Water Demand Management

, by Butler, David; Memon, Fayyaz Ali

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ISBN: 9781843390787 | 1843390787
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 3/22/2006

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Summary

Supplemental Materials

This book deals with water demand

Preface

xiii

Contributors

Water consumption trends and demand forecasting techniques

(26)

Fayyaz Ali Memon

David Butler

Introduction

(1)

The Big Picture

(2)

Per Capita Water Consumption

(2)

Factors Influencing Consumption

(2)

Consumption By Micro-Component

(2)

Water Consumption Trends And Saving Potential

(3)

Demand Forecasting Techniques

(11)

Unmeasured household demand

(1)

Measured household demand

(1)

Scenario-based forecasting

(3)

Statistical methods

(3)

Forecasting techniques for network operations

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

Acknowledgements

(1)

References

(2)

The technology, design and utility of rainwater catchment systems

(35)

Alan Fewkes

Introduction

(1)

Background and Application of Rainwater Catchment Systems

(6)

History

(1)

Application in Developing Countries

(1)

Application in Developed Countries

(5)

Rainwater Catchment System Categories and Components

(6)

System categories

(4)

System components

(2)

Storage Capacity of Rainwater Collectors

(9)

Background

(1)

Moran related methods

(1)

Critical period methods

(7)

Economic considerations

(1)

Other design methods

(1)

Rainwater Quality

(5)

Introduction

(1)

Chemical and Physical Contaminants

(1)

Microbiological contamination

(3)

Discussion

(3)

References

(5)

Understanding greywater treatment

(20)

William S. Warner

Introduction

(5)

Storms of controversy

(1)

Treatment principles

(2)

Treatment technology

(2)

Confusion and Controversy

(2)

Language and logic problems

(1)

Greywater Characterisation

(7)

Compounding compounds

(1)

Source sampling

(2)

Organising organisms

(1)

Actual versus potential micro-organisms

(2)

Standard Errors

(1)

Risk Assessment

(2)

Conclusions

(1)

References

(3)

Water conservation products

(25)

Nick Grant

Introduction

(1)

A framework for considering water conservation products

(4)

Definitions

(3)

The potential for technical solutions for demand managemen

(1)

Available technologies; analysis by category

(14)

Domestic appliances

(3)

Garden appliances/water efficient gardening

(1)

Grey-water and blackwater reuse

(1)

Rainwater (other than garden butts)

(1)

Taps

(1)

Supply restrictor valves

(1)

Urinals

(1)

Waterless and vacuum toilets

(1)

Water efficient WCs and displacement techniques/retrofits

(3)

Showers and baths

(1)

Plumbing systems

100

(1)

Efficiency versus reuse and harvesting

101

(4)

Environmental impact

104

(1)

Potential to offset water supply infrastructure

105

(1)

Effluent reduction (and stormwater attenuation)

105

(1)

Conclusions

105

(1)

References

106

(1)

Water conservation and sewerage systems

107

(23)

John Blanksby

Introduction

107

(4)

Aims

107

(1)

Scope

108

(1)

Development of combined and separate drainage systems

109

(2)

Design of sewerage systems

111

(1)

Flows and loads in sewers

111

(10)

Flow and load in foul sewers and combined sewers and drains in dry weather

111

(6)

Flow in combined sewers in wet weather

117

(1)

Load in combined sewers in wet weather

118

(2)

Flows and load in surface water sewers in wet and dry weather

120

(1)

SUDS

120

(1)

Pressures on urban drainage systems

121

(1)

Potential impact of water conservation methods on peripheral and core drainage systems and on treatment plant

122

(6)

Conclusions

128

(1)

References

128

(2)

An introduction to life cycle and rebound effects in water systems

130

(11)

Andrew M. Dixon

Marcelle McManus

Introduction

130

(1)

Life cycle thinking

131

(3)

Life cycle assessment

132

(1)

Recognised limitations of LCA

133

(1)

Life cycle assessment and water systems

134

(2)

LCA and demand management

134

(1)

LCA and wastewater systems

135

(1)

Rebound effects

136

(1)

Rebound effects on time savings

137

(1)

Concluding remarks

137

(1)

References

138

(3)

Further information on life cycle assessment

140

(1)

Developing a strategy for managing losses in water distribution networks

141

(39)

Stuart Trow

Malcolm Farley

Introduction

141

(2)

Understanding water losses

141

(1)

The IWA Water Loss Task Force

142

(1)

Understanding the network

143

(4)

Prioritising the tasks

143

(2)

The water balance

145

(1)

Network review

146

(1)

Dealing with real losses (leakage)

147

(13)

Developing a leakage strategy

147

(13)

Leakage management

160

(14)

Active leakage control (ALC)

160

(6)

Pressure management

166

(2)

Infrastructure management

168

(3)

Monitoring performance and maintaining progress

171

(3)

Technology and equipment

174

(3)

Data capture and analysis

174

(1)

Finding the leaks

175

(2)

Conclusions

177

(2)

References

179

(1)

Demand management in developing countries

180

(35)

Kalanithy Vairavamoorthy

M.A. Mohamed Mansoor

Introduction

180

(4)

Water crisis in developing countries

180

(2)

Water scarcity in urban areas

182

(1)

Supply driven approach

183

(1)

Growing interest in demand management

184

(1)

Demand management (DM)

184

(4)

Definitions

184

(2)

Instruments for demand management

186

(1)

Demand management and consumer types

186

(1)

Demand management programme - objective and goals

187

(1)

