War Crimes and Justice : A Reference Handbook

SERIES HIGHLIGHTS: - Thematic essay and topical entry formats- Extensive resources for further research- Coverage of critical issues facing America and the world

Howard Ball is professor emeritus of political science and University Scholar at the University of Vermont. In 2002-2003, he is professor of government at Dartmouth College. He is also an adjunct professor at the Vermont Law School.

Acknowledgments

xiii

Preface

xv

Introduction

1

(28)

Defining War Crimes

5

(18)

Establishment of International Laws of War

10

(1)

Historical Perspective

11

(1)

Legal Sources for the Laws of War

12

(11)

International Ad Hoc War Crimes Tribunals Since 1945

23

(3)

Conclusion

26

(1)

References

27

(2)

The Pursuit of Justice: Current Issues, Controversies, and Possible Solutions

29

(32)

The Toll on Civilians Since 1945

29

(2)

No Peace Without Justice: Current Issues

31

(26)

Trying Heads of State

32

(6)

Hybrid International Criminal Courts

38

(9)

Truth and Reconciliation Commissions

47

(1)

The Permanent International Criminal Court

48

(9)

Conclusion

57

(1)

References

58

(3)

International Laws of War: A Chronology of Major Treaties and Events in Armed Conflicts that Triggered their Adoption, 1856--2002

61

(24)

Chronology

62

(21)

Conclusion

83

(1)

References

83

(2)

People and Events

85

(22)

Major Treaties and Reports

107

(96)

Major Treaties (Excerpts)

107

(79)

Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Wounded and Sick of Armies in the Field, 1864

107

(3)

Hague Declaration, II, IV, Final Act, 1899

110

(9)

Hague Convention III, 1907

119

(7)

Geneva Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, 1925

126

(1)

Treaty of Paris (Kellogg-Briand Pact for the Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy), 1928

127

(2)

Red Cross Convention Regarding the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded and Sick of Armies in the Field, 1929

129

(3)

Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, 1929

132

(6)

Nuremberg Principles, 1946, 1950

138

(2)

UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 1948

140

(3)

The Four Geneva Conventions, 1949

143

(10)

Geneva Protocol I Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, 1977; Geneva Protocol II Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts, 1977

153

(6)

UN Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, 1993

159

(15)

UN State of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, 1994

174

(4)

Dayton Peace Accord, 1995

178

(3)

Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC), 1998

181

(5)

Major Reports/Rules/Speeches

186

(17)

Prosecutor's Opening Statement, November 21, 1945 (part 4, pp. 98--102)

186

(1)

Red Cross Fundamental Rules of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts, 1983

187

(2)

``One Sad Night.'' A Poem by Hajrie Lajqi

189

(1)

Text of Kosovo Peace Plan, June 1999

190

(3)

Newsweek Article by Joshua Hammer, July 17, 2000

193

(4)

U.S. President Bill Clinton's Speech Ratifying the ICC, December 31, 2000

197

(2)

Press Release of the ICTR

199

(2)

Official U.S. Letter Renunciating the ICC, May 6, 2002

201

(2)

Directory of Nongovernmental and Governmental Organizations

203

(14)

Essay: ``Non-Governmental Human Rights Organizations and International Humanitarian Law,'' Rachel Brett

203

(4)

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War Crimes and Justice : A Reference Handbook

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

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War Crimes and Justice : A Reference Handbook

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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