration Examples

(3)

Classless Networking

(1)

IPv6

(1)

Address Architecture

(1)

Address Types

(1)

Address Notation

(1)

Address Allocation

(3)

Address Resolution

(2)

TCP and UDP Headers

(5)

The TCP Headers

(1)

Source and Destination Port Fields

(1)

Sequence and Acknowledgment Number Fields

(1)

Hlen Field

(1)

Code Bits Field

(1)

Window Field

(1)

The UDP Header

(1)

Source and Destination Port Fields

(1)

Length Field

(1)

Checksum Field

(1)

Firewall and Router Considerations

(1)

RTP, RSVP, and H.323

(13)

RTP

(1)

Overview

(1)

The RTP Protocol

(1)

The RTP Header

(1)

Version Field

(1)

Padding Field

(1)

Extension Field

(1)

CSRC Count Field

(1)

Market Field

(1)

Payload Type Field

(1)

Sequence Number Field

(1)

Time-Stamp Field

(1)

Synchronization Source Identifier Field

(1)

Contributing Source Identifier Field

(1)

Summary

(1)

RSVP

(1)

Overview

(1)

Operation

(1)

Flowspec and Filterspec

(1)

Classifiers and Schedulers

(1)

Message Types

(1)

Status

(1)

The H.323 Standard

(1)

Components

(1)

The H.323 Protocol Stack

(1)

Operation

(2)

Interoperability

(1)

Gateway-to-Gateway

(1)

Gateway-to-Gateway Plus Gatekeeper-to-Gatekeeper

(1)

Gatekeeper-to-Gateway

(1)

Frame Relay

(28)

Overview

(5)

x.25 Network Delay Constraints

(1)

Fiber-optic-based Backbones

(1)

Comparison to x.25

(1)

Protocol Stack Operation

(1)

Network Access

(1)

Network Congestion

(1)

Feature Comparison

(2)

Evolution and Standardization

(4)

LAP-D

(1)

Bell Labs and ANSI Standards

(1)

The Frame Relay Forum

(3)

Frame Relay Operations

(13)

Frame Formats

(1)

Flag Fields

(1)

Header Field

(1)

DLCI Subfield

(2)

FECN, BECN, and DE Subfields

101

(1)

The CIR

102

(1)

Committed Burst Size

102

(1)

Excess Burst Size

102

(1)

Using the DE Bit

103

(1)

Command/Response Subfield

104

(1)

Extended Address Subfield

104

(1)

Information Field

104

(1)

Variable-Length Field Problems

104

(2)

Quality of Service

106

(1)

Frame Check Sequence Field

107

(1)

Management

107

(1)

Frame Types

108

(1)

Optional LMI Functions

109

(1)

Global Addressing

109

(1)

Multicasting

109

(1)

Flow Control

110

(1)

Cost of Use

110

(5)

Cost Components

110

(1)

Local Access Line

110

(1)

Switch Port Cost

111

(1)

PVC Charge

111

(1)

Other Cost Considerations

111

(2)

Pricing Example

113

(2)

Understanding Voice

115

(28)

Basic Properties of Speech

116

(4)

Classes of Speech

117

(1)

Voiced Sounds

118

(1)

Unvoiced Sounds

118

(1)

Plosive Sounds

118

(2)

Waveform Coding

120

(11)

Pulse Code Modulation

121

(1)

Sampling

121

(1)

Quantization

122

(1)

Nonuiform Quantization

123

(1)

Companding

123

(2)

Coding

125

(1)

PCM Multiplexing

126

(1)

PCM System Operation

127

(1)

Adaptive Differential PCM

128

(1)

Operation

128

(1)

Implementation

129

(1)

Continuously Variable Slope Delta Modulation

130

(1)

Operation

130

(1)

Utilization

130

(1)

Digital Speech Interpolation

131

(1)

Vocoding

131

(3)

Operation

132

(1)

Types of Vocoders

133

(1)

