Voltage-Sourced Converters in Power Systems Modeling, Control, and Applications
, by Yazdani, Amirnaser; Iravani, Reza- ISBN: 9780470521564 | 0470521562
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 2/15/2010
Preface | p. xv |
Acknowledgments | p. xvii |
Acronyms | p. xix |
Electronic Power Conversion | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Power-Electronic Converters and Converter Systems | p. 1 |
Applications of Electronic Converters in Power Systems | p. 3 |
Power-Electronic Switches | p. 4 |
Switch Classification | p. 5 |
Switch Characteristics | p. 8 |
Classification of Converters | p. 8 |
Classification Based on Commutation Process | p. 8 |
Classification Based on Terminal Voltage and Current Waveforms | p. 9 |
Voltage-Sourced Converter (VSC) | p. 10 |
Basic Configurations | p. 10 |
Multimodule VSC Systems | p. 11 |
Multilevel VSC Systems | p. 14 |
Scope of the Book | p. 20 |
Fundamentals | p. 21 |
DC/AC Half-Bridge Converter | p. 23 |
Introduction | p. 23 |
Converter Structure | p. 23 |
Principles of Operation | p. 25 |
Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) | p. 25 |
Converter Waveforms | p. 26 |
Converter Switched Model | p. 27 |
Converter Averaged Model | p. 32 |
Nonideal Half-Bridge Converter | p. 38 |
Analysis of Nonideal Half-Bridge Converter: Positive AC-Side Current | p. 38 |
Analysis of Nonideal Converter: Negative AC-Side Current | p. 43 |
Averaged Model of Nonideal Half-Bridge Converter | p. 45 |
Control of Half-Bridge Converter | p. 48 |
Introduction | p. 48 |
AC-Side Control Model of Half-Bridge Converter | p. 48 |
Control of Half-Bridge Converter | p. 50 |
Feed-Forward Compensation | p. 53 |
Impact on Start-Up Transient | p. 53 |
Impact on Dynamic Coupling Between Converter System and AC System | p. 54 |
Impact on Disturbance Rejection Capability | p. 57 |
Sinusoidal Command Following | p. 59 |
Space Phasors and Two-Dimensional Frames | p. 69 |
Introduction | p. 69 |
Space-Phasor Representation of a Balanced Three-Phase Function | p. 70 |
Definition of Space Phasor | p. 70 |
Changing the Amplitude and Phase Angle of a Three-phase Signal | p. 73 |
Generating a Controllable-Amplitude/Controllable-Frequency Three-Phase Signal | p. 78 |
Space-Phasor Representation of Harmonics | p. 81 |
Space-Phasor Representation of Three-Phase Systems | p. 82 |
Decoupled Symmetrical Three-Phase Systems | p. 83 |
Coupled Symmetrical Three-Phase Systems | p. 87 |
Asymmetrical Three-Phase Systems | p. 88 |
Power in Three-Wire Three-Phase Systems | p. 88 |
¿ß-Frame Representation and Control of Three-Phase Signals and Systems | p. 91 |
¿ß-Frame Representation of a Space Phasor | p. 91 |
Realization of Signal Generators/Conditioners in ¿ß-Frame | p. 94 |
Formulation of Power in or ¿ß-Frame | p. 95 |
Control in ¿ß-Frame | p. 96 |
Representation of Systems in ¿ß-Frame | p. 98 |
dq-Frame Representation and Control of Three-Phase Systems | p. 101 |
dq-Frame Representation of a Space Phasor | p. 101 |
Formulation of Power in dq-Frame | p. 105 |
Control in dq-Frame | p. 105 |
Representation of Systems in dq-Frame | p. 107 |
Two-Level, Three-Phase Voltage-Sourced Converter | p. 115 |
Introduction | p. 115 |
Two-Level Voltage-Sourced Converter | p. 115 |
Circuit Structure | p. 115 |
Principles of Operation | p. 116 |
Power Loss of Nonideal Two-Level VSC | p. 118 |
Models and Control of Two-Level VSC | p. 119 |
Averaged Model of Two-Level VSC | p. 119 |
Model of Two-Level VSC in ¿ß-Frame | p. 121 |
Model and Control of Two-Level VSC in dq-Frame | p. 124 |