Intermittent supply

188

(4)

Necessity rather than design

188

(1)

Problems with intermittent supply

189

(1)

Improvements to intermittent supply

190

(1)

Guidelines for improved equity in supply

191

(1)

Guidelines for improved water quality

191

(1)

Water losses

192

(6)

Water loss definitions

192

(1)

Real losses

193

(2)

Leakage in intermittent systems

195

(1)

Apparent losses

196

(2)

Water charging, tariffs and metering

198

(5)

Water charging and subsidies

198

(1)

`CAFES' Principal

199

(1)

Block tariffs

199

(2)

Metering

201

(2)

Retro-fitting

203

(2)

Potential for retro-fitting in developing countries

203

(1)

Low-income communities

204

(1)

Wastewater reuse

205

(1)

Institutional capacity

206

(1)

Institutional Capacity and Demand Management

206

(1)

Institutional development programme

206

(1)

Public awareness

207

(2)

Importance of public awareness

207

(1)

Components of public awareness campaign

208

(1)

Factors to consider for public awareness campaign

208

(1)

Demand management programmes in developing countries

209

(2)

Managing water for African cities

209

(1)

Managing water for Asian cities

210

(1)

Conclusion

211

(1)

References

211

(4)

Drivers and barriers for water conservation and reuse in the UK

215

(21)

Susan Roaf

Introduction

215

(2)

The three key drivers

217

(3)

Climate change

217

(1)

Demographics

218

(1)

Increasing rates of per capita consumption

219

(1)

Water conservation and reuse measures

220

(1)

Water conservation measures

220

(1)

Greywater reuse systems

220

(1)

Barriers and drivers for the government and regulators

221

(4)

Regulators and the Government: Drivers

221

(2)

Regulators and the Government: Barriers

223

(2)

Local authorities

225

(1)

Local authorities: Drivers

225

(1)

Local authorities: Barriers

225

(1)

Water companies

226

(2)

Water companies: Drivers

226

(1)

Water companies: Barriers

227

(1)

Private consultants

228

(1)

Private consultants: Drivers

228

(1)

Private consultants: Barriers

228

(1)

Architects, developers and planners

228

(2)

Architects, developers and planners: Drivers

228

(1)

Architects, developers and planners: Barriers

229

(1)

Education and research

230

(1)

Education and research Drivers

230

(1)

Education and research: Barriers

230

(1)

Manufacturers

231

(1)

Manufacturers: drivers

231

(1)

Manufacturers: barriers

231

(1)

Customers and consumers

232

(2)

Customers and consumers: Drivers

232

(1)

Consumers: barriers

233

(1)

Conclusions

234

(1)

References

235

(1)

The economics of water demand management

236

(44)

Paul R. Herrington

Introduction: setting the stage

236

(3)

Definitions and categories

236

(2)

Scope for demand-management

238

(1)

Economic appraisal

239

(17)

Different types of appraisal

239

(2)

Economic appraisal from micro to macro

241

(2)

Economic appraisal: micro

243

(10)

Economic appraisal: macro

253

(3)

Applications in practice

256

(17)

Introduction

256

(1)

Application of major micro-appraisal techniques

256

(3)

Micro-appraisal in practice

259

(14)

Conclusions and recommendations

273

(2)

References

275

(5)

Legislation and regulation mandating and influencing the efficient use of water in England and Wales

280

(25)

David Howarth

Introduction

280

(2)

Water use by abstraction

282

(5)

Legislation/Regulation applying to all abstractions

282

(1)

Industrial and agricultural abstraction

283

(1)

The public water supply

284

(3)

The constituents of the public water supply

287

(7)

Leakage

288

(1)

Public water supply to buildings (households and non-households)

289

(5)

Recent legislation

294

(4)

European Water Framework Directive

294

(2)

The Water Act 2003

296

(2)

Summary and perspectives

298

(1)

Discussion

299

(4)

Abstraction licensing

299

(1)

Water resources plans and the periodic review process

300

(1)

Water supply (water fittings) regulations

300

(1)

Leakage targets

301

(1)

Water efficiency/water conservation duty

301

(1)

Water charging policy

301

(1)

Development planning

302

(1)

Enhanced capital allowance

302

(1)

Recent legislation

303

(1)

Conclusions

303

(1)

References

304

(1)

Consumer reactions to water conservation policy instruments

305

(26)

Paul Jeffrey

Mary Gearey

Introduction

305

(5)

Supply, demand, and social expectations

306

(1)

Water use and policy instruments.

307

(3)

Attitudes and responses to conservation initiatives

310

(7)

Economic instruments

310

(2)

Regulatory instruments

312

(1)

Technological instruments

313

(2)

Education instruments

315

(2)

Attitudes and responses to water recycling initiatives

317

(3)

Beyond demand management?

320

(5)

Gauging socio-cultural adaptability

320

(1)

Complexity and co-evolution

321

(2)

Water as a cultural signifier

323

(2)

Conclusion: some comments on capacity development

325

(1)

References

326

(5)

Decision support tools for water demand management

331

(22)

Christos K. Makropoulos

Introduction

331

(1)

Decision support systems

332

(2)

Tools for forecasting demand

334

(4)

Tools for supporting the implementation of demand reducing strategies

338

(3)

Tools for managing water demand at a systems level

341

(3)

Tools for negotiations

344

(2)

Conclusions and future trends

346

(2)

References

348

(5)

Index

353

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Water Demand Management

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Water Demand Management

Summary

Table of Contents

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