Homomorphic Vocoders

133

(1)

Linear Predictive Vocoder

133

(1)

Hybrid Coding

134

(6)

Regular Pulse Excited Coding

135

(1)

Code Excited Linear Predictor Coders

136

(1)

FS 1016

136

(1)

The G. 728 Recommendation

137

(1)

The G. 729 Recommendation

138

(1)

The G. 723.1 Recommendation

138

(2)

Algorithm Selection

140

(3)

Telephone Operations

143

(22)

Signaling

144

(1)

Types

144

(1)

Initiating a Telephone Call

145

(5)

The Telephone Connection

145

(1)

The Subscriber Loop

146

(1)

Dial Registers and Dial Tones

146

(1)

Intraswitch Communications

146

(1)

The Telephone Set

146

(1)

The Handset

147

(1)

The Switch Hook

147

(1)

The Side Tone

147

(1)

The Dialer

147

(1)

The Local Loop

148

(1)

The Switch Hybrid

148

(2)

Signaling Methods

150

(14)

Types of Signaling

150

(1)

Supervisory Signaling

150

(1)

Loop-Start Signaling

150

(1)

Address Signaling

151

(1)

Dial Pulse

151

(1)

Tone Dialing

152

(1)

Informational Signaling

152

(1)

Dial Tone

152

(1)

Ringing Signal

153

(1)

Ringback Signal

153

(1)

Busy Signal

153

(1)

Fast Busy Signal

153

(1)

Trunk Signaling

153

(1)

Avoiding Glare

154

(1)

Start-dial Supervision

155

(1)

Wink-start Signaling

155

(1)

Immediate-start Signaling

156

(1)

Tone-start Signaling

156

(1)

Ground-start Signaling

156

(2)

E&M Signaling

158

(1)

Terminology

158

(1)

Type I Signaling

159

(1)

Type II Signaling

159

(1)

Type III Signaling

160

(1)

Type IV Signaling

160

(1)

Type V Signaling

161

(1)

Interface Considerations

161

(1)

T1 Signaling

162

(1)

CCS

162

(1)

CAS

163

(1)

PBX Interface Considerations

164

(1)

Voice over IP Networking

165

(44)

Internet Telephony versus Telephony over the Internet

167

(21)

Internet Telephony

167

(1)

Overview

167

(1)

Economic Issues

168

(1)

Basic Access Methods

168

(1)

Pricing Structure

169

(1)

Flat-Fee Billing

170

(1)

Line-Utilization Billing

171

(1)

Upgrade Considerations

171

(1)

Internet Telephony Operations

172

(1)

Hardware and Software Requirements

172

(1)

Processor and RAM

172

(1)

Modem

173

(1)

Sound Card

173

(1)

Directory Services

174

(1)

Constraints and Compatibility Issues

174

(1)

Bandwidth Conservation Method

174

(2)

Windows Code Support

176

(2)

Packet Delay and Loss Handling

178

(1)

Silence Generation

178

(1)

Voice Reconstruction

178

(1)

LAN Connectivity Operation

179

(1)

Security Considerations

179

(2)

Connection Method

181

(1)

Gateway Service

181

(2)

Features

183

(1)

Protocols Used

184

(1)

Session Initiation Protocol

185

(1)

Server Operating Modes

185

(1)

SIP Transmission Methods

186

(1)

Operation

186

(2)

Telephony over the Internet

188

(14)

LAN Traffic Constraints

189

(1)

Equipment Examination

190

(1)

Internet PhoneJACK

190

(1)

Voice Support

191

(1)

Fabrication

191

(1)

OS Support

191

(1)

Micon V/IP

191

(1)

Basic Configuration

192

(1)

Operation

192

(1)

Overcoming Predictability Problems

193

(1)

Economics

194

(1)

Gateway Cost

194

(1)

Computing Return on Investment

195

(1)

Examining Increased Usage

195

(2)

International Calling

197

(1)