Classification of VSC Systems | p. 125 |
Three-Level, Three-Phase, Neutral-Point Clamped, Voltage-Sourced Converter | p. 127 |
Introduction | p. 127 |
Three-Level Half-Bridge NPC | p. 128 |
Generating Positive AC-Side Voltages | p. 128 |
Generating Negative AC-Side Voltages | p. 129 |
PWM Scheme For Three-Level Half-Bridge NPC | p. 130 |
Switched Model of Three-Level Half-Bridge NPC | p. 133 |
Switched AC-Side Terminal Voltage | p. 133 |
Switched DC-Side Terminal Currents | p. 133 |
Averaged Model of Three-Level Half-Bridge NPC | p. 135 |
Averaged AC-Side Terminal Voltage | p. 135 |
Averaged DC-Side Terminal Currents | p. 135 |
Three-Level NPC | p. 136 |
Circuit Structure | p. 136 |
Principles of Operation | p. 136 |
Midpoint Current | p. 138 |
Three-Level NPC with Impressed DC-Side Voltages | p. 143 |
Three-Level NPC with Capacitive DC-Side Voltage Divider | p. 144 |
Partial DC-Side Voltage Drift Phenomenon | p. 145 |
DC-Side Voltage Equalization | p. 146 |
Derivation of DC-Side Currents | p. 152 |
Unified Models of Three-Level NPC and Two-Level VSC | p. 153 |
Impact of DC Capacitors Voltage Ripple on AC-Side Harmonics | p. 155 |
Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC System: Control in ¿ß-Frame | p. 160 |
Introduction | p. 160 |
Structure of Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC System | p. 160 |
Real/Reaetive-Power Controller | p. 161 |
Current-Mode Versus Voltage-Mode Control | p. 162 |
Dynamic Model of Real-/Reactive-Power Controller | p. 163 |
Current-Mode Control of Real-/Reactive-Power Controller | p. 165 |
Selection of DC-Bus Voltage Level | p. 168 |
Trade-Offs and Practical Considerations | p. 173 |
PWM with Third-Harmonic Injection | p. 174 |
Real-/Reactive-Power Controller Based on Three-Level NPC | p. 181 |
Midpoint Current of Three-level NPC Based on Third-Harmonic Injected PWM | p. 188 |
Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port | p. 189 |
Model of Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port | p. 191 |
DC-Bus Voltage Control in Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port | p. 195 |
Simplified and Accurate Models | p. 200 |
Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC System: Control in dq-Frame | p. 204 |
Introduction | p. 204 |
Structure of Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC System | p. 205 |
Real-/Reactive-Power Controller | p. 206 |
Current-Mode Versus Voltage-Mode Control | p. 206 |
Representation of Space Phasors in dq-Frame | p. 208 |
Dynamic Model of Real/Reactive Power Controller | p. 208 |
Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) | p. 211 |
Compensator Design for PLL | p. 213 |
Current-Mode Control of Real-/Reactive-Power Controller | p. 217 |
VSC Current Control | p. 219 |
Selection of DC-Bus Voltage Level | p. 224 |
AC-Side Equivalent Circuit | p. 226 |
PWM with Third-Harmonic Injection | p. 231 |
Real-/Reactive-Power Controller Based on Three-Level NPC | p. 232 |
Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port | p. 234 |
Model of Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port | p. 235 |
Control of Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port | p. 237 |
Simplified and Accurate Models | p. 242 |
Controlled-Frequency VSC System | p. 245 |
Introduction | p. 245 |
Structure of Controlled-Frequency VSC System | p. 246 |
Model of Controlled-Frequency VSC System | p. 247 |
Voltage Control | p. 253 |
Autonomous Operation | p. 262 |
Variable-Frequency VSC System | p. 270 |
Introduction | p. 270 |
Structure of Variable-Frequency VSC System | p. 270 |
Control of Variable-Frequency VSC System | p. 273 |
Asynchronous Machine | p. 274 |
Doubly-Fed Asynchronous Machine | p. 288 |
Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine | p. 307 |
Applications | p. 311 |
Static Compensator (STATCOM) | p. 313 |
Introduction | p. 313 |
Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port | p. 313 |
STATCOM Structure | p. 314 |
Dynamic Model for PCC Voltage Control | p. 315 |
Large-Signal Model of PCC Voltage Dynamics | p. 315 |
Small-Signal Model of PCC Voltage Dynamics | p. 318 |
Steady-State Operating Point | p. 320 |
Approximate Model of PCC Voltage Dynamics | p. 321 |
STATCOM Control | p. 322 |
Compensator Design for PCC Voltage Controller | p. 324 |
Model Evaluation | p. 324 |
Back-to-Rack HVDC Conversion System | p. 334 |
Introduction | p. 334 |
HVDC System Structure | p. 334 |
HVDC System Model | p. 336 |
Grid and Interface Transformer Models | p. 336 |
Back-to-Back Converter System Model | p. 338 |
HVDC System Control | p. 342 |
Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) | p. 342 |
dq-Frame Current-Control Scheme | p. 345 |
PWM Gating Signal Generator | p. 348 |
Partial DC-Side Voltage Equalization | p. 349 |
Power Flow Control | p. 350 |
DC-Bus Voltage Regulation | p. 331 |
HVDC System Performance Under an Asymmetrical Fault | p. 353 |
PCC Voltage Under an Asymmetrical Fault | p. 354 |
Performance of PLL Under an Asymmetrical Fault | p. 357 |
Performance of dq-Frame Current-Control Scheme Under an Asymmetrical Fault | p. 358 |
Dynamics of DC-Bus Voltage Under an Asymmetrical Fault | p. 360 |
Generation of Low-Order Harmonics Under Asymmetrical Fault | p. 365 |
Steady-State Power-Flow Under an Asymmetrical Fault | p. 369 |
DC-Bus Voltage Control Under an Asymmetrical Fault | p. 371 |
Variable-Speed Wind-Power System | p. 385 |
Introduction | p. 385 |
Constant-Speed and Variable-Speed Wind-Power Systems | p. 385 |
Constant-Speed Wind-Power Systems | p. 385 |
Variable-Speed Wind-Power Systems | p. 386 |
Wind Turbine Characteristics | p. 388 |
Maximum Power Extraction from A Variable-Speed Wind-Power System | p. 390 |
Variable-Speed Wind-Power System Based on Doubly-Fed Asynchronous Machine | p. 393 |
Structure of the Doubly-Fed Asynchronous Machine-Based Wind-Power System | p. 393 |
Machine Torque Control by Variable-Frequency VSC System | p. 395 |
DC-Bus Voltage Regulation by Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port | p. 397 |
Compensator Design for Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port | p. 401 |
Space-Phasor Representation of Symmetrical Three-Phase Electric Machines | p. 413 |
Introduction | p. 413 |
Structure of Symmetrical Three-Phase Machine | p. 413 |
Machine Electrical Model | p. 414 |
Terminal Voltage/Current Equations | p. 415 |
Stator Flux Space Phasor | p. 415 |
Rotor Flux Space Phasor | p. 417 |
Machine Electrical Torque | p. 418 |
Machine Equivalent Circuit | p. 418 |
Machine Dynamic Equivalent Circuit | p. 418 |
Machine Steady-State Equivalent Circuit | p. 420 |
Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) | p. 421 |
PMSM Electrical Model | p. 421 |
PMSM Steady-State Equivalent Circuit | p. 424 |
Per-Unit Values for VSC Systems | p. 426 |
Introduction | p. 426 |
Base Values for AC-Side Quantities | p. 426 |
Base Values for DC-Side Quantities | p. 426 |
References | p. 431 |
Index | p. 439 |
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