Vocal Tec Internet Telephony Gateway

197

(1)

Overview

197

(1)

Calling Support

198

(1)

Telephone-to-telephone Calling

198

(1)

Internet Phone-to-telephone Calling

199

(1)

Telephone-to-Internet Phone Calling

199

(1)

Browser-to-telephone Calling

199

(1)

Other Features

200

(1)

MultiTech MultiVOIP

200

(1)

Features

201

(1)

Utilization Economics

201

(1)

IP over ATM

202

(7)

Overview

203

(1)

IP Datagram Considerations

203

(1)

ATM Classes of Service

204

(1)

Timing Relationship

204

(1)

Bit Rate Variability

204

(1)

Connection Mode

204

(2)

Ingress Considerations

206

(1)

Economics

207

(2)

Voice over Frame Relay

209

(40)

Technological Issues

210

(17)

Frame Length Handling

211

(1)

Effect of Variable-length Frames

212

(1)

Considering End-to-end Delay

213

(1)

Worst-case Delay

213

(1)

Varying the Access Line Operating Rate

214

(1)

Fragmentation

215

(1)

Frame Prioritization

216

(1)

Memory Partitioning and Priority Queues

216

(1)

Prioritization Techniques

216

(1)

Frame Loss Handling

217

(1)

Echo Cancellation

218

(1)

Frame Delay Handling

219

(1)

Jitter and Jitter Compensation

219

(1)

Silence Suppression

220

(1)

Voice-Compression Method

220

(1)

Low-Bit-Rate Coding

221

(1)

Telephony Signaling

221

(1)

Multiplexing Technique Used

222

(1)

Logical Link Multiplexing

222

(1)

Subchannel Multiplexing

222

(1)

Frame Relay over ATM

223

(1)

Overview

223

(1)

Frame Structure

224

(1)

Mapping Issues

225

(1)

Economics

226

(1)

Frame Relay Cost

226

(1)

ATM Cost

226

(1)

Equipment Operation and Utilization

227

(15)

ACT Networks

227

(1)

The Integrated FRAD

228

(1)

Operational Features

228

(1)

Signal Prioritization

229

(1)

Frame Fragmentation

229

(1)

Predictive Congestion Management

230

(1)

Jitter Buffers

230

(1)

Silence Detection

230

(1)

Voice-compression Support

231

(1)

Telephone Signaling Support

231

(1)

The SN-8800 NetPerformer

231

(2)

Memotec

233

(1)

CX900e FRAD

233

(1)

Voice Module Support

234

(1)

Operation

234

(1)

Nuera Communications

235

(1)

The F100 FRAD

235

(2)

Asymmetric Fax Channels

237

(1)

Adaptable Echo Cancellation

237

(1)

Digital Voice/fax Card Support

237

(1)

Economics of Use

237

(1)

Amortizing One-time Equipment Cost

238

(1)

Adding the Network Cost

238

(1)

Computing the Cost per Minute

238

(1)

Examining the Effect of Increased Call Volume

239

(1)

Examining the Incremental Cost of Voice

240

(1)

General Observations

240

(1)

Feature Checklist

241

(1)

The Frame Relay Forum VoFR IA

242

(7)

Overview

243

(1)

Subframes

243

(2)

The Subframe Format

245

(1)

Conformance Issues

246

(1)

For Further Reference

246

(3)

Management Issues

249

(12)

Using TCP/IP Applications

250

(9)

Ping

250

(2)

Command Format

252

(4)

Traceroute

256

(1)

Operation

256

(1)

Command Format

257

(2)

Traffic Prioritization Considerations

259

(2)

Shared versus Switched Operations

259

(1)

Ingress Operations

260

(1)

Egress Operations

260

(1)

Summary

260

(1)

Appendix A

261

(48)

Appendix B

309

(8)

Glossary

317

(16)

Index

333

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Voice and Data Internetworking

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

FREE SHIPPING

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Voice and Data Internetworking

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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